Momwe mungakulire gloxinia kuchokera kumbewu kunyumba

Gloxinia ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri omwe anthu ambiri amakula. Ali ndi utoto wosiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe a duwa. Gloxinia ndi dzina lodziwika bwino, mwasayansi limamveka ngati Sinningia. Chomera kuchokera ku banja la Gesneriev, chomwe chili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 60. Ganizirani momwe mungakulire kuchokera ku mbewu kunyumba.

Mtundu wofala kwambiri

Cofala kwambiri chinali mtundu umodzi wokha - Sinningia wokongola. Mtunduwu ndi kholo kuti lipangidwe mitundu yambiri yamakono, yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yamaluwa.

Mutha kugula maluwa oterowo pafupifupi m'malo ogulitsira maluwa kapena pakatikati pa munda. Komabe, siyotsika mtengo. Koma pali njira ina. Chitha kukula maluwa odabwitsa awa, makamaka popeza ma hyxinia ochulukana m'munda wamalonda ndi okulirapo kuposa mbewu zachikulire kale.

Ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Gloxinia the Perfect yomwe imapanga maziko a maluwa ambiri

Kuphatikiza apo, phukusi limodzi pamakhala mbewu zingapo kuyambira 3 mpaka 5, kutengera wopanga. Chifukwa chake, aliyense angathe kusankha gloxinia momwe angafunire. Ndipo ngati mukufuna nthawi yokhala ndi maluwa, ndiye kuti ukukula gloxinia pafupifupi yangwiro.

Kufalitsa kwamasamba a Gloxinia

Kutulutsa maluwa pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi ndikosavuta kwambiri, komanso koyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba. Pakufalikira kwamasamba, gawo lina la mbewu limatengedwa, kutengera njira, lingathe kufaliridwa ndi masamba odulidwa, kudulidwa kwa tsinde, kudutsa kwa mizu ndi kugawa kwa tuber.

Njira yobadwirayi imabala zipatso, chifukwa nthawi ikubwera mutha kuwona maluwa. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa chakuti kale gawo loyambira la chomera idyani zakudya zokwanirakomanso macro ndi micronutrients.

Mbali yabwino ya duwa ikafikika, imayamba kupanga mizu yaying'ono ndikukula. Chifukwa chake, njirayi ndi yoyenera pafupifupi aliyense, ngakhale kwa oyambitsa wamaluwa ndi amateurs okha.

Leti petiole

Panjira iyi, masamba otsika ayenera kutengedwa, Amapangidwa bwino kuposa ana. Makulidwe amtunduwo, amakula msanga komanso bwino. Popeza ili ndi michere yambiri. Komanso, mapangidwe kukula kwa tuber zimatengera makulidwe a petiole.

Pali njira ziwiri zofalitsira pogwiritsa ntchito masamba petiole.

M'madzi

Kuti muchite izi, petiole imayenera kumizidwa m'madzi, koma osaposa masentimita 1-2, popeza pakalibe mpweya wokwanira m'madzi, petiole imangoyamba kuvunda. Chifukwa chake petiole iyenera kuyima mpaka itapangika mizu yaying'ono, ndiye iyenera kuti ibzalidwe m'nthaka yachilengedwe yopanda masentimita atatu kapena atatu.

Chonde dziwani kuti kumiza kwambiri m'madzi kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa odulidwa.

Ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa chinyontho m'nthaka, monga mbewu zam'tsogolo zam'mera, zomwe sizinapangidwe bwino mizu, ndipo amatha kuwuma. Pankhaniyi, ndibwino kuphimba mphikawo ndi petiole ndi thumba lowonekera kapena mtsuko.

Izi zimathandizira chisamaliro munthawi yoyambirira ndikupanga mawonekedwe abwino a mbewu.

M'dothi

Munjira yachiwiri, petiole ikhoza kumizidwa mu mtundu wina wa chodzikitsira muzu (muzu, heteroauxin, ndi zina) kapena makala pamoto wamafuta ndikuwoka m'nthaka. Kuchokera kumwamba ndizothekanso kuphimba ndi thumba kapena mtsuko.

Kuti mizu ndi mapangidwe a tuber zitheke moyenera momwe mungathere, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kutentha kwa boma. Kutentha kuyenera kuchokera pa 22 digiri Celsius. Malinga ndi lamulo ili, petiole imatha kuzika mizu iwiri kapena itatu yoyambirira, ndiye kuti chitha kuchotsedwa.

Kuphimba duwa ndi phukusi kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kutentha kokhazikika

Ngati mukufuna kuchokera ku petiole osati imodzi, koma mbewu ziwiri, ndiye ndikofunikira gawani motalikirana pawiri. Koma nthawi yomweyo, timinofu tating'onoting'ono timakhala ocheperako, ngakhale kuti patapita nthawi apeza kuchuluka kofunikira, chipiriro chachikulu.

Momwe mungakulire kuchokera pa tsinde

Ma Gloxinia tubers amatha kupanga mphukira zamtsogolo. Mphukira zotere zikawoneka, zolimba kwambiri zimasiyidwa ndikuphulika. Tsamba loterolo kwenikweni ndi mbewu yosiyana, koma popanda mizu.

Mizu imachitika chimodzimodzi ndi masamba a petioles. Ndi mizu yoyenera komanso chisamaliro choyenera, maluwa amatha kukwaniritsidwa chaka chino.

Tsamba lofiirira

Itha kuchitika motere:

• Dulani imodzi ya masamba akulu pakusintha kwa petiole. Kutembenuza tsamba tsamba, muyenera kupanga incaring pamitsempha yayikulu. Tsamba loterolo liyenera kuyikidwa dothi lonyowa ndikupanga kutentha kwambiri (+ 25) ndi chinyezi kwambiri (osati chotsika kuposa 70%).

M'malo odula, mizu yaying'ono, kenako mafupa, amapangika pakapita nthawi.

• Dulani pepala lalikulu kwambiri ndikugawa magawo awiri kapena atatu. Ndikosavuta kupatulira tsamba tsamba m'mitsempha. Kenako magawo omwe adalandidwa adabzalidwa dothi kapena osakaniza dothi ndikuphimbidwa ndi zotetezera kuti chinyontho chizikhala chokhazikika komanso kutentha.

Zomera zimatha kukhala m'nthaka kuwonjezera peat, coconut, vermiculite kapena perlite. Amawonjezeredwa kuti dothi lipume, ndikupanga ma pores a kukula komwe mukufuna. Ndi dothi losabala, ndipo tinthu tating'onoting'ono timatha kukhala m'nthaka, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa tsamba.

Maluwa

Ndi njira yofalitsira iyi, peduncle imagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zatha. Ndikofunikira kudula peduncle pamunsi ndikuyiyika mu chidebe chamadzi. Kuzama sikuyenera kupitirira masentimita 1-1,5. Phata la maluwa sayenera kukhudza makoma a chotengera.

Pambuyo pokhazikika m'madzi, peduncle imabzalidwe pansi ndikutsatira zonse

Pansi pa izi, peduncle imatha kutulutsa mizu, ndiye muyenera kuichita nayo chimodzimodzi monga momwe timakhalira ndi tsamba petiole. Ikani dothi ndikupanga zofunikira zonse.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kutali ndi mitundu yonse ndi ma hybrids a gloxinia ali ndi kubereka mwanjira imeneyi. Chifukwa chake, kufalikira kwa peduncle pamafunika kudziwa komanso kuwona.

Tuber

Ngati tuber ya maluwa ndi yayikulu mokwanira, ndiye kuti itha kugawidwa m'magawo angapo, koma pafupipafupi. Chofunikira ndicho kukhalapo kwa mphukira zovomerezeka pa tuber. Osachepera 1 wopulumuka wotere ayenera kukhalapo pagawo logawikana.

Kukonzekera kwa Tuber
Malo opatula	Ndikofunikira kuwaza ndi makala opera ndikudikirira mpaka kumira. Kuchita izi zimatenga pafupifupi masiku 3-5
Kusunga	Pamalo amdima kutentha
Kuwulula ndi chisamaliro	Pambuyo pake, tuber yokhala ndi mphukira imabzalidwa m'nthaka yaz michere. Kusamalanso monga chomera chachikulire.

Kubala kwakukulu - Kubzala mbewu

Njira yofalitsira imaphatikizapo kukula kuchokera ku mbewu. Imachitika motere:

Kukonzekera kwa mbewu

Kuti zimere bwino, njere zimatha kunyowa m'madzi, momwe mumatha kuwonjezera chimodzi chodziwika kukonzekera kwa chomera.

Mutha kuwira m'madzi ofunda ndi kutentha mpaka 40 digiri Celsius. Kuchita kotereku kumafewetsa chipolopolo cha mbewu ndikuthandizira kukondoweza kwa machitidwe a moyo. Mbewu siziyenera kumizidwa m'madzi. Pakakhala mpweya, amatha kuumba ndi kuvunda. Chifukwa chake, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mapira a thonje kapena gauze.

Kufesa

Ngati muli ndi phytolamp, yomwe idapangidwa kuti iwalikire zomera, ndiye kuti kufesa kutha kuchitika kumapeto kwa Januware kapena koyambirira kwa February. Pankhani ina ntchito ikuchitika mu March.

Mbewu zofesedwa pamanja. Popeza ndizochepa kwambiri, zimafunikira kufesedwa pamtunda. Mbewu zimamera m'kuwala. Gawo laling'ono lofesa liyenera kukhala lonyowa, ndipo pofuna kukonza kulumikizana kwa mbeu ndi nthaka, amafunika kukanikizidwa pang'ono. Kenako kuphimba ndi thumba kapena filimu yowonekera.

Poterepa, mphika ungathenso kuphimbidwa ndi cellophane kuti ukhale kutentha.

Mbewu zimayikidwa pamalo owala komanso otentha. Kutentha kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 24 ndi 25 degrees. Zikatero, kumera kwa nyemba kumayambira pafupifupi masabata 1.5 mpaka 2. Ngati kutentha kumakhala kotsika kuposa koyenera, ndiye kumera zibwera mwezi umodzi wokha ndi zina zambiri.

Sankhani

Kutola koyamba kwa ma glxin kumachitika pafupifupi mwezi umodzi kuchokera masamba oyambira (cotyledons). Njira yabwino yosankhira mbewu ndi 2 ndi 2 cm. Dothi la izi liyenera kukhala lopepuka komanso lowoneka bwino.

Kutola kwachiwiri kumachitika patatha mwezi umodzi woyambapomwe mapepala enieni amawonekera. Ngati mbande zachepetsedwa, ndiye kuti mbande ziyenera kuthandizidwa mwachangu kukhala miphika yaying'ono. Miphika yoyenera ya cacti.

Kusankha kofunikira kwa mbiya yachiwiri - miphika yaying'ono yowonekera

Kutentha sikuyenera kutsika kuposa madigiri 20. Pambuyo kuwonekera kwa magulu awiri azipepala zenizeni, mutha kuziika kale pamalo okhazikika.

Pofuna kuti asankhe gawo la tsamba la cotyledon, mbewu zimafunikira kubzala pamtunda wa masentimita 4 kupatula wina ndi mnzake. Pakaphuka masamba angapo owona, gloxinia ikhoza kubzalidwa nthawi yomweyo mumphika waukulu pamalo okhazikika.

Zikhalidwe atabzala

Chisamaliro chotsatira cha gloxinia chimakhala pakuwunika maulamuliro a kutentha, pamene kuli kofunikira kuwunika momwe nthaka ili pansi, iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse. Musalole kuti dothi liume nthawi yotukuka mbewu, apo ayi mbande zitha kufa. Amamva kwambiri.

Pofuna kuphukira mbande, mbewu zizikhala pamalo owala bwino. Gawo la mlengalenga wa gloxinia munthawi yoyambira kukula silingawonetse kukula kwamphamvu, popeza tuber imakula ndi iyo, Izi ziyeneranso kulingaliridwa mukamakula.

Kuchita mopambanitsa kumapangitsa duwa kudwala ndi zowola kapena fusarium

Masamba sayenera kukumana ndi dothi, ndipo tuber sayenera kuyang'ana pang'ono. Kuthirira pansi pa mizu, kupewa kugwera pamasamba. Nthaka sikuyenera kukhala yothinitsidwa mopitilira muyeso kuti musawononge dzuwa mwachindunji pama masamba a gloxinia.

Nthawi yopumula ya Gloxinia

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu pakukula kwa gloxinia ndi nthawi yopuma ya duwa. Ngati vuto lalikulu silikumana, ndiye kuti mbewuyo ipereka yankho (basi sizingakhale pachimake).

Zima nyengo yachisanu ku gloxinia imayamba mozungulira kugwa, itatha. Pakadali pano, duwa limachedwetsa kukula kwake, masamba amasanduka achikaso ndikuuma. Maluwa samangidwa.

Musayese kumenya mantha ngati masamba a duwa agwa - mwina mbewuyo ikupuma

Kuti apange mikhalidwe yoyenera, ndikofunikira kudula masamba, kotero mphamvu zonse za duwa zidzatsogozedwa pakuphatikizidwa kwa michere mu tuber, zomwe zimathandizira kuti nyengo yachisanu izikhala yabwino.

Nthawi yabwino yochitira opareshoni iyi pakati pa Okutobala ndipo kumayambiriro kwa Novembala.

Ma gloxinia ena omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira chaka chimodzi safuna kupita kukapuma. Poterepa, muyenera kuthandiza chomera. Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuthirira, ikani chomera pamalo ozizira komanso pang'ono pang'ono.

Chomera chikachepetsa kukula, chitha kuchotsedwa kuti chisungidwe. Sungani tuber pachomera 12-16 Celsius.

Kudzuka kwa Tuber

Gloxinia ikhoza kupuma kuyambira 1 mpaka 5 miyezi. Atadutsa mphindi iyi, tubers amayamba kudzuka ndikuwaphukira. Nthawi yokhazikika yodzutsa glxinia ndi febru-Marichi.

Podzuka, maluwa amayamba kuphukira zatsopano

Zomwe zikachitika kuti ma gloxinia tuber sanadzuke (mwachitsanzo, mpaka Meyi), ndiye kuti ndizofunikira kuchita izi m'njira yopanga. Mizu ya duwa liyenera kuyikidwa mu thumba lowoneka bwino, ndikuthira dothi lomanga pamenepo m'malo opepuka.

Chikwama chizikhala pamalo owunikira okwanira, kuwongolera dzuwa sikuyenera kuloledwa.. Pakadutsa milungu iwiri yotsatira, mphukira zazing'ono zimawonekera pa tuber.

Tizilombo titafota, timatha kutsukidwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu wothandizila kupha tizilomboto, kuchotsa mizu yakale, koma muyenera kusiya makulidwe awo. Kenako ibzalani m'nthaka pamalo okhazikika.

Monga tanena kale, tuber siitha kuwaza konse ndi dothi, 1 cm zokha. Mphukirawo imagwiranso ntchito. Poyamba, kuthirira kumayenera kukhala kokulirapo, kuti tuber isavunda.

Ngati mphukira zingapo zikuwoneka, tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha zolimba kwambiri, zotsalazo - chotsani mizu

Ngati tuber sinapangidwe kamodzi koma mphukira zingapo, ndiye kuti ndibwino kusiya mwamphamvu. Zomera zidzachulukane, ndipo maluwa amakula. Kudula zophukira kumatha kuzika mizu ndi zodula malinga monga njira tafotokozera pamwambapa.

Okonda makamaka amakula gloxinia kuti apeze mbewu zokhala ndi maluwa okongola ndikufalitsa zina pogwiritsa ntchito njira yobzala. Akatswiri polima duwa akhoza kutenga mbewu zawomotero kutsogoza kusankha kwa gloxinia.

Nthawi yomweyo, akatswiri amadziwa kale zonse zomwe zimachitika pang'onopang'ono kukula ndi kubereka ndipo atha kuthana ndi mavuto mosavuta popita. Kwa mbewu, mphindi zazing'ono ngati izi zimatha kuchita gawo lalikulu, kwa iwo chilichonse chimayenera kuchitidwa munthawi yake, ndipo nthawi zina zochitika zochepa.

Kubzala mbewu sikothandiza kwa oyamba kumene, chifukwa zimafunikira chidziwitso chochulukirapo komanso maluso pakusamalira maluwa

Kukula kwa nthanga ndi njira yovuta kwambiri komanso yowononga nthawi kuposa nthawi yomwe mwakula. Ngati pali tuber nthawi zina nthawi yochepetsedwa yopanga mphukira zatsopanokomanso kuchepetsedwa chisamaliro chomera.

Ngati maluwa okongola amakondana nanu kwambiri, phunzirani za kukulitsa maluwa ena. Mwachitsanzo, tidakambirana za momwe tingalere Dracaena kunyumba. Kukula mbewu za gloxinia kumafuna chidziwitso ndi maluso ena. Koma ngati mulidi wokonda dimba, ndiye kuti ingakhale nthawi yosangalatsa.