Kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, pelargoniums omwe amakula ngati nyumba komanso mbewu zam'munda zimakondweretsa eni omwe ali ndi ziphuphu zobiriwira za inflorescence, amapirira zovuta zonse komanso amakula bwino, amangofunika chisamaliro chochepa komanso chisamaliro chophweka. Koma nthawi zina okonda maluwa akunyumba amadandaula kuti pelargonium ikusiya kukongola, imakana kuphuka, ndipo masamba ake amasanduka achikasu ndikuuma. Kodi chingapangitse khalidweli kukhala ndi chiyani? Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani pelargonium imatembenuza masamba achikasu?
Zolakwika zomwe zimayambitsa chikasu cha masamba a pelargonium
Kusintha kwamtundu wa masamba, kuopsa kwake ndi mtundu wachikasu - izi ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri chazomera. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo zosasangalatsazi. Ndipo pakati podziwikiratu - izi ndi zolakwika za chisamaliro zomwe zidatsogolera kufooka kwa chitsamba:
- Poto yocheperako chomera, pomwe mizu idakhazikika kale ndi buku lonse lomwe limawakonzera, ndipo pelargonium imasowa chinyontho ndi zakudya.
- Kutsirira koperewera, komwe sikumapereka chofunikira chomera chinyontho ndikuwongoletsa chikaso m'mphepete, kenako kuwuma masamba.
- Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'nthaka kumatha kubweretsa zotsatirapo zowopsa - kuwonongeka ndi kutayika kwa mizu. Ndipo pamenepa, masamba a pelargonium amatembenukira chikasu vuto likasinthika kwambiri.
- Masamba achikasu a masamba akuluakulu ndi chizindikiro kwa wophunzitsira kuti pelargonium imafunikira zovala zambiri, ndipo chitsambachiyenera kuthira umuna osati potaziyamu, nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous, komanso mavitamini akuluakulu.
Zilinso zowopsa kwa pelargoniums ndi tizirombo tomwe timamera ponseponse pamtunda komanso m'nthaka.
Nthawi zambiri, tizilombo timavutika ndi ma geraniums omwe adalimidwa m'munda muchilimwe kapena m'mabokosi apakhonde.
Pansi pa izi, kumbuyo kwa masamba ndi ma sinuses, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zotumphukira zimatha kupezeka kuti zimadya pazomera ndikukhala chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe masamba amasinthira chikasu pachithonje. M'mundamo, m'malo omwe muli dothi lolemera, lonyowa, mapesi amadzimadzi a pelargonium amakopa slugs. Udzu ndi inflorescence zimavutika ndi mbozi ndi masamba a masamba.
Othandizira kuphatikiza tiziromboti ndi monga tizirombo tothandiza kuphatikiza tizirombo ndi mankhwala ophera tizirombo tomwe tili ndi mankhwala apadera. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ngati pelargonium idagwidwa ndi nematode okhala pansi. Zikatero, mbewuyo imafooka, kufota, masamba ake amakhala ocheperako, ndipo mawonekedwe a nodas omwe ali ndi majeremusi amawonekera pamizu. Pofuna kupewa tizilombo ku pelargonium, mbewu zimangodzalidwa m'nthaka yotsala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Muyezo womwewo uthandizira kuchepetsa mwayi wopatsira tchire matenda a bacteria, virus, ndi fungus oopsa kwa pelargonium.
Pelargonium-kufooketsa zoopsa
Kuphatikiza pa nthaka yopanda chonde, kufalikira kwa matenda kumathandizira:
- kuchulukana kwa nthaka kapena umphawi;
- kusowa kwa kuwala ndi mpweya wokhala ndi zochulukitsa zobzala;
- kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi herbicides;
- chilengedwe cha acidic chomwe sichimalola kuti chomera chilandire kuchuluka kwa michere ndi michere;
- nitrogen yambiri mu feteleza;
- kuwonongeka kwa mizu ndi gawo lobiriwira la pelargonium, mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pakuwonjezera.
Zinthu zonsezi zimafooketsa mbewu, zomwe zimasanduka tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Kodi matenda a pelargonium ali ndi matenda otani, ndipo angathane nawo bwanji?
Matenda a Pelargonium: zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe
Ngati mikhalidwe yomwe ikukula ndikuwoneka ngati tizirombo ta pelargonium ikuphwanyidwa mwachangu komanso mwachangu, ndiye kuti matenda omwe ali m'magawo oyamba amabisika ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali sadzipangitsa okha kumva.
Gray zowola za pelargonium
Zotsatira zamatenda a zomera ndi bowa Botrytis cinerea, masamba, nsonga za mitengo ndi inflorescence adakutidwa ndi imvi malo ophimbidwa ndi penti pansi. Komanso, matenda a pelargonium, monga pachithunzichi, amatha kuthana ndi duwa pamlingo wina wotukuka, nthawi yonse ya maluwa komanso nthawi ya matalala. Masamba ofiira amtunduwu amawonekera pamalopo, omwe amawoneka bwino pamasamba chifukwa cha mphete zofiirira.
Amakhudzidwa ndi matendawa, monga momwe chithunzi, pelargoniums amatsitsa masamba omwe mafangayi amagwera pamasamba ndi panthaka. Ngati njira zachangu sizitengedwa, kufalikira kwa imvi sikutha mpaka mphukira. Kukula kwa matendawa kumathandizira kuti chinyezi chiwonjezeke komanso chisamaliro chosakwanira.
Muzu Mzere kapena Mwendo Wakuda
Kuwonongeka kwa gawo lakumunsi kwa tsinde ndi gawo la mizu, komwe kumakwiyitsa kufalikira kwa bvuto lomwe ndi loyipa Pythium ndi Rhizoctonia kuchokera kumbali kwa wolimayo, likuwoneka ngati:
- chikaso cha masamba a pelargonium;
- kufota mphukira;
- kufooka kwa mbewu;
- kuyimitsidwa kwa kukula kwake.
Kufalikira kwa bowa kumayambitsa kuwonongeka koyimitsidwa ndi tsinde pansi, pomwe, ndi chinyezi chowonjezereka, maonekedwe a imvi kapena yoyera ndikuonekera. Matani amasintha kapangidwe kake, kunyowa, kutuluka, ndi mbali zonse za chomera pamwamba pa malo owola amalephera kulandira chinyontho ndi zakudya.
Mizu yowonongeka imakhala yosalimba, kusandulika bulauni, madzimadzi ndikupita necrosis. Kuchokera ku matendawa, monga chithunzi, pelargonium imakonda kukhudzidwa ali mwana. Makamaka omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matendawa ndiwodulidwa omwe amakhala m'malo owuma kwambiri. Zomera chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa bowa zimafooka mwachangu ndikufa.
Pelargonium bakiteriya matenda kapena gummosis
Hommosis kapena tsamba la bakiteriya limayenda limodzi ndi masamba, komanso kuwola ndi zimayambira.
Matenda a Pelargonium, monga pachithunzichi, amawonekera msanga ndipo amatsimikizika ndi chidwi cha masamba ndi mawanga a bulauni pakati pamitsempha, ndipo amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Xanthomonas campestris. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimatha kuwoneka kumbuyo kwa masamba, ndipo matendawo akamakula, m'mphepete mwa masamba amawuma, mitsempha imakhala yakuda.
Matendawa akakula, chomera cha pelargonium chimafota, ndipo mphukira zimafalikira pang'onopang'ono. Kusala sikumakhudzanso masamba, koma thunthu lonse. Mosiyana ndi mwendo wakuda, zowola pamenepa ndi zouma. Chovuta chazovuta pakuwona mabakiteriya ndikuti matenda amtundu wa pelargonium ali ndi zizindikiro zofowoka ndi kuwonongeka kwa mbewu ndi tizilombo.
Mose akuwona pamasamba a pelargonium
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamatenda amtundu wa mosaic ndiofala kwambiri m'matumbo a pelargoniums, makamaka ngati mbewu zadzaza ndi chinyezi kwambiri.
Izi nthawi zina zimachitika m'malo obisalamo minda yamafalu, kumene maluwa otuwa amagwera pazenera la okonda wamba.
Dzala la tsamba la Pelargonium
Tsitsi lofiirira kapena lofiira pamiyeso ya masamba a pelargonium sikuti kufunikira kwa kuthirira ndi madzi osavomerezeka, koma chifukwa cha ntchito ya Puccinia pelargonii-zonalis fungi.
Kuchokera kunja, chithunzi cha matendawa chimawoneka ngati masamba a pelargonium akutembenukira chikasu, koma ngati mutayang'ana kumbuyo, mapira okhala ndi mabala okucha, omwe, atasweka, amapanga funde lotsatira la matenda, akuwoneka bwino. Ngati matendawa aganiza mwachizolowezi, masamba a pelargonium amatembenuka chikasu, ndiye kuti amagwa, ndipo matendawa amafalikira kumayambira.
Alternariosis ndi cercosporosis
M'matenda onse awiriwa, mawanga amtundu wamtambo amawoneka pa mbewu za pelargonium, minofu yomwe mkati mwake imakuma, ming'alu ndi zinyalala. Bowa woipa, yemwe amayambitsa vutoli, amakhala kumbuyo kwa masamba akale kwambiri, koma kenako matenda a pelargonium, pachithunzicho, amafalikira kwambiri. Kukula kwakukulu kwa matendawa kumawonetsedwa powunikira mitundu ya masamba ndi kutayika kwa masamba.
Pelargonium edema
Kuyika masamba ndi kuwongolera masamba kungathenso kuwonetsa edema yomwe imachitika nthawi yambiri kuthilira nthawi yochepa kutentha, nyengo yamitambo komanso nyengo zina sizili bwino pakukula kwa pelargonium.
Masamba a chlorine akamakula kumbuyo kwa tsamba, wopondayo amatha kuzindikira kuti amadzaza ndi chinyezi, kenako mawonekedwe ake amayamba, ndipo minofu yake imakhala ndi kankhumba. Ndiye chifukwa chake masamba a pelargonium amatembenuka achikasu ndikufa. Matendawa amakhala ndi chiopsezo chapadera ku zotumphukira za pelargonium ndi ma hybrids.
Momwe mungathane ndi matenda a pelargonium?
Malinga ndi malongosoledwe ndi chithunzi, zikuwonekeratu kuti matenda a pelargonium ndi owopsa bwanji kwa mbewu, koma momwe mungathanirane nawo kunyumba kapena m'munda?
Njira zonse zazikulu zothanirana ndi matenda oyamba ndi bakiteriya zimadalira pa chisamaliro chokwanira komanso kupewa.
Popeza munapanga malo abwino a pelargonium, mutha kuwateteza ku tizilombo ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana:
- Dothi la pelargonium sayenera kukhala wandiweyani komanso wonyowa mopitirira muyeso.
- Zomwe zimapezeka munthaka ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za mbewu ndikuyenera kukhala moyenera.
- Nitrogen ochulukirapo m'nthaka simnjira yabwino kwambiri yowonekera mukukula kwa pelargonium.
- Chomera chimafuna ngalande zabwino kuti madzi asasunthike komanso osapunthwitsa kukula kwa mizu.
- Ma Pelargoniums sakonda kuthirira komanso chinyezi pamasamba.
- Kuchulukana kwa malo obzala sikuyenera kuloledwa, apo ayi mbewu sizilandira mpweya, dothi silikuwulutsa.
- Kwa kubereka, zinthu zabwino zokha zimatengedwa.
- Nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa tchire imatsukidwa nthawi zonse zinyalala, namsongole, kumasula ndi mulch.
Ngati pelargonium akuwonetsa zizindikiro za matenda amodzi kapena ayi, sikulinso kofunika kungokhala ndi njira zodzitetezera. Pankhaniyi, matenda a pelargonium ayenera kumenyedwera pogwiritsa ntchito fungicides omwe alipo kale ndi njira zina zapadera.
