Kirkazon, kapena aristolochia - mphamvu yosangalatsa

Pakati pa mipesa yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira, kirkason imaganiziridwa kuti ndiyo malo abwino kwambiri opangira ndege zazikulu. Masamba ake akuluakulu, owoneka bwino, owala bwino amawoneka abwino mumakatani obiriwira, pazipata ndi pergolas. Nthawi yomweyo, kupindika kwa chivundikiro chokhazikika komanso kukongola kumapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuphimba ngakhale zitsamba zosemedwa. Koma ngakhale kuti kirkazon imawonetsa chidwi, ngati chomera chachikulu chodziwika bwino, mtengo uwu wa mpesa uli ndi zodabwitsa zambiri komanso zosayembekezeka.

Maluwa a aristolochia ndi amodzi mwa mbewu zoyambirira zam'munda. Maonekedwe okongola ndi maluwa osazolowereka posachedwa ndi masamba osalala komanso ozungulira masamba amawoneka kuti ndi achilendo. Ndipo polima, kirkazon yoleketsa bwino pamtunduwu imakhala m'njira zambiri ndipo imasiyana ndi anzawo omwe ali mgululi ya treetop yayikulu kwambiri yaminda.

Kirkazon yayikulu-baleved, kapena tubir kirkazon (Aristolochia macrophylla). © Tom Potterfield

Mphamvu ya zipatso zapamwamba za mitengo yazipatso kwambiri

Tili ndi malingaliro otsutsana ndi mtengo uwu. Kirkazon imakhala ndi mankhwala ngati mankhwala ozizwitsa ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ena, nthawi zambiri mmera umawonedwa ngati wofunika ndipo osaganizira kukongola kwake. Liana ili lakhala likuonedwa ngati woyera wa kubadwa, koma lero limalemekezedwa ngati ochiritsa padziko lonse lapansi. Aristolochia adadziwikanso ndi dzina loti "aristos" wachi Greek (wabwino) komanso "lochein" (wobadwa). Koma ndilofanana ndi talente yokongoletsa bwino kwambiri yomwe ili yodziwikiratu, yofunikira komanso yowoneka bwino. Ndipo kukongola kwa mpesa waukuluwu ndikosavuta kuzindikira kuyambira ubwana.

Kirkazon, kapena aristolochia (Aristolochia) - mtundu wamiyala yodula, yamitengo, yayitali kwambiri, yomwe imakonda kupitirira 10 m kutalika. Ubwino wawo waukulu ndi korona wokuta, kukula msanga ndi kukula kwakukulu. Kwa onse, kupatula, ma aristolochias amadziwika ndi masamba akulu akulu atiyala. Ma masamba a masamba nthawi zambiri amakhala owoneka bwino mumtima, ndipo utoto wake ndiwowoneka wobiriwira, watsopano, wowala, wosiyana bwino ndi masamba apamwamba.

Chofunikira kwambiri cha kircasone sichiri kukula kwa masamba, koma malo awo. Amayikidwa pamwamba pamtundu wina ngati matailosi, amapanga zokongoletsera modabwitsa zofanana ndi njerwa. Koma mawonekedwe apachiyambi kwambiri a aristolochius molondola amalingalira inflorescence yoyambirira. Thumba lamiyendo yolimba, miyendo yopingasa modabwitsa komanso utoto wosalala limapereka chithunzi cha kuthengo lakutsogolo. Zowona, chifukwa cha kukula ndi mphamvu ya masamba, kuti muwone nthambi zokongola ndi zipatso, muyenera kuyesa: nthawi zambiri zimabisidwa, zobisika korona. Maluwa amatuluka kwa masiku 5-25, maluwa amatuluka mosiyanasiyana pazaka 5 mpaka 8. Ndipo mabokosi apamwamba a zipatso pamipesa iyi amawoneka okongola kwambiri.

Mphepete mwa nyanja (Aristolochia littoralis). © Forest & Kim Starr

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya kirkazon (aristolochia)

Mu mtundu wa Aristolochius - mitundu pafupifupi 180 yomwe imamera padziko lonse lapansi. Zosakwana mitundu khumi ndi iwiri yokhala ndi masamba ndi maluwa owoneka bwino "adazika mizu" ngati mbewu zokongoletsera.

Ma kirkazon odziwika kwambiri omwe timawaganizira kuti ndi akuluakulu. Makina akulu oyendayenda, kapena Chitoliro cha Kirkazon (Aristolochia macrophylla, dzina lachiwiri - tubular kirkazon - wotchuka kwambiri masiku ano - - mtengo wazithunzi waukulu, wokula msanga, womwe umatha kutalika mpaka mamita 12. Nthaka sizabereka, zobiriwira, zosinthika. Masamba a aristolochia awa amawoneka odabwitsa: masamba akuluakulu, owoneka bwino, owoneka bwino ndi mtima wokhala ndi mainchesi 30 mpaka 30 amapanga mawonekedwe okongoletsa korona wokongola, amabweretsa zokongoletsera m'munda. Choyera chobiriwira, chowala chimaphatikizidwa ndi chowongolera kumbuyo. Masamba, monga ma kirkazons onse, amakhala pamtunda wautali mpaka 6 cm. Maluwa amawonekera osati chifukwa chovunda ndi mungu. Amodzi, axillary, akupanga mawonekedwe a chubu chopangidwa ndi v, iwo amafikira kutalika kwa 3 cm yokha ndikuvala korona ndi mwendo wochititsa chidwi wa disk. Chifukwa cha tsitsi lapadera, lolunjika mkati mkati mwa corolla, ntchentche sizitha kutuluka mpaka kupukutira kumachitika ndipo tsitsi limazirala. Pambuyo kupukutira, maluwa mochititsa chidwi amayandikira, droop. Maluwa atatha maluwa, ma hexagon zipatso mpaka 8cmlitali amamangidwa ndi mbewu zotaya msanga.

Circason Manchu (Aristolochia manshuriensis) - mpesa waukulu wokongola, womwe malekezero a mphukira amatha kuzimiririka pakatikati patambo (koma ngakhale izi, Manchu kirkazon safuna kutetezedwa). Mtengo wamphamvuwo umafika kutalika kwa mamilimita khumi ndi theka, umasiyanitsidwanso ndi masamba akuluakulu amasentimita atatu kuphatikiza fungo la camphor, ndi korona yokongola modabwitsa, yomwe imayamba kuwala kwambiri, komanso kupendekera kokongola, kobiriwira kopepuka, komanso kukongoletsa kwamtchire. Maluwa ndi akulu, mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mitsuko, yofiirira. Zipatso zosakwana 8 cm zimafanana ndi nkhaka. Chokhacho chingabwezeretse mtunduwu ndikuti limamasula chaka chilichonse, ndipo zipatso zimatengera zinthu zambiri. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mipesa yomwe ikukula mwachangu, imatha kupanga kukula kwa 3 m nthawi imodzi m'nthaka yonyowa pafupi ndi mitsinje kapena m'malo otsika.

Circason Mkango wokongola, kapena Kirkazon wamba (Aristolochia clematitis) - mpesa waudzu wocheperako. Chimakula ngati chophatikiza mwachangu, chomera chomera mwachangu. Nthambi zimafikira kutalika kosaposa 1.5 m, masamba ake ndi okongola, amitima yabwino, atali, komanso matte owala. Maluwa amafanana ndi maluwa amiyala, chikasu chopepuka, pachimake m'makoma amitengo. Maluwa a kirkazon amenewa amakhala pafupifupi mwezi umodzi kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, zipatso zake sizomangidwa. Mosiyana ndi ena onse, aristolochias ndi clematis chilala.

Masekondi okongola (Aristolochia elegans). © cat_collector

Ngati chipinda kapena bwalo lamaluwa m'nyumba momwemo nyengo yachisanu, timalima liana Kirkazon wachisomo (Aristolochia elegans). Ichi ndi chobiriwira ku South America chomwe chingapange zojambula zokongola modabwitsa komanso zowonekera kwakanthawi. Masamba owonekera pamtima, amakongoletsa kwambiri. Ili pa kirkazona yokongola, malinga ndi okonda kwambiri, maluwa okongola kwambiri komanso oyamba. Mosiyana ndi omwe amalimbirana kwambiri ndi nyengo yozizira, mu aristolochia awa amatalika osati angapo, koma 10-12 masentimita omwe ali ndi mulifupi wofanana wa nthambi ya corolla. Mawonekedwe, duwa la tubular limafanana ndi ma gramophones akale - otupa, opindika, ngati nkhono yodabwitsanso kapena yowonekera, imakopa chidwi chake ndi ndandanda yake. Koma maluwa amakongoletsa kukongola kwake: kukhala ndi mawonekedwe oyera, ofiira, ofiira ngati oyera pamtambo wobiriwira komanso wopepuka, phale limafanana ndi zikopa za nyama ndipo zikuwoneka kuti sizoyambirira, koma zapadera. Duwa lachivomerezachi limakhalanso ndi zomwe limachita ngati nyama yolusa: mungu wochokera pakhungu, chifukwa cha ubweya wokhota womwe umakhala mkati mwa duwa, sungathe kutuluka kunja mpaka mungu utachitika ndipo tsitsi lolowera mkati silifota. Duwa lokongola la kirkason limadzaza mkatikati mwa chilimwe, limapitilizabe kukongoletsa minda mpaka usiku woyamba kuzirala, komwe kumakhala chisonyezo chosunthira mbewuyo kumalo.

Kummwera lakum'mwera, mitundu yamitundu yonse yokongoletsera imakhala ndi chomera china chololera chochepa. Aristolochia adamva (tikudziwa bwino monga Kirkazon fluffy (Aristolochia tomentosa) - wochititsa chidwi, wamkulu wa ku North America liana. Imafika kutalika kwa 10 m, koma pachikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe chake chimakhala chotsika. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi chingwe chanthete, chofiyira cha mphukira zazing'ono, mtundu wakuda wamakungwa pamitengo yolumikizidwa ndi ming'alu yokongola modabwitsa. Masamba ndi akulu kwambiri, mpaka 15 cm, pafupifupi kuzungulira mawonekedwe ndi lingaliro lozungulira. Pamwamba pakepo ndiwobiriwira, osalala, pang'ono pang'ono, pansi pake timamvanso. Masamba amakhala pamtunda wamtali mpaka 7 cm. Maluwa amapezeka m'makoma a masamba amodzi nthawi imodzi, mpaka 3-4 masentimita, mawonekedwe owoneka ngati chubu, amadabwa ndi mzere wautali, ndi m'mphepete panja, ndi utoto wonyezimira, komanso miyendo yachikasu yopyapyala yokhala ndi makwinya. pamwamba.

Kirkazon yayikulu-baleved, kapena tubir kirkazon (Aristolochia macrophylla). © Maja Dumat

Laciferous kirkazon, kapena wamba kirkazon (Aristolochia clematitis). © William Kirby

Fluffy kirkazon (Aristolochia tomentosa). © Wendy Cutler

Kirkazon (aristolochia) pakukongoletsa kogwiritsa ntchito:

monga mpesa wowoneka bwino kwambiri wokhala ndi mawonekedwe omata pakorona;
kulima mokhazikika pamalo akulu ndi kutalika;
kupanga maziko obiriwira odabwitsa;
ngati chida chokongoletsa kwambiri komanso chokhazikika;
ngati umodzi wa mipesa yofulumira kwambiri yolumikiza, kukulolani kuti mupange zojambula zobiriwira ndi zowonekera munthawi ya miyezi;
Chomera chabwino kwambiri chobiriwira chophukira pergolas, arbor ndi trellises;
Chomera chomera chobiriwira chopanda mawonekedwe, makoma, kuphatikizapo nyumba zazitali kwambiri;
makonde oyang'anira malo ndi masitepe;
kupanga zipinda zobiriwira panja;
ngati mtengo wapadera wazipatso zamtengo wapatali wazipilala zazitali ndi zipilala, zokongoletsera za mitengo yaying'ono;
pakupanga mizere yobiriwira, madenga, ndi zina.

Kulima kirkazona (aristolochia)

Aristolochias ndi zomera zosinthika modabwitsa zomwe sizifuna kuwala kowala kuti ziwulule kukongola kwawo konse. Ma kirkazon ambiri amakula bwino mthunzi wake, kirkazon wokhala ndi matendawa amatha kusintha malo mpaka pamtunda. Koma kirkazon wokongola chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chotentha amafunika kuperekedwa ndi madera akumwera, madera dzuwa, abwino koposa onse okhala ndi makoma otenthetsedwa ndi dzuwa, nyumba. Chiphuphuchi, ngakhale cha penumbra chopepuka kwambiri, sichingamasuke konse.

Awa ndi amodzi mwa osagwirizana kwambiri ndi malo owuma, okhala m'matauni, omwe saopa ngakhale malo opanda phokoso kwambiri komanso oyipa kwambiri pafupi ndi magalimoto onyamula. Koma zowonongekazo zimaphatikizidwa mwachisawawa ndi kusakonda zojambula zokonzekera: zonse zapamwamba zomwe zimatha kulimidwa pakatikati kapena kumpoto zimakonda malo otetezedwa. Zomwe sizikutanthauza kuti okwera adzasokonezeka ndikukula: masamba mumphepo amawang'ambika. Mtundu wama korona wamtengo wapatali amatha kutamandidwa m'malo otetezeka.

Kupatula, ma kirkazon onse amapanga bwino panthaka yachonde, yomasuka, yapamwamba kwambiri, yokhala ndi humus yambiri. Kwa ma kirkazon, nthaka zatsopano zonyowa, ndizofunikira. Duwa lalikulu la aristolochia lili ndi zofunikira kwambiri pakumalizira: loana iyi imakonda kukhazikika pamtunda wonyowa, imakonda malo osasunthika komanso ouma. Kuchepetsa kusamalira ndikuthana ndi mavuto okhala ndi chinyezi ndikosavuta posankha malo pafupi ndi mitsinje, dziwe, m'malo otsika.

Kirkazon evergreen (Aristolochia sempervirens). © Steve Law

Kuyambika kwa kirkazona (aristolochia)

Mpesa uwu ungabzalidwe m'malo okhazikika kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Aroolo-olimba aristolochia amasintha bwino nthawi yozizira m'malo atsopano mukabzala mu Seputembala, koma kirkason yokoma, yosakhazikika imabzalidwa pamalo okhawo mu Meyi. Kwa maluwa owuma bwino kwambiri nthawi yozizira, mbande za zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (mbande zapachaka - zongopezeka zodulidwa).

Kwa aristolochia iliyonse, kukhalabe patali ndi mbewu zapafupi ndikofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa cha mizu yamphamvu, kuchepetsa mtunda pakati pa mbewu sikulimbikitsidwa. Kuchita bwino - 80-100 cm kwa "oyandikana".

Aristolochias amabzalidwa m'maenje akuluakulu oyenda ndi akuya pafupifupi mita. Asanafike, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa thandizo, poganizira kuti kutalika kokhazikika kwa maziko a aristolochias popanda mapangidwe kuli pafupifupi mita 8, liana ndi lolemetsa ndipo lidzakulunga palokha ndikuwathandiza. Khosi la mmera likhale pansi. Mizu pa mbande iyenera kufupikitsidwa: wamphamvu ndi wamphamvu - 1/5, Wofooka - 1/3 wa kutalika. Madera ofanana a mchenga ndi humus, dongo kuti liwonjezere chinyezi komanso muyezo wa feteleza wathunthu wazakudya zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi 9-10 makilogalamu a organic kanthu ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku dothi lochotsedwa pamalowo. Pansi pa dzenje mu dothi lolemera, ikani mbali yoyambira, yokutidwa ndi mchenga pamwamba.

Kirkazon yayikulu-baleved, kapena tubir kirkazon (Aristolochia macrophylla). © Ruud de Chitetezo

Kusamalira kirkazon (aristolochia)

Kirkazon wamkulu wokhala ndi masamba, ngati mitundu yonse ya aristolochia, kupatula lomonosovidnoy, samalekerera chilala ndipo amafunika kuthirira pafupipafupi. Ndi kusankha koyenera kwa kukula kwa mikhalidwe, kuyikidwa pafupi ndi dziwe kapena pa dothi lonyowa, njira zimangofunika pakungotentha kwambiri ndi chilala, kuthirira mwadongosolo kumakonda m'malo wamba. M'masiku otentha kwambiri a aristolochia moyankha poyamwa kupopera.

Aristolochia iliyonse imakhala yokhutira ndi feteleza wachilengedwe 1-2 nthawi imodzi (mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi kapena mawonekedwe a mulching). Kusamalira kwina konse kumabwera ku:

mulching ndi mwana kompositi masamba kapena theka wazaka, zina zamoyo;
namsongole namsongole;
Kuwala, mpaka 8cm kwambiri kumasula dothi, pomwe muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndikuyesetsa kuti musawononge mizu ya pansi.

Kudulira mpesa kumachepetsa kufupikitsa mphukira zazitali zomwe zimakulitsa kupitirira chilimbikitso, kumachepetsa kukula ngati pakufunika komanso kuyeretsa - kuchotsa nthambi zouma kapena zowonongeka.

Kukongola kwamankhwala kwamadzimadzi kumafuna kuthirira komanso kuvala pamtunda wonse nthawi yonse yolimba. Mtundu wa kirkazonov makamaka amakonda kuvala pamwamba komanso kulowetsedwa kwa mullein. Koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wina wachilengedwe, ndikusakaniza mineral mineral. Kutsirira kumachitika pafupipafupi, ndi chilala chochepa kwambiri kuti nthaka ikhale chinyezi.

Zima kirkazona (aristolochia)

Mu aristolokhii chisanu kukana akuwonekera ndi zaka zokha, mbewu zazing'ono ndi zodulidwa mizu zimakhala tcheru ndipo ndibwino kuti zikule pamalowo pomera nyengo yachisanu. Ndikosavuta kuteteza ana aristolochias ku chisanu: chifukwa mpesa uwu ndi wokwanira kupereka mulching ndi masamba owuma mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 7-8. Kuyambira zaka 2-3, kufunika kokhalako nthawi yachisanu kumatha. Ngakhale nsonga za mphukira ziundana ndi maluwa a Manchurian aristolochia, mbewuyo imachira bwino ndikuwonetsa kukongola kwake konse.

Ngakhale kuti kirkazon yokongola imaganiziridwa kuti ndi mpesa wokha kum'mwera, ungabzalidwe munthaka, ngakhale pakati. Kungofika kwa nyengo yozizira kumayenera kusamutsidwa kupita kumipanda, kutsukidwa nyengo yachisanu m'chipindacho. Kuti mudzidzipulumutse kuti musakokore chomera kwambiri dothi chaka chilichonse ndikubzanso, ndikofunikira kubzala kircazone nthawi yomweyo mumbale zazikulu, muli kapena timachubu. Koma chimodzimodzi, muyenera kulingalira kuti ndikosavuta kupilira mayendedwe ena onse. Kukumba ndi kuyika m'chipindacho kuyenera kuchitika chisanachitike chisanu. Zoyenera kuzizira nyengo ya kirkazon pamalo owala kwambiri komanso mchipinda kapena kutentha pang'ono.

Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda

Aristolochias nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Zitha kuopsezedwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi nthata za akangaude pafupi ndi mbewu zokhala ndi kachilombo, koma zovuta sizimakhalapo.

Kufalikira kwa kircazone (aristolochia)

Ma kircason amawonedwa kuti ndiosavuta kufalitsa mipesa. Ndiosavuta kupeza mbadwo watsopano wa mbeu kuchokera ku njere kapena njira, koma njira zodula nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuchulukitsa kwa mizu yodulidwa kumakhala kochepa, vuto lomwe limakhala nawo ndilokulirapo kuposa mphesa zina. Zodulidwa ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yofotokozera kokha kirkazona yabwino, momwe mbewu sizinapseke bwino. Chapakatikati, mutatha kuchita nyengo yachisanu bwino kuchokera ku nthambi, mutha kudula zidutswazo ndikuziwazika pansi pa kapu mumtundu uliwonse wamagulu opatsa thanzi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuzika kwamizu kumachitika mwachangu ndikusintha mu dothi lotseguka kapena machubu kutha kuchitika kumapeto kwa Meyi-June. Kwa aristolochii ena onse, zodulidwa ziyenera kudulidwa masamba asanatseguke mu masika, kapena kumapeto kwa Seputembala ndi khumi zoyambirira za Okutobala, posankha pachaka, koma mphukira kale. Zidutswa za nyengo yozizira ziyenera kuzika mizu, ndikuwonjezera mchenga ndi peat m'nthaka ndikukulitsa zodula 20 cm kutalika, kusiya 1 kapena 2 masamba okha. Pambuyo poti zodulidwazo zayikidwa m'nthaka, lokwera lifunika kuthiriridwa bwino ndikuthiriridwa ndi peat. Mu kudula kwa yophukira, sikofunikira kuphimba zodulidwazo; kasupe, muyenera kupanga pogona kuchokera pakama pagalasi kapena zipewa za film. Zomera zopangidwa ndi zodula zimasunthidwa kumalo okhazikika kumapeto kwa kasupe ndikudula kwotsatira kumapeto kwa yophukira.

Firted kirkazon imatulutsa mizu yambiri, koma ena otchuka, ngakhale ali otsika kwambiri mtsogoleri mu kuthekera kwawo kutulutsa mphukira zambiri, m'malo abwino, amatha kukumba mipesa yatsopano chaka chilichonse. Koma kuti musadikire kuoneka kwa mbande ya mbande, ndikosavuta kuzika mizu: nthambi za mbewuzo zimakumbidwa mchaka, zimapindiridwa ndi dothi, kuziyika mozungulira, ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira mudzakhala ndi chomera chodzaza mizu.

Mbewu za ma kirkazon zimatha kutaya msanga, ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakangotha miyezi ingapo mutatola. Kubzala kumachitika bwino kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, nyengo yachisanu isanachitike (ngati kufesa kumayenera kuyimitsidwa mpaka masika, stratization imachitika pa kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 5 Celsius). Mabedi okufesa amafunika kusankhidwa pakati pa malo a penumbra. Mbewu zikaoneka, mbewu zazing'onoting'ono zimayenera kukhazikitsidwa pamtunda wa 20-30 cm ndikukula pabedi lina mpaka zaka 2-3. Mbande ya Aristoloch imakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo ndibwino kupirira moleza.

Lomonosovid aristolochia imangopangitsidwa osati ndi zigawo ndi mbewu, komanso zigawo za ma rhizomes.