M'mayiko ambiri, chizindikiro cha Khrisimasi ndi mbewu yotchedwa poinsettia (Poinsettia pulcherrima). Chowonadi ndi chakuti mbewu yamkati iyi, kungoyambira tchuthi cha dzinja, imawoneka yochititsa chidwi kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi imeneyo imakongoletsedwa ndi moto wofiira wa "nyenyezi". Amatchedwa "Nyenyezi ya Betelehemu", komanso "Nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi".
Duwa ili ndi tsiku lalifupi. Motere, maluwa ake amawonedwa ndendende m'masiku achidule a nyengo yozizira. Poinsettia limamasula kuyambira 2 mpaka 6 milungu.
Chomera chobiriwira chotere monga poinsettia (Euphorbia chokongola kwambiri, Euphorbia pulcherrima) chikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi mtundu wa Euphorbia (Euphorbia) wa banja la Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae). Duwa ili limachokera ku Central America, komanso ku Mexico. Idalandira dzina lake lachilendo polemekeza Joel Poinsett, yemwe anali kazembe waku America ku Mexico. Anali iye amene mu 1825 anali woyamba kubweretsa poinsettia ku South South South America ndipo adadula mabotolo.
Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa mitundu yocheperako, yomwe ndi: spherical poinsettia, sparkling or chinysettia, Mile poinsettia, poinsettia wokongola, poinsettia wamkulu.
Kunyumba, duwa limamera ngati pachaka kapena chaka chimodzi. Mphukira zokhala ndi zowongoka. Nthawi zambiri, masamba amapaka utoto wobiriwira. Komabe, masamba a bicolor amapezekanso - ali ndi ulusi wopaka-kirimu, ndipo odulidwa amapaka utoto wofiirira. Maluwa omwe amatengedwa mu inflorescence ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo amapakidwa utoto wonyezimira.
Zomera zimayamba maluwa mu Disembala -Februwari kapena Januware. Maluwa ake aang'ono sindiwo phindu lalikulu la mbewuyo, koma imakhala mumabuliketi owala. Ma nsonga owala, opakidwa pinki, ofiira kapena oyera, siopanga masamba osinthidwa otchedwa bracts.
Broker amakhala ndi poinsettia kwa nthawi yayitali, kapena mwina miyezi iwiri mpaka itatu. Ngati mupereka duwa, muyenera kusankha imodzi yomwe masamba ake sanaphuke. Pankhaniyi, ma broker ochititsa chidwi amasangalatsa kukongola kwawo kosadziwika kwa nthawi yayitali.
Duwa ili, maluwa atatha, maluwa onse amawuluka mozungulira. Izi ndizabwinobwino, popeza poinsettia imayamba nthawi yopuma. Palibenso chifukwa chothamangira kutaya mphatso, chifukwa mbewu iyi idakalipo. Ngakhale kuti kumera kwa mphukira yopanda kanthu kumakhala kowoneka bwino, ngati duwa likhala litasungidwa chisanachitike nyengo yachisanu, itha kuphukiranso.
Mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewuyi, ma broker ali ndi mtundu wosiyana. Chifukwa chake, "Dorothy" wapakidwa utoto wa pinki, "Maberu a Jungle" - mawu awiri, "Emperor" ndi "Angelica" - ofiira, ndi "Regina" - ndi zonona kapena zoyera.
Kusamalira Poinsettia Panyumba
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti msuzi wa duwa ili ndi poyizoni. Musalole kuti zifike pakatikati kamaso ndi kupuma. Ngakhale zitachitika izi, ndiye kuti dera lomwe lakhudzidwalo liyenera kutsukitsidwa ndi madzi ambiri. Ngati mwakhala mukugwira ntchito ndi Punsettia, onetsetsani kuti mwasamba m'manja mokwanira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzikhala kutali ndi ana aang'ono ndi ziweto.
Mitundu yotentha
Sakonda kukonzekera komanso kutentha pang'ono. Osayika pafupi ndi mawindo otseguka, ndipo ngati kugula kwapangidwa nyengo yozizira, onetsetsani kuti mbewuyo yadzaza bwino kwambiri momwe mungathere. Pamene poinsettia limamasula, kutentha m'chipindacho sikuyenera kukhala kosakwana 16 madigiri. Komabe, kufunda kwambiri komanso chinyezi chochepa kumakhudzanso. Simalola kutentha kusinthasintha. Ngati china chake sichikumuyeneretsa, ndiye kuti kufota ndi kugwa kwamasamba kumayamba.
Kuwala
Pewani kuwala kwa dzuwa. Panthawi ya maluwa, kuyatsa kwabwino kumafunika. Pakadali pano, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyiyika pazenera lomwe lili kumwera-kummawa kapena kumwera kwa chipindacho. Munthawi yotentha, duwa limatha kusunthidwa kukhonde, koma limafunikira malo omwe amatetezedwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, mphepo komanso kusanja.
Momwe mungamwere
Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala ngati gawo lapansi. M'miyezi yotentha, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kochulukirapo. Osagwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira kwambiri kuthirira. Osaloleza kuthilira kwamadzi padziko lapansi, chifukwa izi zidzatsogolera pakupanga kuvunda pamizu. Zikakhala kuti, maluwa atasefukira, maluwa atayamba kufota, ndikofunika kuti muwonjezere gawo lina. Musaiwale kutsuka kaye mizu, kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya potaziyamu. Ngati kuli kotentha komanso kouma m'chilimwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nyowetsani poinsettia kuchokera mfuti yakufinya ndi madzi ofunda.
Momwe mungasinthire
Thirani ndikuchitika mu Meyi. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito chidebe chokulirapo. Musaiwale za danga labwino lokwanira. Dothi losakanikirana labwino limakhala ndi sod, tsamba ndi humus lapansi, komanso mchenga, wotengedwa mu chiyerekezo cha 3: 2: 3: 1. Kuphatikizika kwa turf ndi tsamba lamchenga, mchenga ndi peat ndizoyeneranso. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthira humus pang'ono. Poinsettia ikaikidwamo, imayamba kuthiriridwa, ndipo pakapita kanthawi - kudzaza nthaka.
Nthawi yopumula
M'mwezi wa Marichi kapena Epulo, mbewuyo imayamba kukhala matalala. Kutalika kwake ndi miyezi 1.5, ndipo kutha mu Meyi. Pakadali pano, muyenera kudula mphukira mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 10 kuchokera pansi pamphika. Ikani mbewuyo pamalo amdima, ndipo kutentha kwake kuyenera kukhala kuchokera 12 mpaka 16 madigiri. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchepa.
Kodi poinsettia pathupi la Khrisimasi?
Kuti maluwa ayambe ndendende ndi Khrisimasi, muyenera kukonzekera maluwa m'masiku omaliza a September. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kunyumba, maluwa amatuluka kumapeto kwa nthawi yayitali usiku. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kukulitsa mausiku koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira mpaka maola 14 kapena 15 patsiku. Zomwe mukufunikira ndikuphimba poinsettia ndi thumba lakuda kapena zofowoka usiku, ndipo muyenera kuchita izi kwa miyezi iwiri motsatizana. Mukudziwa, chomera chizikhala maola 14. Ngati ndi kotheka, ingotengani maluwa kupita kumalo akuda kwambiri. Komabe, zindikirani kuti kulumikizidwa ndi mpweya wabwino chomera sikuyenera kutsekedwa. Masana, amafunika kuyatsa bwino. Mukanyalanyaza izi, ndiye kuti maluwa adzawonekera kumapeto kwa nthawi yachisanu.
Njira zolerera
Zikhalidwe zamtchire, mbewu za mbewu zoterezi zimacha, koma zitakula m'nyumba, izi sizichitika kapena kuchitika, koma kawirikawiri. Koma ngakhale izi zitachitika, chomera sichikhala ndi duwa la kholo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kunyumba mitundu yomwe imakulidwa ndi kuswana imakula.
Pofalitsa, monga lamulo, kudula kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuchokera ku mphukira yaying'ono, amphamvu kwambiri (5 kapena 6) ayenera kusankhidwa, ndipo ena onse amangodulidwa. Pamphukira iliyonse yomwe yadulidwa, mbewu yatsopano imatha kumera ngati yazika mizu.
Zodula ziyenera kukhala ndi ma 4 mpaka 5 internodes. Chepetsa ziyenera kukhala mwachindunji pansi pazenera, ndipo masamba omwe ali pansipa, muyenera kuchotsa.
Madzi obisidwa amafunika ndi chomera kuti tipewe kuvunda. Pambuyo poti zigawozi ziume pang'ono, azichitira ndi makala ophwanyika. Simungathe kukhudza malo odulira ndi manja anu, ndikuonetsetsa kuti ana kapena nyama sizichita izi, chifukwa msuzi ungayambitse poyizoni.
Pozika mizu, nthawi zambiri nthaka yonyowa kapena madzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mizu yazosakaniza mumaloledwa, monga kuphatikizika kapena mutha kusakaniza mchenga ndi peat mosiyanasiyana. Kupanga poinsettia kuzika mizu mwachangu, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito chopangira chowonjezera (mwachitsanzo, heteroauxin). Ikani kutentha (24-28 madigiri). Iyenera kupemphedwa nthawi zonse ndikumapopera. Mizu yake ikawoneka (patatha milungu 4), maluwa achichepere amafunika kubzalidwe padera, osati kwambiri. Wodulidwa mizu ayenera kudulidwa kuti mbewuyo ikhale nthambi zambiri.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Chifukwa chokhala chinyezi pamaluwa, nthata ya kangaude imatha kukhazikika. Chimawoneka ngati kangaude wofiyira. Imakhazikika kumbuyo kwamasamba ndikuwaphimba ndi tsamba loyera loyera. Mutha kuwononga ngati mutha kupopera ndi kutsuka masamba (makamaka kumbuyo kwawo). Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kugwiritsa ntchito. Pazolinga zodzitetezera, duwa liyenera kutsanulidwa mwadongosolo ndi madzi ofunda.
Mseche kapena mphereranso amathanso kukhazikika. Ndi kuyamba kwakanthawi kwamayendedwe a tizilombo, kuzichotsa sizovuta. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupukuta masamba ndi chinkhupule chonyowa m'madzi amchere. Kenako mbewuyo imafunika kuthiriridwa pansi pofunda, koma musaiwale kuphimba dothi ndi zinthu zopanda madzi (filimu). Kufufuza kumachitika kamodzi pa sabata mpaka tizirombo atawonongeratu. Ngati kugonjetsedwa kwambiri, ndiye muyenera kuthana ndi poinsettia ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa mwapadera mu shopu yamaluwa.
Mikwingwirima yakukhazikika imayambitsa mawonekedwe a masamba obowoka pamwamba pa masamba, komanso kupindika kwake.
Pa poinsettia imvi yokongola kwambiri imatha kuoneka. Grey mawanga mawonekedwe pamunsi nthambi ndi masamba. Chotsani madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi zowola ndikuwachitira ndi antifungal.
