Chomera chosatha cha elecampane (Inula), chomwe chimatchedwanso chikasu, chikuyimira banja Asteraceae, kapena Astra. Chomera ichi m'chilengedwe chimatha kupezeka ku Africa, Asia ndi Europe, pomwe chimakonda kukula m'miyala, pafupi ndi dziwe, meadows ndi moats. Komanso, chikhalidwe ichi chimatchedwa mpendadzuwa wamtchire, golide wagolide, nthula, khutu la chimbalangondo, mphamvu zisanu ndi zinayi, ma divosil, jaundice wamtchire, nthula kapena mpendadzuwa wa m'nkhalango. Malinga ndi chidziwitso chochokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, mtunduwu umagwirizanitsa mitundu 100-200. Kuyambira kale, elecampane idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala ena, ndipo pang'onopang'ono mbewuyi idayamba kulimidwa. Masiku ano, pakati pa olima dimba, mtundu umodzi wamtunduwu ukuyamba kutchuka - Elecampane (Inula helenium): iyi ndiye mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yomwe ili ndi mankhwala.
Zolemba za Elecampane
Elecampane nthawi zambiri ndi chitsamba chosatha kapena chomera cha herbaceous, koma mtundu umakhalanso ndi zopangidwa komanso zakale. Mizu yofinya imachokera kufupipafupi mpaka kumapeto. Kuwonetsa mphukira pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kumatha kukhala kosalala kapena kupindika. Magawo akuluakulu owoneka ndi mtima wamtambo amatha kukhala owirikiza kapena lanceolate, komanso ofunikira kapena osasanjika. Mabasiketi amtundu wa inflorescence amakhala okha kapena ndi gawo la inflorescence yooneka ngati panicle kapena corymbose. Mabasiketi amakhala ndi maluwa apakati komanso am'maso, omwe amatha kupentedwa muzithunzi zachikasu zingapo. Masamba a lanceolate a wrapper ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Chipatsochi ndi zipatso zam'miyendo, zomwe zimayipa kapena kupindika.
Kukula elecampane kuchokera ku mbewu
Musanayambe kubzala kwa elecampane, ndikofunikira kusankha malo oyenerera, ndikumakumbukira kuti chomera cha thermophilic chimakonda malo a dzuwa. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa, yopatsa michere komanso yopuma. Dothi lamchenga kapena loamy ndiloyenera kubzala. Ndikwabwino kubzala mbewuyi mutatha kupopera mbewu zabwino, chifukwa mukakolola zochuluka.
Kukonzekera malowo kufesa kuyenera kuchitika pasadakhale. Ndikofunikira kukumba mpaka pakuya kwa fosholo, pamene ndikupanga kompositi kapena humus (pa mita imodzi ndi theka ma kilogalamu 6), komanso kusakaniza kwa potaziyamu-phosphorous (pa mita imodzi imodzi kuyambira 40 mpaka 50 magalamu). Pambuyo pa izi, chiwembucho chiyenera kusungidwa. Atangofesa, feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni ayenera kumwazikana pamtunda wonsewo, pambuyo pake ayenera kukonzedwa mpaka mainchesi 10 mpaka 15. Kenako pamwamba pamalopo pakuyenera kupindika pang'ono.
Kubzala kuyenera kuchitidwa chisanachitike nyengo yachisanu kapena kuphukira (mu khumi yachiwiri ya Meyi). Sikoyenera kuti muthe kufesa mbewu, koma kuti muthandize kufesa, wamaluwa amalangiza kuphatikiza ndi mchenga (1: 1). Mzere umodzi, womwe kutalika kwake ndi 100 cm, pafupifupi masamba 200 a mbewu adzafunika. Ngati dothi ndi lolemera, ndiye kuti mbewu zake ziyenera kuyikidwa m'manda 10-20 mm zokha, ndipo ngati kuwala - 20-30 mm. Utali pakati pa mizere uzikhala wofanana ndi 0,6-0.7 m. Mbewu zimangowoneka pokhapokha mpweya utentha mpaka madigiri 6-8. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kukula ndi kukulira kwa elecampane ndikuchokera madigiri 20 mpaka 25. Ngati nyengo ili bwino, ndiye kuti mbande zimawonekera theka mwezi ukabzala. Masiku angapo asanaonekere mbande, malowo ayenera kuti azitsekeredwa pamizere yofesa, pamene mukuyenera kuchotsa zinyalala zonse zamtunda, komanso mbande ngati udzu wa udzu.
Chomera chimatha kufalitsidwa ndikugawa rhizome. M'madera akumwera, njira iyi ya elcampane imafalitsidwa mchaka, komanso mu Ogasiti. Komanso, m'malo ozizira, ma rhizomes amaphatikizidwa mchaka chotsegulira masamba. Chotsani dzinthuzo m'nthaka ndikuigawa m'magawo angapo, pomwe kugawanika kumayenera kukhala ndi masamba 1 kapena awiri. Mukabzala zigawo pakati pawo, mtunda wa 0.3 mpaka 0.65 m uyenera kuyang'aniridwa, pomwe uyenera kukumbidwa mu dothi ndi 50-60 mm, ndipo impso zawo aziwongoleredwa kupita m'mwamba. Asanabzala, dzenje lililonse lizithiridwa ndi madzi ofunda, kenako ndikuthira feteleza, zomwe zimayenera kulumikizidwa ndi dothi. Mutabzala, pamwamba pamalowo muyenera kupangika, kuthiriridwa bwino, ndi kumtunda kuyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mulch. Nthambi zimamera mu mizu yophukira mchaka choyamba, ndipo kutalika kwake kumapeto kwa nthawi yachilimwe kufalikira kuchokera pa 0,5 mpaka 0,4 m.
Kusamalira elecampane m'munda
Mbewu za elecampane zikaonekera pamalopo, zimafunikira kuti ziwotchedwe. Rasipiberi ayenera kuthiriridwa munthawi yake, namsongole, ndikofunikira kumasula dothi pafupi ndi tchire. M'nyengo yoyamba, elecampane imadziwika ndi kutalika kochedwa, kotero, kumapeto kwa nthawi yachilimwe, kutalika kwa tchire sikudzaposa mamita 0.3-0.4 Pofika nthawi iyi, masamba a rosette ndi mizu adzafunika kupanga zitsamba. Kutulutsa koyamba kumatha kuwonekera mu nyengo yotsatira mu Julayi, pomwe nthawi yake imakhala pafupifupi masabata anayi.
Kuthirira ndi kulimira
Chikhalidwe ichi ndimakonda madzi, ndipo chimafunikira madzi pakapangidwa masamba ndi maluwa. Tchire limakhala ndi mizu yolowera yomwe imatha kuchotsa chinyezi kuchokera m'nthaka yakuya kwambiri. Motere, elecampane imangofunika kuthirira pokhapokha kukakhala chilala kwanthawi yayitali.
Kupalira kwadongosolo ndikofunikira kwa mbewu zotere mchaka choyamba cha kukula. Kale mu nyengo yotsatira, tchire zimamera ndi kukula kwambiri kotero kuti udzu wopanda udzu ungawalepheretse.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Mizu yoyambira ikayamba kupanga tchire, adzafunikira kudyetsedwa ndi Nitrofoska. Kudyetsedwanso kumachitika masiku 20-30 itatha yoyamba, pomwe kukula kwa nthaka kumayamba. M'dzinja, mmera usanalowe mu dormant state, uyenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu, womwe umalowetsedwa m'nthaka.
Kutolere ndi kusungiramo Elecampane
Ma elecampane rhizomes okhala ndi mizu yopapatiza amatha kuchotsedwa mchaka chachiwiri cha kukula. Mbewuzo zikakula bwino, chitsamba chimafunika kufupikitsidwa mpaka 50-100 mm, kenako tengani mafoloko ndi kukumba mosamala. Chotsani muzu m'nthaka, gwedezani bwino ndikutsuka. Kenako ma rhizome azidulidwa mzidutswa, kutalika kwake kukhala kofanana ndi 10-20 sentimita. Amayikidwa m'malo otetezeka, pomwe amatha kuwuma masiku awiri kapena atatu. Zitatha izi, zopangira ziyenera kusamutsidwira m'chipinda chotsekemera komanso chovunda (wosanjikiza ayenera kukhala wosakwana 50 mm). Kuti muziumitsa ma rhizomes, muyenera kutentha kutentha kwa madigiri 35 mpaka 40 m'chipindacho, pomwe zopangira ziyenera kuzunguliridwa mwadongosolo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ziuma bwino. Kuti musunge, elecampane imathiridwa m'mbale zopangidwa ndi mtengo kapena galasi, ndipo mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito matumba. Imasungidwenso kwa zaka zitatu.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya elecampane
Elecampane Royle (Inula royleana)
Kutalika kwa mbewu yachikaleyi ndi pafupifupi mamilimita 0.6 Kutalika kwa masamba a masamba oblong ndi pafupifupi 0.25 m.Matayimidwe awiri ofikira kufika 40-50 mm, amaphatikiza mabango ndi maluwa a tubular achikuda achikasu. Maluwa amawoneka mu Julayi-August. Kupangidwa kuyambira 1897.
Elecampane Roothead (Inula rhizocephala)
Maonekedwe okongoletsa awa ndi amodzi mwa otchuka kwambiri pachikhalidwe. Masamba a masamba apakulu a lanceolate ndi gawo la rosette woyambira, pakati pomwe pamakhala kachigawo kakang'ono kakang'ono ka chikasu inflorescence. Pamunsi mizu yake imamera.
Elecampane Oriental (Inula orientalis)
Dziko lokhalamo mitunduyi ndi Asia Minor ndi Caucasus. Zomera zosatha izi zomwe zimayambira molunjika zimafikira kutalika kwa mamita 0.7. Masamba a masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe owundana. Ma inflorescences m'mimba mwake amafika masentimita 9-10, amaphatikizapo maluwa autali ndi owonda amkaso amtundu wachikaso, komanso ma tubular amtundu wachikaso. Wopangidwa kuyambira 1804.
Udzudzu wa Elecampane (Inula ensifolia)
Imapezeka zachilengedwe ku Europe ndi Caucasus, pomwe mtunduwu umakonda kumera paphiri komanso mapiri a laimu, m'nkhalango ndi mapiri. Kutalika kwa chitsamba chomata ndi 0.15-0.3 m. Woonda, mphukira yolimba kwambiri m'nthambi yayikulu. Masamba a Sedentary yopapatiza lanceolate amafikira kutalika pafupifupi 60 mm. Mabasiketi amodzi achikasu amakhala ndi mainchesi 20-30 mm. Wopangidwa kuyambira 1793. Pali mitundu yotsika pang'ono: kutalika kwa chitsamba ndi pafupifupi mamita pafupifupi 2, ndipo limamasula bwino komanso kwanthawi yayitali.
Elecampane wokongola (Inula magnifica)
Mtunduwu sunalandidwe mwachabe dzina lotere. Chomera chamuyaya ichi ndi chitsamba champhamvu komanso chopambana, chomwe chimatha kutalika masentimita 200. Tsinde limakhala lolimba komanso lolimba. Zoyambira zazikulu zodutsa, komanso masamba am'munsi a tsinde ali ndi kutalika kwa theka la mita ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 0,25 m. Mapepala omwe amafikira pamunsi amapita mu petiole, omwe amatha kufikira 0,6 m.Mapa a masamba apamwamba ndi osalala, pomwe am'munsi kwambiri ndi ambiri aiwo. Inflorescence achikasu achikuda m'mimba mwake amafika masentimita 15. Pazoyenda pamtunda, kutalika kwa 0.25 m, amapezeka amodzi kamodzi kapena zidutswa zingapo, ndikupanga corymbose inflorescence. Maluwa amawoneka mu Julayi-August. Chitsamba chowuma chimataya zokongoletsera zake, ndipo monga lamulo, chimadulidwa.
Elecampane Briteni (Inula britannica)
Mwachilengedwe, mtunduwu umapezeka ku Asia ndi ku Europe, pomwe umakonda kukula m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, malo obisika, m'nkhalango zowirira, m'mphepete mwa msewu, mumalovu amchere ndi m'nkhalango, komanso m'malo osefukira madzi osefukira. Chomera chamuyaya ichi sichambiri kwambiri, malo ake amaphimbidwa ndi mkaka wa sulfure. Tsinde lomerapo mbali ili pansi ndi lofiirira pang'ono, ndipo kumtunda kwake kumakhala nthambi kapena kosavuta. Ma plates opanda masamba ndi lanceolate, elliptical or linear-lanceolate (samakonda kuperewera ovate), amakhala amizere kapena owonekera konse, ma spines amapezeka m'mphepete. Kutsogolo kwa masamba kumakhala pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kapena kubowoka, ndipo mbali yolakwika imakhala ndi zokutira zokhala ndi timabowo totsekemera kapena timabulu taubweya. Inflorescence achikasu achikuda m'mimba mwake kufika 50 mm, amatha kukhala gawo la lotakasuka la corymbose inflorescence kapena kukhala osakwatiwa.
Elecampane wamtali (Inula helenium)
Imapezeka zachilengedwe ku Europe, Caucasus ndi Siberia, pomwe mtunduwu umakonda kukula m'matanthwe, m'nkhalango zowuma komanso za paini, komanso m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Chomera chamuyaya ichi ndi chitsamba cha ma cylindrical mawonekedwe, omwe amafika kutalika pafupifupi 250. Mpweya wamphamvu wokhala ndi fungo labwino. Kutalika kwa tsinde lam'munsi ndi masamba obal-elliptic basal masamba ndi pafupifupi 0.4-0.5 m, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi kuchokera pa 015 mpaka 0,2 m. Kuyambira kuyambira pakatikati pa mphukirowo, masamba ake amakhala osalala komanso okhala ndi tsinde lokhala ndi tsinde. Madengu awiri, mabasiketi amtundu wachikasu amafika 80 mm, amapezeka m'matumba a mabulangeti pamafupipafupi ndipo ndi gawo la inflemose inflorescences. Khazikitsani mitundu iyi kuyambira kale.
Chuma cha elecampane: kuvulaza ndi kupindula
Mankhwala okhala ndi elecampane
Mphamvu za machiritso a elecampane zili mu mizu yake, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zinthu monga: sera, vitamini E, ma resini, mafuta ofunikira, ntchofu, saponins, polysaccharides inulinen ndi inulin.
A decoction a rhizome ndi mizu ya chomera ichi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zotupa m'mimba ndi matumbo, mwachitsanzo, ndi zilonda zam'mimba, gastritis, gastroenteritis, kutsegula m'mimba, komanso matenda a impso ndi chiwindi, matenda a chifuwa chachikulu, chifuwa, matenda am'mimba, chifuwa chachikulu, tracheitis ndi zina zotupa matenda a chapamwamba kupuma thirakiti. Decoction ndi osiyana expectorant, odana ndi kutupa, diaphoretic, okodzetsa, anthelmintic ndi antiseptic. Chida ichi ndichopweteka kwambiri kuzungulira kwa nyongolotsi.
Msuziwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matenda a pakhungu, ndipo akaphatikizidwa ndi mafuta anyama, mumalandira chithandizocho. Masamba atsopano amalimbikitsidwa kuti ayikidwe zilonda, zotupa, zotupa ndi ma erysipelas.
Ngakhale mankhwalawa, elecampane amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osokoneza bongo a zilonda zapakhosi, zilonda zam'mimba, cystitis, matenda opatsirana pogonana, furunculosis, eczema, jaundice ndi nyamakazi. Pamankhwala mungagule mankhwala Alanton, opangidwa pamizu ya elecampane, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zilonda zam'mimba zam'mimba komanso zilonda zam'mimba. Tocopherol (Vitamini E), yomwe ndi gawo la mpweya, ndi antioxidant wamphamvu yemwe amachepetsa ukalamba.
Kukonzekera tincture wa elecampane, muyenera kulumikiza supuni imodzi yaying'ono ya mizu yowuma ndi 250 ml ya madzi ozizira. Siyani kusakaniza kwa maola 8 kuti muthe, kenako kusefedwa. Muyenera kumwa ma milligram 50 nthawi 4 kugogoda kwachitatu kwa ola limodzi musanadye. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati expectorant, komanso hemorrhoids, kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kuyeretsa magazi ku matenda apakhungu.
Kukonzekera tincture wa elecampane, magalamu 120 a nthangala yatsopano ya mbewuyi amatengedwa. Iyenera kukhala yosakanikirana ndi ½ gawo lamagalasi a port kapena Cahors. Osakaniza amawiritsa kwa mphindi 10, ndiye amasefa. Imwani kawiri kapena katatu patsiku, milligram 50 musanadye. Gwiritsani ntchito ngati tonic ndi firming othandizira zilonda zam'mimba, gastritis kapena mutadwala kwambiri.
Contraindication
Njira zopangidwa pamaziko a elecampane siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda oopsa a mtima, mimba, hypotension, gastritis yotsika acidity ndi matenda a impso. Pakusamba, komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi kupweteka kwambiri, mankhwalawa amatha kuwalimbikitsa. Pochiza ana, elecampane amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kwambiri.
