Kuchita bwino zamasamba kumalumikizidwa ndimapangidwe omwe mpesa umalandira chakudya chokwanira, kupepuka ndi kuthirira. Ngati zina mwazosokonezeka, matenda ndi tizirombo timabwera. Ndikofunikira kudziwa zamtsogolo zomwe zimawonongeka, kuyang'ana kwambiri nyengo. Kupewa matendawa ndikosavuta kuposa kuthe. Chifukwa chake, pali njira yotchingira munda wamphesa ndi njira zake zopewera. Amakhazikitsa njira yothira mphesa ku matenda, komanso nthawi yanji.
Kulima mphesa
Chikhalidwe cha mphesa chakale chasonkhanitsa matenda ambiri. Zonsezi zitha kugawidwa ndikukutengera ndi kusungidwa, zinthu zachilengedwe. Matenda opatsirana amayimira mbali yamoyoyo yomwe imamera pachitsamba cha mpesa - bowa, ma virus, mabakiteriya. Kupewa kumatanthauza kuthana ndi izi. Sayansi imapereka momwe tingagwiritsire mphesa ku matenda ndi momwe tingapewere kuwonongeka.
Choyamba, malo obzala zitsamba ndiofunika kwambiri. Kukonzekera dzenje lodzala ndi kuvala ndi zakudya zomwe ndizofunikira ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa mbeuyo zaka zoyambirira. Mukabzala zodula m'malo okhazikika, zimawanyowa ndi kuwonjezera kwa potaziyamu permanganate kuchokera ku matenda a odium. Tchire limafunikira kutetezedwa nthawi yonse yachilimwe kufikira litayamba nyengo yachisanu.
Kuti matendawa asasinthane ndi fungicides omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Pali zofunikira fungicides ndi mankhwala osokoneza matenda enaake.
Chithandizo cha fungusidal chimachitidwanso patsamba lakugwa, nthaka ikayala mipesa kuti izisungidwa yozizira. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika nthawi zina za chomera.
- Mu gawo la kutupa kwa impso motsutsana ndi odium ndi tsabola wofiira.
- Pa pepala lachisanu motsutsana ndi mildew ndi imvi zowola, ngati zinali zaka zapitazo.
- Mu gawo la chitukuko cha inflorescences motsutsana nkhupakupa ndi odium.
- Musanafike kutulutsa nkhupakupa, matenda akuluakulu, kuvala zovala zapamwamba, palimodzi.
- Pambuyo maluwa, zokhudza zonse mankhwala ophera tizirombo, fungicides ndi kuwonjezera kwa kufufuza zinthu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Pachiyamboyolanda, ndi fungic yokhazikika, yolimbikitsa kuvala pamwamba, imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nyengo yotentha mlungu uliwonse.
- Masango atatsekedwa ndi fungicides mwatsatanetsatane komanso motsutsana ndi imvi zowola.
Kupitilizanso kupitiliza kumachitika ndikofunikira m'njira zofatsa musanakolole. Komabe, pambuyo pake pokonzekera nyengo yachisanu, mankhwala achilengedwe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Mphesa
Mankhwala onse opondereza matenda amatchedwa fungicides. Zina mwazodziwika:
- zokhudza zonse fungicides;
- kulumikizana ndi fungicides.
Kusiyana kwa zinthu zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kumakupatsani mwayi woti muchite ziwonetsero zamafuta kuchokera kunja, ndikuwononga mycelium kuchokera mkati.
Soda yankho
Monga njira yothandizira pazochitika zonse za chitukuko, mphesa zimatha kuthandizidwa ndi koloko. Zotsatira zake, filimu yokhala ndi zamchere imapangidwa pomwe ma spus sangathe kumera. Mutha kuthira chitsamba ndi yankho la 50 g la sopo ochapira ndi 50 g wa koloko pa 10 malita a madzi musanayambe maluwa sabata iliyonse. Chithandizo choterechi ndi chofunikira pakuwonekera kwa Ogasiti ngati zizindikiro za odium. Amachitanso pa odium ndi potaziyamu permanganate yankho.
Iron sulfate
Chithandizo china chomwe chimayenera kukhala m'magulu azitsulo ndi iron sulfate. Za mphesainde mankhwalawa ndiofunikira. Kufunika kwa chitsulo cha vitriol mu mbewu zaulimi ndi chifukwa:
- kufufuza zinthu mu mawonekedwe osungunuka, bwino m'mimba;
- amapanga kanema pamutuwu atayanika;
- kuchedwa kwa kuphuka kwa impso;
- kulimbana mosses ndi lichens, fungicide.
Izi ndizomwe zimapangidwa ndi mchere wachitsulo womwe umamwetsedwa popanda kupita ku mtundu wina. Monga kavalidwe kabwinoko kapamwamba, imalowera mwachangu dongosolo lazomera. Komabe, sulfate yachitsulo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphesa kumapeto kwa masika. Ngakhale masamba asanaphuke pakati pa khungwa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozungulira 0.5-1%. Mu yophukira, mpaka 3% angagwiritsidwe ntchito poyeretseka, ndikuwonongeka kwa ziphuphu mu ndende ya 5%. Koma yankho lolimbikitsidwa pokhapokha m'dzinja, pomwe kusefukira kwamira.
Kuphika kwa chitsulo chamchere kumachedwetsa kutseguka kwa impso, ndipo chomera chimachokera ku zipatso za masika. Urea yokhala ndi mavuto ambiri imathandizanso ngati kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika nthawi yomweyo chisanu chisanathe.
Salufa wa Colloidal wa mphesa - kukonzekera kwokhudzana ndi kukonzekera
Amathandizira kuwononga odium spores ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwoneka koyamba kwa matenda. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazizindikiro zoyambirira za anthracosis, imakhala ndi zovulaza nkhupakupa. Sulfure ya Colloidal ingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi imodzi ndi fungicides yamkuwa. Njira yothetsera vutoli imakonzedwa m'madzi ofunda ndi kuphatikizika pang'onopang'ono kwa mankhwalawa. Njira yatsopano yogwira ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, pofuna kupewa, sulufu imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomuyika pamwamba pa tsamba tsamba pogwiritsa ntchito njira yabwino yopopera. Salufa ya Colloidal ya mphesa imapanga chotchinga cha masiku 10-14.
Pochotsa mundawo ndi mankhwala, tisaiwale za njira zodzitetezera. Momwe mpweya umapezekera komanso kupezeka malo owonekera pathupi kumatha kuyambitsa matupi awo komanso poyizoni. Izi zikachitika, muzitsuka thupi kapena maso bwino. Ngati mwamezedwa, imwani madzi ambiri ndi kaboni yoyambitsa. Pambuyo muyenera kufunsa dokotala.
Thanos fungicide kwa mphesa zonse
Ndi kukonzekera kotsutsana ndipo kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito konyowa. The yogwira pophika Famoxadone amapanga filimu yolephera ndipo amagawidwa moyenerera pamwamba, kuiteteza kuti isamamera.
Cymoxanil imalowa mu tsamba lamasamba ndikupanga njira zake zochizira, zimayenda mkati. Imasunthika kuchoka pamtengo kupita pa tsinde ndipo patsiku limafikira yunifolomu. Nthawi yomweyo, imamangiriza tizilomboti mkati mwa chomera. Izi zimatheka ndikupanga kapisozi kuzungulira maselo omwe akhudzidwa.
Fungicide yampesa wa thanos ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ikani pa tsamba la mphesa sayenera kukhala osachepera maola atatu mvula isanabwere. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikizira pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena omwe ali ndi acidic reaction.
Fungicide Quadris
Mphamvu ya kukonzekera kwa quadrice monga momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito mphesa imakhala munthawi yake yotsutsana ndi spores zambiri ndi mabakiteriya. Gulu la mankhwala atsopano ndi strobilurins. Zochita za gawo lokhazikika. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazolinga zopewera komanso kutalika kwa matendawa. Kwa tsiku limodzi, Quadris 250 SC imachepetsa matendawa. Nthawi yomweyo - ndi mankhwala ocheperako, samakhudza njuchi. Pofuna kuti musazolowere, kugwiritsa ntchito Quadris kwa mphesa kumasinthidwa ndi Topaz kapena Rodomil Gold.
Mankhwala Falcon
Bayer, wodziwika chifukwa cha zatsopano, watulutsa njira yatsopano yokonzekera Falcon ya mphesa. Zinthu zothandizadi zimathetsa matenda onse oyamba ndi fungus. Nthawi yomweyo, spiroxamine amakhudza mame abodza komanso aku America, tebuconazole ndi triadimenol amalepheretsa kukula kwa mycelium.
Mankhwalawa amapanga kanema, samatsukidwa ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi iliyonse chitukuko cha matendawa. Falcon yothandiza kwambiri ya mphesa imagulitsidwa mu phukusi la malita 5. Popeza fungicide siotsika mtengo, ndi minda yayikulu yokha yomwe ingalipire mu zotengera zotere.
Mankhwala ena mwatsatanetsatane, omwe cholinga chake ndi kuwongolera nkhanambo pamaenje a zipatso, adatulutsidwa ndi Syngenta. Fodya wa fungus wa mphesa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kuwola. Yogwira ntchito cyprodinil amapereka filimu pa mabulosi. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popewa komanso kuchiza mipesa. Mankhwalawa samatsukidwa ndi madzi patatha maola awiri atalandira chithandizo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha burashi ndi kumapeto, pofuna kupewa matenda ndi zowola zoyera. Nthawi yodziteteza ndi masiku 7-10. Mankhwalawa amayamba mkati mwa maola 36 oyamba.
Kupulumutsa mphesa
Kuchokera pagawo "Wopulumutsa" muukadaulo waulimi gwiritsani ntchito Mpulumutsi wa mphesa. Dongosolo lantchito motsutsana ndi tizilombo komanso matenda a fungus. Phukusili lili ndi ma batulo atatu:
- amawononga tizirombo touluka;
- amateteza ku fungal matenda;
- kukula woyang'anira komanso othandizira.
Wopulumutsa mphesa amatha kupha aphid ndi freeloxer, nthata za akangaude ndi tizirombo tina tambiri. Kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi ma supoules atatu pa 10 malita a madzi. Mankhwalawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoteteza.
Pambuyo pa mankhwala, mphamvu ya mankhwalawa imatha kwa masabata 3-4, kutengera nyengo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achilengedwe molingana ndi Mlingo woyenera komanso panthawi yake, mutha kupeza munda wamphesa wabwino.
