Kwa ma connoisseurs a bonsai, mapulo, sakura ndi paini wamapiri ndizizindikiro zenizeni zaukadaulo wakalewu. Koma ngati singano za pine zobiriwira nthawi zonse zimapangitsa mawonekedwe a mtengo kusasinthika chaka chonse, sakura amakhala wokongola kwambiri masika, nthawi yamaluwa, ndiye mapulo ndi chithunzi chowoneka bwino cha nthawi yophukira pazithunzi zosadziwika bwino.
Mapu amagawidwa kudera lonse lakumpoto. Mitundu yaku Far East, China komanso Japan imakhala ndi chikhalidwe cha bonsai, komabe, kutchuka kwa njira yolimilira izi kwapangitsa kuti mitundu ya Europe, Pacific ndi Caucasus ndi North America mndandanda wazambiri.
Mitundu ya Maple Okulitsa Bonsai
Zomera zokhala ndi masamba ocheperako komanso ma fupi yochepa zimayamikiridwa, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wopanga mawonekedwe omwe ali apadera mawonekedwe komanso ogwirizana, zachilengedwe mawonekedwe.
Pakati pa mitundu yoyenera kukula bonsai, mapulo ndi Japan ndi holly, Montpelian, munda ndi mwala. Makamaka mitengo ya mapulo a mapulo ooneka ngati mabwinjidwe okhala ndi masamba osadukiza odabwitsa. Masamba amtunduwu amakhalabe ofiira, osyanika mbali, owala achikasu kapena ofiirira, osati m'dzinja lokha, komanso chaka chonse. Osasokoneza mtundu uwu ndi maple ofiira, omwenso amakula ngati bonsai. Masamba ake okhala ndi masamba asanu kokha mwa yophukira pang'onopang'ono amasintha zovala zawo ndikuwoneka ngati korona yonse. Kuchokera ku USA ndi Canada, ma bonsai omwe amalumikizana nawo amakhala ndi chidwi ndi phulusa la mapulo, losavuta kupanga, lopanda ulemu, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopanga masamba amitundu.
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti mitengo yaying'ono yokhala ndi masamba ofiira, achikasu kapena masamba aliwonse owala kwambiri amawoneka bwino kwambiri kwa olima. Chifukwa chake, ogulitsa opanda chinyengo nthawi zambiri "amasewera" pamenepa, amapereka mbewu za mapulo abuluu za bonsai. Palibe chifukwa chokhulupirira malonjezo opanda pake. Ngati mbande zikuwoneka ndi njere zotere, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kukhala mtengo wabwino wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira. Ndipo ngakhale ndizosatheka kukula mapulo amtambo, bonsai yofiirira, carmine, masamba ofiira kapena a lalanje ndizowona.
Pali zitsanzo zambiri zamitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa maple bonsai ofiira, koma chifukwa cha zochepa za chlorophyll zomwe zimathandiza kudya mitengo, mbewu zotere ndi zochepa kuposa anzawo obiriwira ndipo zimafunikira chisamaliro chapadera.
Mitundu yokongoletsera nthawi zambiri imavutika ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa, chisanu ndi mphepo yozizira, ndipo kuwala kwawo mwachindunji kumatengera kusankha komwe kuli. Mithunzi, zofiira, burgundy ndi rasipiberi zimatha kuzimiririka.
Chochititsa chidwi china pa mapu aku Japan a bonsai ndi mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba otalika ofanana ndi nthambi za kanjedza. Mitundu yamtunduwu imawoneka yabwino kwambiri pakulemba nyimbo, koma siyabwino kwa oyamba kumene chifukwa amakhala omasuka komanso achisoni.
Koma mitundu yocheperako yamapulo mu bonsai ndiyosapeweka ndipo tingati, imathandiza munthu ndi mapangidwe ake. Sichikula, koma ipange korona wakuda wokutidwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono omwe amawonekeranso mwachilengedwe.
Zofunikira pakukula kwa mapulo bonsai
Mapu amamva bwino pakati pa Russia, koma mawonekedwe a bonsai, mtengo umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zakunja ndipo umafunika kusankhidwa mosamala.
Mitengo yodziwika bwino yamapulo a mitengo yamapulogalamu imakhala yotentha komanso yopanga mawonekedwe, imatha kudwala ndikuvutika kuvutika:
- pakuwonekera dzuwa, makamaka kum'mwera;
- mu mphepo kapena kukonzekera;
- mumtambo wakuda.
Komabe, zikafika posankha pakati pa kuunika ndi mthunzi, ndibwino kuyika mphikawo padzuwa, lomwe pakati penipeni pa dzikolo silingavulaze kwambiri. Dzuwa, mtengowo umapanga masamba ang'onoang'ono, omwe amakupatsani mwayi kuti muchepetse masamba osafooka. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ya masamba padzuwa lathunthu ndi yowala komanso yowoneka bwino.
Ngati nthawi yachilimwe, monga chithunzicho, mapu a bonsai amatulutsidwira panja, iyenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo, apo ayi mbewu yomwe ili ndi mizu yofesedwa imatha kutaya moyenera ndikugwa mumphika wosaya.
Mapu, mwachilengedwe komanso panyumba pamtunda wotsika kwambiri, samalekerera chinyezi chambiri komanso kutuluka kwa mpweya wabwino. M'mikhalidwe yotere, bonsai amakhudzidwa ndi bowa wovulala yemwe amayambitsa powdery mildew ndi anthracnose.
Kutsirira ndikofunikira komanso kofunikira kwambiri posamalira bonsai mapulo. M'chilimwe, kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa pafupipafupi, ngati kuli kofunikira, ntchito kukonkha kolondola. M'nyengo yozizira, masamba akagwa ndi chomera hibernates, kufunika kwa chinyezi kumatsika kwambiri.
Chapakatikati podzuka, mapulo amadyetsedwa, ndipo kwa mapulo, kupezeka kwachitsulo muzosakaniza ndikofunikira. Izi zimadziwikiridwa mukamalemba gawo lapansi. Nthaka ya maple bonsai iyenera kukhala yopatsa thanzi, yozizira, yosalowerera kapena yoperewera pang'ono. Kuphatikiza pazinthu zachikhalidwe, dongo lapansi la bonsai limawonjezeredwa panthaka, lomwe limateteza mizu ndikumanga nthaka.
Kuika ndi kusinthiratu chidebe m'mene kukula maple bonsai kumayenderana ndikudulira, komwe kumachitika pafupipafupi kwa zaka zitatu. Mofananamo ndi mapangidwe, ma rhizomes omwe adafa kapena kuwonongeka, zigwirizano za dothi lotsatira zimachotsedwa.
Kubzala mapulo kwa bonsai
Mitundu yonse yazomera imafalikira mosavuta ndikudula ndi mizu. Mbewu ndizoyeneranso kukula kuchokera ku mapu a bonsai, omwe amayenera kuphatikizidwa asanabzalidwe.
Kuti izi zitheke, mbewuyo imawonjezeredwa kuti ikhale yonyowa mu mchenga kapena peat, kenako chidebe chokhala ndi mbewu chimatumizidwa mufiriji. Pokonzekera nthangala za mapulo a cuneiform, mwachitsanzo, miyezi 3-4 m'chipinda chamasamba ndizokwanira. Munda wa izi, pakuwotha, chipolopolo chidzatseguka, ndipo mphukira zaulemu ziziwoneka.
Kubzala mitengo ya mapulo a bonsai imasinthidwa kukhala chosakanizika ndi mchenga kapena kubzalidwa ndi mapiritsi osenda bwino a peat. Mu wowonjezera kutentha pakuwala, koma osati mwachindunji padzuwa, m'mwezi umodzi mbewu zimapatsa masamba awiri enieni.
Chiwerengero chawo chikufika ku 4-5, ndi nthawi yosamutsa mapu ang'onoang'ono m'mapoto awo ndikuyamba mapangidwe a bonsai.
Maple korona bonsai mapangidwe njira
Kodi mukukula bonsai kuchokera pamapu osadulira ndikudina korona? Izi sizotheka. Maluso amenewa, komanso mapangidwe azitsamba pogwiritsa ntchito waya, ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa zaluso zakale.
Kudulira nthambi kumachitika pamene mbali zisanu zokha za masamba athunthu ziwululidwa pa mphukira. Nthawi zambiri, amafupikitsidwa ndi ma sheet a 2-4, ndipo zikwangwani zazikuluzikulu zazingwe zimadulidwa mosiyana, kusiya zodulidwa.
Popita nthawi, thunthu lidzazirala ndikugwa, ndipo masamba akulu kwambiri adzasinthidwa ndi bonsai yaying'ono, yoyenera. Pakati pa chilimwe, mitengo yathanzi yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira imawonongeka kapena kudula masamba, zomwe zimatsogolera:
- kukula kodabwitsa;
- pakupanga kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mphukira zazifupi;
- kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa korona.
Pa mapu ofiira a bonsai, kugwira ntchito kotereku sikuchitika, chifukwa kumatha kufooketsa chomera chomvera kale.
Njira zonse zokhudzana ndi kudulira zimachitika bwino osati mchaka cha kuphukira komwe kumagwira ntchito, koma nthawi yotentha kapena yophukira. Zomwezi zikugwiranso ntchito pa ukalamba wochita kupanga mapu a bonsai. Mu theka lachiwiri kapena kumapeto kwa nyengo yokulira, mabala amakhala bwino kuti achiritse, ndipo mtengowo umabwezeretseka bwino.
