Mtundu wa eustoma waku Iroma, wokongola komanso woyengeka unkadziwa nthawi zonse ziwiri zosiririka konsekonse, komanso kutsimikizika. Koma lero ali wotchuka komanso wokondedwa. Chomera chimakula makamaka chifukwa chodula. Maluwa okongola, ofanana ndi maluwa a silika otseguka pang'ono, amayimilira mnyumba zamaluwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana, duwa lokhala ndi mawonekedwe odabwitsa odabwitsa nthawi zonse limadabwitsa. Komanso kuvuta kwa chomera chomwe chimafunikira njira yapadera. Eustoma wakula ngati dimba, komanso wowonjezera kutentha, komanso monga chipinda chachipinda. Ndipo pamtundu uliwonse, mmera umafunika kusamalidwa kwambiri.
Eustoma.
Wodziwika bwino pakati pa alimi a maluwa omwe amatchedwa Lisianthus Russell, wachiIreland, wachi Japan, Texas belu kapena chikondi, eustoma ndi imodzi mwazikhalidwe zokongola kwambiri. Ndipo m'munda wamaluwa, ndi maluwa okongoletsa, zimayimiriridwa ndi mtundu umodzi wokha - maluwa akuluakulu (eustoma grandiflorum).
Koyambirira kwa mtundu wa Eustoma (Eustoma) adazindikira mitundu itatu isanu. Komabe, ntchito yolumikizidwa kwa ogwira nawo ntchito ku Royal Botanic Gardens ku Kew (United Kingdom) ndi Missouri Botanical Garden (USA) kukonza dzina lamakono la chomera chamakono taxa, adaphatikiza mitundu yotsatirayi pansi pa dzina limodzi - Eustoma lalikulu-flowed (Eustoma grandiflorum): Eustoma lalikulu-maluwaEustoma grandiflorum), Lisianthus - Eustoma Russell, kapena Russell (Eustoma russellianum), Eustoma yaying'ono, yaying'ono ya Amitundu, Akunja chakumadzulo, marishi a buluu a Eustoma (Kukweza kwa Eustoma).
Eustoma wokhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu ndi chomera chapamwamba chotalika 30 mpaka 90 masentimita okhala ndi mphukira, masamba osavuta, owoneka bwino komanso opepuka komanso maluwa ofanana ndi duwa la rose ndi poppy. Pa chomera chimodzi, mpaka maluwa awiri otalika kwambiri amakhala pachimake, ndipo chifukwa chakuti samatseguka nthawi imodzimodzi, koma nawonso, eustoma imakhalabe yokongola kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Kutha kwa maluwa kuphuka maluwa atasilira maluwa: mukamagula eustoma kapena kuikamo miphika, mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti Mphukira iliyonse idzasanduka duwa lokongola la Japan. Chomera chilichonse chimawoneka ngati maluwa: chifukwa cha nthambi yolimba, yolimba, koma yocheperako, yokhala ngati mafani, eustoma imawoneka kuti ndi maluwa osungidwa mumphika.
Kutulutsa kwa eustoma kumatengera nthawi yofesa ndikuyamba milungu 20 mutabzala. M'maseweredwe odzala ndi maluwa, amayamba mu June-Ogasiti ndipo amakhala mpaka pakati pa nthawi yophukira, chifukwa mbewuyo singasiye kusangalatsa maluwa mpaka chisanu chifika -10 madigiri ndi chipale chofewa.
Phwando la eustomas.
Phale la utoto la eustoma lero siliphatikizapo zoyera, zofiirira, zapinki, zachikaso, zamtundu wa lalanje, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu iwiri komanso mawu. Acustom chipinda chosanja chili ndi mitundu yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyera komanso yowala, pomwe mitundu yamaluwa ndiyambiri. Zimaphatikizanso zobiriwira zopepuka, zamitundu yazipatso.
Chowonadi chachikulu cha eustoma ndi kutchuka kwake padziko lonse lapansi ndizoyenera kwa obereketsa ku USA ndi Japan. Kumadzulo, chomera ichi ndi chimodzi mwazitundu zodziwika bwino zodulidwa, koma ngakhale kukongola uku ku Japan kuno kukuchuluka pang'onopang'ono.
Njira zosiyanasiyana zokulitsa kukula kwa eustoma
Duwa la chikondi - chomera chapadera kwambiri. Ndipo dzina lake lapadera kuti "duwa sili la aliyense" ali ndi zifukwa zomveka. Kupatula apo, kukulitsa eustoma sikophweka. Pali njira zitatu zokulira za eustoma:
- mchipinda;
- m'mundamo;
- m'malo obiriwira kapena masamba obiriwira ngati mtengo wometa ubweya.
Ma agrotechnics okula zachilendo m'munda ndi m'malo obisalamo si zachilendo. Nthawi zambiri, mbewuyi imabzalidwa chaka chilichonse, ikungotulutsa maluwa okongola patatha nyengo. Njirayi ili ndi kuphatikiza kotsimikizika: ndimitundu yodziwika pachaka yomwe imatha kukakamizidwa kutulutsa kwambiri. Kukula ngati chisawawa kumafuna kukonzedwa m'nyumba m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa eustoma sililekerera chisanu. Ngati muli ndi mwayi wosamutsa eustoma, ikani, ndiye kuti imakusangalatsani ndi maluwa okongola kudula chaka ndi chaka. Zowona, pali zovuta zina pano: olima maluwa ambiri amazindikira kuti eustoma siyambitsa vuto ndipo amangosangalala kwa zaka 2, ndipo kuyambira lachitatu limayamba kupweteka, kukhudzidwa ndi tizirombo, pang'onopang'ono limafota. Chifukwa chake pali njira ziwiri zokha zokulira izi - monga chilimwe kapena biennial.
Monga chomera, eustoma ikungoyamba kutchuka, ndizosowa kwenikweni. Ndipo mwakutero, eustoma yokha yokhala ndi kutalika kochepa, mitundu yobiriwira itha kubzalidwa.
Njira yapadera yapakatikati ikukula ngati chomera cha mphika wamunda. Zimakuthandizani kuti mukwaniritse chinthu chachikulu: kuchotsa pakufunika kukumba kwa dzinja, chifukwa miphika imangofunika kusunthidwa kupita kuchipinda. Koma palinso maubwino ena. Makamaka, kuwongolera kosavuta pazinthu ndi chinyezi, kuthekera kwounikira mosavuta. Malingana ndi zofunikira pazikhalidwe ndi chisamaliro, zipinda ndi zipinda za mbiya ndizofanana.
Eustoma, kalasi 'Echo Pink'.
Kukula kwa eustoma m'munda ndi greenhomes
Njira yolima yolima maluwa aIrish kudula ndi chimodzimodzi mukabzala m'malo obisalamo otetezeka komanso dothi lotseguka. Kupatula apo, zokonda za kutentha, monga zofunika zina m'minda, sizisintha.
Mikhalidwe yofunika eustoma m'munda
Onse m'munda komanso mu eustoma wowonjezera kutentha, ndikofunikira kupereka zowunikira zowala kwambiri. Kuwala komwe kumabalalika kudzayeneranso kukongola komanso malo owala kwambiri dzuwa. Ngakhale chithunzithunzi chocheperako, ma eustoma sangathe kutulutsa. Ndikwabwino kuteteza chikoka chachikazi kuti chisasowe, komanso makamaka ku mphepo yozizira.
Nthaka ya mbewuyi siyabwino kwa aliyense. Nthaka iyenera kulimidwa bwino, kusinthidwa, kukumbidwa kwambiri. Eustoma imatha kumera m'madzi ndi nthaka yomwe ingathe kupuma, yomwe siziika pachiwopsezo cha kusasunthika ndi madzi. Wotseka, wopepuka, wokhala ndi zochulukirapo zachilengedwe komanso dothi lachonde - chitsimikizo chachikulu pakupambana kwa kulima kwa eustoma.
Tikukula eustoma pansi
Musanadzalemo eustoma, ndikofunikira kukonza nthaka. Kukumba kawiri ndikumayambitsa humus, kompositi, gawo la feteleza wathunthu wazakudya lidzakhala gawo lokwanira pa mbewuyi. Ngati dothi lonyowa kwambiri, pamakhala ngozi yochepa kwambiri yotsekera madzi, ndiye kuti kuli bwino kuyika ngalande yatsopano pansi pa lokweralo.
Ndikofunika kuchita kubzala kwa eustoma pambuyo poti chiwopsezo cha chisanu chikutha, osati kale kuposa kumapeto kwa Meyi chifukwa cha mundawo ndi Epulo m'malo obiriwira. Nthawi yomweyo, nthawi yodzisunthanso imafunikanso: eustoma imakonda kukhala pamvula kapena nthawi yamadzulo.
Eustoma imabzalidwe m'nthaka kuti pakati pa mbewuzo pakhale kutalika kwa 15-20 cm. Mlingo wolowera mukamabzala uyeneranso kukhala wofanana ndi mbande. Earthball siyingawonongeke. Kutsirira kumachitika mukangobzala, kenako zinthu zokhazikika zimasungidwa mpaka kukula kumayambiranso. Ngati eustoma yadzala kuti idulidwe, ndibwino kuyika mbewu zobzalidwa kumene pansi pa hoodyo kwa milungu ingapo.
Mtundu wamtchire.
Munda ndi chisamaliro cha greenhouse eustoma
Duwa la ku Japan ndilofunika kwambiri chisamaliro. Imakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa chinyezi, kuvala pamwamba, kuyankha mokwanira kuwonjezeka kwa chinyezi cha mpweya m'malo obiriwira (ndi njira zina kupatula kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa).
Kuthirira kwa eustoma kuyenera kukhala kwadongosolo, koma kuyendetsedwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi kutentha. Kudula kwamadzi nthaka sikuyenera kuloledwa. Koma chilala chokhazikika chimayambitsa chisokonezo. Chinyezi, chinyezi chokhazikika, kuthilira pafupipafupi pamasiku otentha komanso panthawi yachilala - njira yoyenera ya "kukondana ndi chikondi."
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumapangidwa ndi feteleza wathunthu wamafuta. Kupatula apo, eustoma imafunikira michere yemweyo; nayitrogeni ndiofunikira monga phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Mwachikhalidwe, kudyetsa kumachitika pamwezi kwa eustoma pachikhalidwe cha pachaka, katatu, (kukula, yogwira, maluwa ndi chiyambi chamaluwa) kwa eustoma, yomwe imasungidwa nthawi yachisanu. Mukakulitsa kudula mu greenhouse, maukada nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni asana maluwa ndi potaziyamu-phosphorous feteleza mutaphukira.
Chomera ichi chikuyankhira mulching nthaka, zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa kuthirira komanso kukhazikika kwa zinthu zomwe zikukula.
M'masewera okwera, mphukira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoonda kwambiri, zopanda mphamvu, zimafunikira thandizo. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za malo ogona, kuthyola nthambi za chomera, muyenera kumangirira pachikhomo kapena kukoka mizere ya twine kuti mudze mitengo yayikulu.
Eustoma, kalasi 'Borealis Blue' ndi yarrow osiyanasiyana 'Moonlight'.
Zima munda wachisangalalo
Nthawi zambiri chaka chamawa, ma nyemba obisika omwe amakhala m'mundamo amasungidwa, koma mutha kuthanso kusaka mbewu zamtunda posinthanitsa ndi dothi losakhazikika m'miphika. Pa eustoma, mphukira imadulidwa chisanachitike nthawi yachisanu, ndikusiya ma cell awiri kwa iwo. M'malo ochepera, osachepera kuthirira, kusowa kwaovala kwapamwamba komanso kuwunikira kowala, eustoma iyenera kuzizira m'zipinda zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kwa pafupifupi madigiri a Celsius. Yambitsaninso chisamaliro chokhacho pokhapokha mphukira zatsopano zitangomera. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, nyengo yozizira imafanana.
Kuteteza tizilombo ndi matenda m'munda
Eustoma sikhala wa mbewu zosagwira. Zimakopa nthata za akangaude, maulesi, zovala zoyera, zomwe ndi bwino kulimbana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo nthawi yomweyo. Ndipo zamatendawa, amaopa osati imvi zowola, komanso ufa wowuma ndi fusarium. Kuti mupewe chiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo, ndikwabwino kuchita kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi fungicides.
Kukula kwa eustoma monga chomera chamkati kapena chomera cha mphika
Kutha kukulitsa zokongoletsera zapamwamba komanso ngati chomera chamkati kwawonekera posachedwa. Ndipo tili ndi vuto kwa olimitsa maluwa ku Japan, omwe apanga mitundu yapadera ya ma eustomas omwe amamveka bwino m'miphika. Zaka 10 - 20 zapitazo, eustoma mu assortment ya m'nyumba zam'munda zinali chozizwitsa, ndipo idabweretsedwa m'malo mwake kuti isunge nyengo yozizira m'mundamo. Ndikwabwino kugula m'nyumba zamitundu yosakhazikikamo mbande, koma timitengo ta maluwa okonzeka. Ngati mukufuna kugula makope angapo pamodzi ndi mbande za mundawo, onetsetsani kuti mwapatsidwa mitundu yomwe ili yoyenera kupaka. Kutalika kwa mkati mwa eustomas kumakhala kotalika 15-30 cm.
Ngakhale mitengo yamphesa zamkati zamakono zam'mera zam'mera zamtchire izi zimakula ngati nyengo zamalimwe, nyengo zomwe zimakonda maluwa okongola, ndizosavuta kutaya kuposa kuyesa kusunga mchikhalidwe chamuyaya. Mukakonza nyengo yachisanu yozungulira ya eustoma, kupereka chisamaliro chovuta kwambiri komanso kutentha kozizira, ndiye kuti mbewuyo imadzalidwa ngati biennium, koma eustoma sidzakhala yodzaza bwino. "Zodabwitsanso" zina zosasangalatsa: eustomas amnyumba nthawi zambiri amakula mwachangu atagula, kuwonjezeka kukula kwake chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe ali ndi ma inhibitors okula.
Mukukula mumphika wamphika ndi kukhalapo kumapeto kwa kasupe mpaka kugwa kwatsopano m'mundamo, ma eustom okha omwe ali ndi kukula kokwanira bwino amakhalanso oyenera. Nthawi zambiri mukagulitsa mumatha kupeza mbewu ndi mbande, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pakukula muchidebe. Mpweya wotere ungabzalidwe zakale komanso ngati zipatso zosatha, miphika kapena kubzala m'nthaka yotentha.
Eustoma.
Kuwala ndi kutentha
Kuyatsa kwa chipinda ndi eustoma wowumbika kuyenera kukhala kopepuka, kowala, koma dzuwa lowongolera sikuyenera kugwera pamalowo. Pamalo oyambira dzuwa, masamba ndi maluwa a eustoma azunzika, mbewuyo imatha kukhala yovuta kwambiri kuyang'anitsitsa chinyezi.
Koma kusintha kwa kutentha kumakhala kosavuta kusankha: nthawi yotentha, eustoma imakhala yosangalatsa pa kutentha wamba kwachipinda, ndi mafomu amphika - pamtunda watsopano pakalibe kutentha madontho akufika mpaka madigiri 10. Ngati simukufuna kutaya chomeracho ndikuyesetsa kuchisunga nthawi yozizira, ndiye kuti maluwa atayamba kale komanso asanayambike chitukuko, eustoma iyenera kuyikidwa pamalo abwino ozizira ndi kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 10 kwa mbewu zamkati ndi madigirii 10 a mbewu zamphika. Kuwala kwa dzinja sikuyenera kusintha.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa eustoma
Kusamalira eustoma m'chipinda ndi chikhalidwe cha mphika ziyenera kukhala zowoneka bwino, koma osati zovuta kwambiri. Kukongola kumeneku kumathiriridwa kotero kuti gawo lapansi limangokhala lonyowa pang'ono nthawi zonse, osapukuta, komanso lopanda chinyezi chambiri. Pakati pa njirazi, pamtunda (masentimita atatu) muyenera kupukuta, ndipo mukupangizidwa kuti muchotse madziwo m'matumba nthawi yomweyo mutathirira.
Mavalidwe apamwamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa feteleza wazomera maluwa, muyezo uliwonse pakatha masabata awiri aliwonse mulimidwe. Ndi nyengo yozizira yozizira, kuthirira konse kumachepetsedwa, ndipo kudya sikumachitika. Sizoletsedwa kupopera mbewuzo, koma chinyezi chowonjezereka chimapindulitsa eustoma (imaperekedwa mwa kuyika ma tray ndi moss onyowa kapena manyowa).
Kwa eustomas, madzi ofunda okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito: kusiyanitsa kwa kutentha pakati pa mpweya wozungulira ndi gawo loyambira kungasokoneze onse mkati ndi m'munda womwe uli ndi mbande.
Eustoma mumphikaThirani ndi gawo lapansi
Kuti mulimbikitse maluwa a eustoma chaka chamawa, mutadzutsa mbewu, muyenera kufalikira mwachangu. Eustoma imasunthira kumtunda watsopano, ngati kuli kotheka, masentimita ochepa okha amawonjezera poto. Kwa eustomas, kusakanikirana pang'ono kwachilengedwe kapena kosaloledwa kosakanikirana ndi mawonekedwe otayirira, opepuka, opezeka paliponse, momwe mchenga wabwino umawonjezedwera. Pa chikhalidwe ichi, gawo lapansi la senpolia ndilabwino. Denga lamphamvu lamadzi liyenera kuyikidwa pansi pa thankiyo. Koma chinthu chachikulu - munthawi ya njirayi, musawononge dongo, ndipo makamaka musagawane chitsamba chilichonse, chifukwa mbewuyo singapulumuke ngakhale pang'ono pang'onong'ono pomwe.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Indoor eustomas amadwala zochepa matenda, koma ndi kusokonezeka pang'ono mu chinyezi chokomera gawo lapansi, amakhudzidwa mwachangu ndi imvi zowola. Zowopsa pazokongola izi ndizovala zazing'ono komanso zopindika. Nthawi yomweyo, kuwunika kwa mbewu kuti mudziwe vuto lomwe lingayambike kwambiri kuyenera kuchitika pafupipafupi, ndipo nkhondoyi ndiyabwino kuyambitsa nthawi yomweyo mothandizidwa ndi fungicides ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Mitengo ya mbiya ya mphika ndiosavuta kuyikula ngati yomwe imamera m'nthaka.
Kudulira kwa Eustoma
M'malo mwake, ma eustom onse owumbika amafunikira pang'ono pamwamba pa msatsi. Koma ngati mbewuyo yasungidwa chaka chamawa, ndiye kuti imadulidwa isanakonze chipinda chosungiramo, nisiya masamba angapo pa mphukira iliyonse.
Ndikudula kuma bouquets
Maluwa a Eustoma amadulidwa pamene "maluwa" ochepa amatsegulidwa. Kudulira sikuyenera kuchita mantha: eustoma imatha kuphuka mobwerezabwereza, ikukula mwachangu ndipo pafupifupi amasangalala ndi inflorescence yatsopano m'masabata a 4-6. Njira yomweyo ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati ochepera, maluwa ochepa kwambiri: kudulira kungalimbikitse maluwa ku eustomas ya m'munda.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya eustoma.
Kubalana wa eustoma
Ngakhale kuti eustoma imafalikira kudzera munjira zonse ndi mbewu ndi mbewu, pamlingo payekha, ndi njira yokhayo yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Eustoma akacheka mizu yovuta kwambiri, amafunikira mikhalidwe yokhazikika komanso yoyendetsedwa bwino, ndipo njirayi nthawi zambiri imangotsalira zosankha zokha.
Eustoma ili ndi gawo limodzi lomwe limasinthanitsa ukadaulo wonse waulimi: mbewu za chomerazi ndizapamwamba. 1 g ili ndi mbeu pafupifupi 15000-25000, ndipo ngati mukufuna kugula mbande za eustoma zopangidwa ndi kukonzekera, koma kuti mukule bwino izi, ndibwino kuti musankhe njere za granular nthawi yomweyo. Ndiosavuta kusamalira, ndipo kufesa pafupipafupi ndikosavuta kuyilamulira.
Mbewu za Eustoma zimafesedwa mkati mwa March. Koma ngati mukufuna kutulutsa maluwa pakati pa chilimwe, osati mu Ogasiti, ndiye kuti kufesa kuyenera kusunthidwa kuFebruwari ngakhale Januware. Ngati mbewu yakula m'chipinda, nthawi yobzala imatha kusintha malingana ndi nthawi yomwe maluwa amafunikira (mwachitsanzo, kuphuka nthawi yachisanu, eustoma iyenera kufesedwa kumapeto kwa Julayi, Ogasiti kapena koyambirira kwa Seputembala).
Nthaka yothilitsidwa yokha yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pachomera. Mosiyana ndi ntchentche zambiri, ma eustomas sanabzalidwe m'chidebe chimodzi, koma mumiphika yaying'ono yokhala ndi bowo labwino lokwanira kuti lithetsere madzi ochepa. Mbewu ziyenera kumwazika pamtunda wosalala popanda kuphimba. Kumera kumachitika pamtunda wokhazikika wa 23-25 degrees Celsius (kuchepetsa kololedwa mpaka madigiri 18-20 usiku). Tsiku lililonse, mbewu zimawongoleredwa m'mawa ndi madzulo, ndipo chinyezi chokhazikika chimasungidwa ndikuthilira kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Ndondomeko ya kutuluka kwa mbande imatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri, koma kumayambiriro kokukula kwa eustomas kumakula pang'onopang'ono. Kuteteza ku miyendo yakuda panthawiyi, ndibwino kupopera mbande zokhala ndi phytosporin, kuti tipewe kusokonezeka kwa mbewu ndi kutaya kwa mbewu, muteteze mphukira zazing'ono kuti zisawombe mwachindunji. Kutola kumachitika mu zotengera zokha pokhapokha ngati ma sheet a 6,6 awonekera. Pambuyo pothira, mbewuzo zimathiriridwa madzi pang'ono, ndipo kuyambira tsiku lakhumi kuchokera ku chosankhacho, zimayambitsidwa mu pulogalamu yodyetsa feteleza ndi feteleza wathunthu wamafuta. Mukamasula tsamba 7-8, kumtunda kwa kumatulira tchire kuyenera kudina pang'onopang'ono.
Mbewu za Eustoma zobisika panthaka kapena miphika za m'munda zimalekeredwa pokhapokha ngati kuzizira kwa chisanu kuzimiririka, osati kumapeto kwa Meyi ndi kuyamba kwa Juni.
Mukabzala mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha, kufesa kutha kuchitika mwachindunji m'nthaka. Mbewu sizabalazika, kenako mphukira zimadulidwa kuti pakati pa mbewuzo pakhale mtunda wa masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Mukafesa m'nthaka, kutentha kumakhala kofunikira:
- ngati kumera kumachitika madigiri 23-25, ndiye kuti eucoma idzaphuka mchaka chomwecho;
- ngati matenthedwe anali okwera, ndiye kuti angangopanga maluwa okongola masamba, koma adzaphuka ngati biennium, mchaka chachiwiri chokha chaulimi.
