Cherry maula ndi mtundu woyamba wa maula. Cherry maula ali ndi mayina ena: kufalikira kwa maula kapena kufinya. Uwu ndiwunda wapadera wa plums zamtchire. Mtengo wa zipatso ndi wa Plum ya mtundu. Imagawidwa makamaka ku Caucasus, Asia Little ndi Iran. Cherry maula ndi mtengo wokonda kuwala, wolekerera chilala ndipo umakula bwino panthaka zosalowerera ndale. Kutalika, mtengo wachikulire ukufika 13 metres. Pafupifupi, maula a Cherry amakhala zaka 45, koma oimilira azaka 60 zamtunduwu amapezekanso. Kubwezeretsanso mtengowo ndizotheka zonse mothandizidwa ndi njere ndi kuyala. Mbande zatsopano zimapezekanso pogwiritsa ntchito katemera.
Kufotokozera kwa zipatso za chitumbuwa
Cherry maula maula bwino, akhoza kukhala mbiya imodzi kapena mbiya zambiri. Nyengo yabwino yam'mwera yakum'mwera imalola kuti mtengowu ukhale wautali wa 15 mita. Kumpoto, maula amtengo wapatali amangofikira mamitala 4-5. Nthawi zina chomera chimawoneka ngati chitsamba chachikulu.
Damu la thunthu la mitengo ya akulu ndi pafupifupi theka la mita. Mitengo imakhala ndi kozungulira, kumera, nthawi zambiri korona wowonda. Mphukira ndi zofiirira zofiirira, zimakhala ndi spines. Dongosolo la mizu ya Cheramu ndiwopamwamba, pamadothi otayirira limakhala lakuya mpaka 12 metres, ndipo owuma sawalola kupitilira kupitirira 2 metres. Mizu imakonda kupitilira korona wamtengowo, kufalikira mpaka ma 10 metres. Mphukira yamizu sizipangidwa kawirikawiri ngati mizu yake iwonongeka.
Tsamba la chitumbuwa chobiriwira limakhala lobiriwira nthawi yachilimwe komanso yachikasu yophukira, yopanda chowongoka kapena chowumbidwa ndi cholowera pamwamba, 4 cm kutalika.
Maluwa a Cherry maula amatha kukhala oyera kapena kukhala ndi pinki. Chilichonse chogwiritsa ntchito chimakhala ndi maluwa amodzi. Dongosolo la maluwa ndi 20-40 mm. Zikuphulika pachaka komanso kusangalatsa kwambiri. Maluwa amayamba nthawi yomweyo ndi kutulutsa masamba kapena ngakhale kale. Pakadali pano mitengoyo imakongoletsa kwambiri. Maluwa amayamba kumayambiriro kwa Meyi ndipo amakhala kwa sabata limodzi, nthawi zina masiku angapo. Mukugwa, mutha kuwonanso kutalika kwa mtengowo, koma ndiwofowoka ndipo ndikosowa.
Cherry maula ndiosiyana ndi ena chifukwa amasimba mofulumira. Mitengo imayamba kubala zipatso mchaka chachitatu mutabzala. Mitundu yambiri, masamba omwe ali ndi maluwa amaikidwa koyambirira kwa chitukuko. Mawonekedwe a zipatso za chitumbuwa ndi ozungulira, nthawi zina amakulungika kapena kupindika, ndipo ndikungoyikapo zipatso zochepa. Zomera zakutchire, zipatso zimabwera kuchokera 3 mpaka 6 g, ndi mbewu zobzalidwa - kakhumi. Guwa la chipatso limakhala lamadzi, nthawi zina limasinthasintha mosasinthika, wobiriwira wachikaso kapena wapinki, wokoma ndi wowawasa. Mtundu wa chipatso umatengera mitundu, umasiyana kuchokera kubiriwira-chikaso mpaka red-violet komanso ngakhale wakuda. Zipatso za maula a chitumbuwa zimaphimbidwa ndi zovala zoyera za waxy. Cherry maula amapezeka mu Ogasiti-Seputembala.
Kugwiritsa ntchito chitumbuwa cha cherry
Plimi yamatchire yamtchire imafalikira osati m'dziko lakwawo, ku Transcaucasia, komanso madera akuluakulu kuchokera kumapiri a Alps mpaka kumpoto kwa mapiri a Himalaya. Mtengowu umakula makamaka munthambi ndi m'nkhalango za zitsamba m'mphepete mwa mtsinje. Kuyambira kale wamkulu m'minda. Chipatsochi chinayamba kudyedwa m'zaka za zana loyamba AD.
Chifukwa chotsika kwambiri chisanu, mpaka posachedwa, maula a chitumbuwa adangofalikira kokha m'malo omwe kumatentha. Komabe, masiku ano, obereketsa abereka mitundu yatsopano yomwe siigwirizana ndi chisanu ndi kulekerera nyengo yozizira yaku Russia konse kumadzulo kwa dzikolo komanso m'maiko apakati komanso ngakhale kumadera a Far East. Achiberekero adalandira mitundu yodula kuchokera ku maula aku China, omwe saopa kutentha pang'ono komanso amalolera chisanu mpaka -50 ° C.
Zipatso za chitumbuwa maula ndizabwino kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa. Amadyedwa mwachindunji, kapena kuphika, kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati compotes ndi kusunga. Msuzi ndi zokometsera zimapangidwanso kuchokera ku zipatso.
Mitengo yokongoletsera kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe. Mitundu yokhala ndi masamba opindika omwe ali ndi korona wolira kapena piramidi ndioyenera izi. Citric acid imapangidwa pamalonda kuchokera ku maula obiriwira. Zipatso zosapsa zimakhala ndi zochuluka (mpaka 14% youma). Njira iyi yopangira citric acid ndiyosavuta ndipo imasiyana m'njira zotsika mtengo.
Cherry maula sakukhudzika ndi dothi ndipo amalekerera chilala bwino. Ayamba kubereka zipatso ali aang'ono, kupereka chaka chilichonse zipatso zambiri, mpaka 300 kg pa mtengo uliwonse. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya mbewuyi imakhalanso nthawi yayitali komanso yopanga zipatso. Kuchokera pa zaka 45-60 za moyo, zaka 20-25 zikukula.
Koma ndi izi zonse zabwino, chitumbuwa chamtengo wapatali chimakhala ndi zovuta zake. Zidakali zabwino kwambiri nthawi yozizira. Kutentha kochepa kumathandizira kuwonongeka kwa nkhuni. Ndipo kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali kumapangitsa kuti chomera chikayambire kupumula kwakanthawi. Chifukwa cha izi, impso zodzuka zimagunda ndikubwerera kozizira. Nthawi zambiri, mitengo yodziyimira ya cherry imabala. Chifukwa chake, kuti pakhale zokolola zabwino, ndikofunikira kubzala mitengo 2-3.
Zosiyanasiyana za chitumbuwa
Monga tanena kale, chitumbuwa cha chitumbuwa chili ndi mayina angapo. Yoyamba mwa iwo - kufalitsa maula - imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza maula, chachiwiri - maula-ngati maula - kwa mbewu zomwe zimalimidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mitundu itatu ya maula a chitumbuwa, osiyana wina ndi mnzake. Mitundu yoyambayo imakhala yachilengedwe, yotchedwanso Caucasian. Lachiwiri ndi lakum'mawa, kapena la ku Central Asia. Lachitatu ndi lalikulu-zipatso. Magawo awiri oyambilira ali ndi mitundu yazomera. Njira zachitatu ndizobzala mitengo ya m'munda. Koma plum yayikulu-zipatso zambiri imakhala ndi mitundu yambiri. Onsewa amadalira dera lomwe chikhalidwe chake chimakulidwa. Kugawidwa kotereku kumatsimikizira mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a mbewu, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zolinga zawo kuti zikulidwe m'dera linalake. Mwachitsanzo, ma plamu aku Georgia amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira sosi, ndipo mitundu ya Crimea imakhala ndi zipatso zazikulu komanso kununkhira kwapamwamba kwambiri.
Cherry plum pissard ndi yabwino kuteteza malo. Imagunda ndimaso amitundu yayikulu-pinki pachilichonse, kaya ndi maluwa kapena masamba. Komabe, nthumwi za mitundu iyi zilinso ndi zipatso zazikulu ndipo zimakoma bwino.
Mitundu yambiri yanyumba ya chitumbuwa, yomwe imakhala ndi zipatso zazikulu, idapezeka kuchokera ku Crimea chitumbuwa. Zipatso za mitundu iyi zimatha kukhala ndi mitundu ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana: kuchokera wachikaso mpaka wofiyira komanso wofiirira-wakuda. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kapangidwe kazinthu kazipatsozo zimatengera mtundu wake.
Zipatso za Cheramu maula zimakhala ndi mavitamini osiyanasiyana komanso zimathandiza polimbana ndi matenda ambiri.
Kupindula kwapadera kwa obereketsa ndi mitundu yambiri ya maula, yomwe imakhala ndi mawonekedwe. Mitundu iyi ndi yaying'ono, kulibe nthambi za mtengowo, ndipo zipatso zimamera pamtengo. Mtengo wotere sufuna malo ambiri, ndipo ndiwothekanso kukolola kuchokera pamenepo. Kuphatikiza apo, kufunika kwa kudulira kulibe.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuzindikira chinthu chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri chomera: imatha kuwoloka ndi mbewu zokhudzana, ndikupeza ana ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, nectarine ndi wosakanizira wosakanizidwa wa maula wamatumbo ndi pichesi. Chuma chofanana ndi chitumbuwa chambiri chimalola obereketsa kupanga zikhalidwe za interspecific hybrids.
