Orchid ndi chomera chokongola paphesi loonda, lopatsidwa korona ndi maluwa okongola, a banja la orchid. Ndiwotchuka pakati pa okonda mbewu zamkati.. Zimakopa okongoletsa maluwa mwachikondi ndi kukongola, koma ndizowopsa pang'ono chifukwa cha zovuta zake. Kufotokozeredwa kwa duwa nthawi zonse kumamveka kokongola, koma kwawo ndi kuti?
Mbiri Yakalenga
Duwa lokondwerera la maluwa adalandira zikomo kwa wafilosofi wakale wachi Greek wotchedwa Theophrastusyemwe anali wophunzira wa Plato. Anapeza chomera chosadziwika chomwe chili ndi mizu yachilendo, chomwe chinali mababu ophatikizika. Zotsatira zake, adapatsa mbewu ija dzina "orchis", lomwe limatanthawuza "testicle" m'Chigiriki.
Wasayansi wakale wachi Greek Theophrastus ndi omwe adapereka dzinali kwa Orchids amakonoZipatso zoyambirira zinali padziko lathuli pafupifupi zaka miliyoni miliyoni zapitazokoma idafalikira ku China ndi Japan zaka 3,000 mpaka zinayi zokha zapitazo. Ku Europe, mbewuyi imakhala zaka mazana awiri.
Amayanjana nawo chiyambi cha nthano zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi nthano yakale, adabadwa kuchokera ku zidutswa za utawaleza wokongola. Nthano ina imati duwa lokongola lidakulira pomwe mulungu wovomerezeka wachikondi Aphrodite adaponya nsapato.
Kufotokozera zam'munda ndi zamtchire zakuthengo
Ndikosavuta kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane chifukwa ndi osiyana kotheratu komanso modabwitsa mosiyana ndi mnzake.
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 3,000 sauzande ndi mitundu ya maluwa.
Zomwe zimayambira pachomera zimakhala zazifupi komanso zazitali, zowongoka kapena zokwawa. Masamba osavuta amakonzedwa mosiyana.
Maluwa amabwera mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Amapanga mitundu iwiri ya inflorescences: spike kapena burashi. Duwa la mitundu yambiri limakhala ndi manda atatu omwe ali pamwamba, ndi atatu apansi. Manda apamwamba nthawi zina amakula limodzi, ndikupanga thupi limodzi.
Pichesi yapansi yapakati imasiyana ndi ena onse mawonekedwe osazolowereka ngati buti kapena thumba. Amatchedwa "mlomo", nthawi zambiri mumakhala umunthu uno. Nectar ena mwa mitundu ya orchid amaletsa tizilombo, chifukwa chomwe sangasiye chomera ndipo ali mkati kwanthawi yayitali.
Ma orchid akale amatha kukopa ndi kufalitsa tizilomboMbewu za mungu zimapanga mipira yolimba yotchedwa "ma polylines." Kutengera mtundu wa pollinia, amakhala ofewa, a waizi, ofiira kapena olimba kwambiri.. Amamatirira tizilombo chifukwa cha chomata. Mungu umasonkhanitsidwa mwanjira yoti ugwere kwathunthu pazopondera.
Vuto lililonse losunga mazira limakhala kholo la masauzande a mbewu. Mpweya wabwino kwambiri wa ma orchid, womwe umakopa tizilombo, umakhala ndi fungo losiyanasiyana, kuyambira fungo losasangalatsa la kuzungulira nyama mpaka kununkhira kwamafuta onunkhira.
Mbeu zopepuka komanso zazing'ono zamaluwa zakucha m'mabokosi zimatengedwa ndi mphepo, osafikira pansi. Zimawuluka kwa nthawi yayitali, zikukhazikika panthambi za mitengo. Kuchita bwino kumagwirira mbewu zomwe zimagwera mycelium- okhawo adzapatsa moyo ku chomera chatsopano.
Mwa ma orchid, njira zopukutira zodabwitsa zimapezeka. Mwachitsanzo, mbewu zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi nsapato khalani ndi mseru wa tiziromboMitundu ina imawombera mungu mungu.
Mitundu
Banja limaphatikiza mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yomwe ili yosiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake.
Epiphytes
Orchids makamaka epiphytes. Epiphytes amakula pamitengo ndi mbewu zina, zomwe zimathandizira maluwa.
Mitundu iyi osagwiritsa ntchito kwa majeremusi.
Epiphytes samatengera dziko lapansi, sawonongeka ndi nyama ndikukhala ndi zowala zambiri dzuwa. Mizu imagwira chomera pamathandizo, imatenga nawo mbali pang'onopang'ono ndipo imatenga chinyezi ndi michere kuchokera kumalo okhala ndi makungwa a mtengowo.
Epiphyte nthawi zonse amapeza chithandizo pamwamba pa nthakaLithophytes ndi mayiko omwe iwo amakulira
Maluwa a lithophytic amakhala pakati pa miyala ndi miyala. Mizu ndi moyo wawo umasiyana pang'ono ndi epiphytic. Mitundu ya lithophytic kuthengo imapezeka ku Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela. Nthawi zina maluwa amakula mpaka mikono 2000 kupitirira nyanja.
Lithophytes amakhala omasuka m'malo otentha komanso otentha. Amakonda dontho lakuthwa kutentha.. Maluwa a lithophytic amakula m'minda yozizira komanso milandu yapadera, popeza amafunikira chinyezi chochuluka.
Grassy ndi nthaka
Mitundu ya grassy imapezeka m'malo otentha ku America, Europe ndi Asia. M'maluwa amkati, mitunduyi siyofala. Oimira maluwa a udzu amakula mu udzu, malo obiriwira komanso m'mphepete mwa nkhalango pafupi ndi nkhalango.
Maluwa a orcids amayenererana mwachilengedwePansi amakhala ndi masamba ndi mizu wamba.. M'malo otentha, amatha kutalika kwa theka la mita.
Saprophytic
Maluwa a Saprophytic ndi gulu lalikulu la zomera. Amakhala ndi mphukira ndi masikelo omwe alibe masamba. Saprophytic mobisa ilibe chlorophyll.
Amalandira chakudya kuchokera ku humus. Mizu yokhala ngati matanthwe imamwa madzi ndi zinthu zofunikira. Zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zikhale ndi ma saprophytic orchids zimapezeka kuchokera ku fungus fungus.
Kusiyana pakati pa orchid
Phalaenopsis ndi mitundu yotchuka kwambiri.zomwe ndizoyenera kukula pakhomo. Phalaenopsis ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yosasamala, ngakhale kwa iwo ndikofunikira kuti apange zofunikira.
Lelia, ngati phalaenopsis, ndi wa epiphytes ndi lithophytes.
| Zosiyanasiyana za Lelia (Maganizo ake ndi oopsa kwambiri) | Zosintha-kawiri |
| Kupukuta | |
| Zabwino | |
| Gould |
Kwa oyamba omwe alibe luso la chisamaliro cha orchid, kubereka Lelia sikulimbikitsidwa.. Amafuna zinthu zomwe zikutikumbutsa zachilengedwe.
The orelogin orchid imalimidwa bwino mu maluwa azomera.
Colegin wosakanikirana, wowoneka bwino ndi wokongola ndi ena mwa maluwa okongola kwambiri. Mitundu iyi imalimbikitsidwa kwa oyamba kumene.
Ngati mwatsopano ku maluwa okongola, Tselogina ndi chisankho chanuEpidendrum hybrids amakula makamaka mchikhalidwe. Ku Russia, mtunduwu sufalikira.ndi malo ogulitsira akunja amapereka chisankho chachikulu cha miliri yamalonda. Ndizovuta kwa oyamba kuthana ndi duwa ili, chifukwa chake amadziwitsidwa ndi akatswiri odziwa ntchito.
Banja la Phalaenopsis: komwe amachokera
Kwa nthawi yayitali anthu amakhulupirira kuti orchid amangokulira mwa malo otenthaChifukwa chake, ndizosatheka kukula iwo mu chipinda.
Kodi amachokera kuti? Ndikosavuta kudziwa dziko la maluwa ndi mtundu winawake, ndipo alibe pasipoti. Komabe, zimadziwika kuti Maluwa amakula mosiyanasiyana nyengo, amagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, sakhala ku Antarctica kokha.
Mitundu yambiri komabe amakonda malo obiriwira mvula m'malo otenthapomwe maluwa awo osakhazikika amabisidwa kuchokera kumayendedwe apadera a sultry radiation ndipo amatha kupuma bwino.
Mitundu ina imakhazikika pamitengo, pa stump, pansi, ina imakonda zokongola zam'mapiri, momwe zimatetezedwa kuti zisakonzedwe. Pakusintha, adapeza masamba ndi mizu yomwe imawathandiza kupulumutsa miyoyo yawo pakagwa chilala. Monga chomera chamkati, orchid adayamba kukula zaka 4,000 zapitazo..
Orchids amadziwika kuti ndi chizindikiro cha chikondi ndikupereka chiyanjano kunyumba kwanu.Orchid ndi chizindikiro cha chikondi ndi chikondi. Tsopano akutchuka kwambiri., mkazi aliyense m'nyumba akufuna kukhala ndi chomera chofiyira mnyumbamo.
