Chomera cham'madzi monga hydrangea (Hydrangea) chimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi banja la hydrangea. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, mtunduwu umagwirizanitsa mitundu 30-80 yama hydrangeas. Zomera zoterezi zimayimiridwa ndi mitengo yaying'ono, mipesa ndi zitsamba. Mitundu yambiri yama hydrangea imamera ku South ndi East Asia (China, Japan), ndipo chomerachi chitha kupezekanso ku North America ndi Far East. Chomera choterechi chidatchedwa mwana wa mfumukazi ya ku Roma Woyera. Asayansi mwadongosolo anapatsa mbewuyi dzina lachi Latin kuti Hydrangea, kutanthauza "chotengera ndi madzi". Chowonadi ndi chakuti chimadziwika ndi chikondi chachikulu chinyezi. Ku Japan, mbewu iyi imatchedwa "adzsai", zomwe zikutanthauza "duwa - dzuwa lofiirira." Ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri ya mitundu, munda wa hydrangea wokha, kapena wamkulu, wokhala ndi tating'onoting'ono timabzala kwathu. Mitundu ndi mitundu ina imamera m'minda.
Mawonekedwe a Hydrangea
M'mikhalidwe yamtchire, hydrangea imayimilidwa ndi zitsamba za mita atatu, osati mitengo yayikulu kwambiri, komanso mipesa, yomwe imatha kukwera mpaka mamita 30 kudutsa mitengo ikuluikulu. Komanso, ma hydrangeas oterewa amatha kukhala odabwitsa kapena okhazikika (kutengera mitundu). Pakati patali, mitundu yodziwika bwino ndiyomwe imakonda kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, chomera ngati ichi ndichulukitsa timapepala tambiri tambiri, timakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi mfundo pamunsi. Mphepete mwa masamba ambale nthawi zambiri imathandizira, ndipo maonekedwe amawonekera pankhope pawo. Hydrangea imayamba kuphuka mchaka, ndipo imamaliza pokhapokha chisanu ikayamba kugwa. Maluwa amatengedwa m'm inflorescence yayikulu, yomwe imatha kukhala ndi corymbose, spherical or panicrate mawonekedwe. Kuphatikizidwa kwa inflorescence kumaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri ya maluwa. Ena mwa iwo ndi achonde (achonde), opezeka, monga lamulo, pakati pa inflorescence, pomwe ena ndioperewera (osabala), omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa inflorescence. Pali mitundu yomwe ili ndi maluwa amodzi okha achonde. Mu hydrangeas ambiri, maluwa amapaka utoto woyera. Komabe, pali mitundu, mwachitsanzo, ma hydrangea akuluakulu, kapena ma hydrangea akulu, omwe amatha kukhala ndi maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana: kirimu, oyera, buluu, pinki, ofiira ndi lilac. Nthawi yomweyo, ndizosangalatsa kuti pH m'nthaka imakhudza mtundu wake wa duwa. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, ngati gawo lapansi ndilosalowerera, ndiye kuti maluwawo azikhala a kirimu kapena a beige, ngati alkali - ndiye pinki kapena lilac, ndi asidi - buluu, chifukwa dothi limakhala ndi aluminiyamu yomwe imalowa mosavuta ndi hydrangea. Chipatso cha duwa ili ndi bokosi lomwe lili ndi makamera 2-5, momwe muli mbewu zing'onozing'ono. Izi zimachitika kuti hydrangea molakwika amatchedwa duwa la mtundu wapafupi, schizophragmatic, koma muyenera kudziwa kuti petiole hydrangea sichinthu chachilendo kuposa schizophragm.
Kulima kwa hydrangea
Kodi kukula hydrangea m'munda? Nayi malamulo oyambira:
- Ma hydrangea okhala ndi masamba akulu amatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa. Komanso, mtundu wawo sukutengera mitundu, koma pa pH wa nthaka. Chifukwa chake, m'nthaka ya acidic, maluwawo ndi abuluu ndi amtambo, osagwirizana - oyera ndi beige, komanso alkali - lilac kapena pinki. Kuti chitsamba chizikhala chowoneka bwino komanso chokongola, akatswiri odziwa zamaluwa amalangiza kuti asinthe maluwa pawokha.
- Duwa ili limakonda chinyezi, pankhaniyi, liyenera kuthiriridwa osati zochulukirapo, komanso nthawi.
- Kuwala kwadzuwa komwe kumakhala kofunikira. Koma ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti maluwawo amatha kutha chifukwa cha kutentha kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa la masana. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kusankha malo oti mutumikire, komwe kungakhale mthunzi pang'ono masana.
- Komanso mbewuyo imayenera kudulidwa nthawi.
- Simungapange feteleza wachilengedwe wambiri, chifukwa tchire lambiri silingakhale maluwa.
- Hydrangea iyenera kuphimbidwa bwino kuti izitha nyengo yachisanu, ngakhale mitundu yomwe imayesedwa chisanu. Ngati tchire limodzi liziuma, nthawi zambiri imatha kuchira nthawi yayitali.
- Ogonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Kubzala kwa hydrangea
Kulima mbewu
Ndi mbewu, monga lamulo, ndizosavuta kufalitsa mitundu yama hydrangeas. Komanso, njira yobala iyi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi obereketsa pantchito yawo. Kukula duwa lotere pa mbewu ndikosavuta, koma iyi ndi njira yotengera nthawi. Bzalani mbeu m'dzinja. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kudzaza chotsekeracho ndi nthaka yosakanikirana yazakudya zambiri, zomwe zimatha kukonzedwa ndikuphatikiza dothi la peat ndi masamba ndi mchenga wamtsinje mu chiyerekezo cha 2: 4: 1. Mbewu zofesedwa pamtunda ziyenera kuwazidwa ndi dothi loonda, kenako ndikuthiriridwa ndi mfuti yoluka. Kenako chimbacho chimakutidwa ndi filimu yowoneka bwino kapena galasi pamwamba, pomwe pobisalira amafunika kuchotsedwapo kangapo kuti agwetse mpweya. Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono nthawi zonse. Kutentha kolondola kumachokera ku madigiri 14 mpaka 20. Mbewu zoyambirira zikaonekera, pogona pake pazichotsedwa. Kutola kuyenera kuchitika kawiri. Koyamba mu gawo la chitukuko cha ma cotyledon lobes, ndipo wachiwiri m'mwezi woyamba wa masika. Poterepa, kachiwiri kudzala mbiya kuti itenge miphika yaying'ono kwa aliyense (mainchesi 7 sentimita). Mukathilira zobvala zazing'ono kachiwiri, ziyenera kuyamba kuwumitsa. Kuti tichite izi, m'chilimwe, maluwa amatengedwa kunja ndipo amasankha malo omwe amatetezedwa kuchokera ku dzuwa, kuwongolera kwa mphepo, kusanja ndi mpweya. Madzulo, ma hydrangeas amabwezeretsedwa kuchipinda. Kwa zaka ziwiri, hydrangea iyenera kumalidwa m'nyumba, ndipo nthawi yozizira imasungidwa m'chipinda chowala komanso chowala, ndipo nthawi yotentha imasinthidwa kupita kumsewu. Potere, ndikofunikira kusiya zipatso zonse, chifukwa zimatenga mphamvu zambiri pachomera chaching'ono.
Mbeu za Hydrangea
Pambuyo pazaka 2 kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yachilimwe (m'malo omwe kumakhala kozizira - kumapeto), maluwa amakula amadzasulidwa dothi lotseguka, pomwepo mpaka malo okhazikika. Mukamasankha malo abwino, musaiwale kuti mitundu yonse ndijambulidwa ndipo imafunikira dzuwa. Komabe, pali mitundu ingapo ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana (yowuma, Sargent, yoyipa komanso yofanana ndi mitengo) yomwe imamva bwino mumithunzi. Dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira, lolemera ndi organic kanthu, osalowerera kapena pang'ono acidic. Dothi la alkaline limatha kuphatikiza ndi kutenga peat peat kapena Acid Plus acidifier. Pafupi ndi maluwa awa, sikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mitengo kapena zitsamba zomwe zili ndi mizu yapadziko lapansi, chifukwa patapita nthawi pang'ono mbewuzi zimamenyerana wina ndi mnzake chifukwa cha madzi ndi zina zofunikira.
Choyamba, ndikofunikira kukumba dzenje, pomwe kukula kwake kuyenera kukhala kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa mizu ya mmera limodzi ndi mtanda wina wotulutsidwa. Kenako feteleza wachilengedwe komanso michere, komanso peat, ayenera kuwonjezeredwa kudzenje, lomwe liyenera kusakanizika ndi nthaka. Kenako mmera, womwe umatulutsidwa limodzi ndi chinyontho cha dziko lapansi, umayenera kugwedezeka pansi ndikuchotsa mizu. Kenako imatsitsidwa kudzenje, yomwe imakutidwa ndi kompositi ndi dothi. Nthawi yomweyo, mizu imayenera kukwera pamwamba kwambiri panthaka. Kenako dothi liyenera kukumbidwa, kuthirira chitsamba ndi kudzaza malowo ndi mulch (khungwa kapena singano).
Chisamaliro chakunja cha hydrangea
Malamulo osamalira chisamaliro
Sikovuta kusamalira chomera chotere, komabe, muyenera kuchita izi molondola. Chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwachilengedwe kwa hydrangea ndikofunikira kuthirira. Chifukwa chake, munthawi yoyaka pamafunika kuthiriridwa kawiri m'masiku 7, pomwe zidebe zazikulu za 3-5 zimathiridwa pamtchire wachikulire ndi tepid komanso madzi okhazikika. Pomwe chiwembuchi chili ndi mulch munthawi ya peat, kuthirira kungachepe.
Kuti mupeze mpweya wambiri kumizu, muyenera kumasula dothi mozungulira chomera kangapo pachaka mpaka pakuya pafupifupi masentimita 5. Komanso, muyenera kusankha panokha zomwe zimayamba kuzimiririka.
Feteleza wa Hydrangea
Kuti mukwaniritse maluwa ambiri, muyenera kudyetsa maluwa osachepera 2 pachaka. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mbewuyo isanayambe kutulutsa komanso kuti imera. Kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa nyengo yamasika, yankho la urea (2 g pa madzi okwanira 1 litre) limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba hydrangea. Poterepa, 1 litre lifunika malita 30 a yankho. Mbewuyo ikazirala, feteleza wachilengedwe wazovuta azigwiritsidwa ntchito kuzidyetsa. Munthawi yachilimwe, akatswiri amalangizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito slurry ngati chovala chapamwamba. Komabe, musawonjezere, chifukwa ma hydrangeas ochulukirapo ali ndi inflorescence zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zitha kuthyola nthambi zosalimba. Kuti mupewe izi, mutha kumanganso chitsamba.
Kudulira kwa Hydrangea
Kuchepetsa kuyenera kukhala zitsamba zomwe ndizakale kwambiri kuposa zaka 3-4. Mitundu yotuluka pamiyendo ya chaka chamawa iyenera kudulira kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, masamba asanatseguke, komanso kuti madzi akuyamba asanayambike, apo ayi mbewuyo ingathere ndi madzi, yomwe ikanayambitsa kufa. Komabe, mutadulira koyambirira kwambiri, kudula sikungazike mizu. Motere, kudulira kuyenera kuchitika panthawi yomwe impso zimayamba kuwoneka ngati zamoyo komanso kutupa pang'ono. Mtengo wa hydrangea ndiwomwe umayamba kudzutsa, motero uyenera kudulidwa kaye. Amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yokonzedwa kutalika kwa masamba atatu. Pambuyo pake, nthambi yomwe idayambika ikhoza kugawidwa. Hydrangea wamantha amafunika kudulira mosamala kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, zitsamba za chaka chatha ziyenera kufupikitsidwa ndi 1/3, koma zodula zothandiza zimapezeka pazigawo zotere. Kudulira kwamaluwa kolimba sikufunika. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yamasika, tsinde la 4 lililonse limadulidwa, makamaka ngati likukula mkati mwa chitsamba. Ndipo ndikofunikira kuchotsa nthambi zouma ndi zowonongeka.
Kufalitsa kwa haidrangea ndi odulidwa
Mukakonza hydrangea, mudzakhala ndi zigawo zingapo, ndipo mutha kupanga zidulidwe kwa iwo. Pa aliyense wa cuttings ayenera kukhala 2 malo. Pankhaniyi, kudula pamwamba pa mfundo yomwe ili pamwamba kuyenera kukhala kowongoka, ndipo pansi pake pansi - oblique. Nthawi yomweyo, masentimita 2-3 ayenera kubwezeretsedwanso pamtengo, kenako kudula kuyenera kupangidwa. Dzazani chidebe chobiriwira ndi chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga ndikutsamira pang'onopang'ono mpaka masentimita atatu, ndikuthilira bwino. Pambuyo pa izi, wowonjezera kutentha pamtunda ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi pulasitiki "nyumba". Zodulidwazo ziyenera kukhala zonyowa mwadongosolo ndi mfuti yopopera kuti nthaka nthawi zonse ikhale yonyowa. Pambuyo pozika mizu kwathunthu, zodulidwazo ziyenera kubzalidwe panthaka pamalo okhazikika. Nyengo yachisanu isanayambe, ayenera kukhala ndi nthawi yolimba.
Hydrangea pambuyo maluwa
Chomera chomwe chinazimiririka chimayenera kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu. Mbande zomwe zakulidwa muzotengera ziyenera kusamutsidwa kuchipinda. Zomera zomwe zimamera panthaka, maluwa osadukiza ayenera kudulidwa, chifukwa ngati kunyowa chifukwa cha mvula ndi chipale chofewa, amatha kukhala olemera kwambiri ndipo amatha kuthyola nthambi. Tifunikanso kukumbira pansi tchire lokwera kwambiri, mudzaze dothi lozungulira mozungulira ndi mulch, lomwe lingathandize kuteteza mizu kuti isazizire. Mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu kwambiri ndi chivundikiro cha pansi ndi mantha. Zimayambira ngati mbewu izi zisanayambike nthawi yophukira zimakhala zokhazikika, zomwe zimawathandiza kulekerera chisanu, ngakhale sichinakutidwa (mutakula m'malo okhala ndi nyengo yofunda). Komanso, musaphimbe mtengo wa hydrangea wozizira ngati nyengo.
Hydrangea nthawi yachisanu
Kukonzekera hydrangea nthawi yachisanu
Nthawi yozizira komanso yozizira yambiri imalola mitundu yokonda kwambiri nyengo yachisanu popanda pogona (serrate ndi hydrangea yayikulu-yayikulu). Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti izikhala yozizira kapena yotentha nyengo yachisanu, palibe amene akudziwa motsimikiza kuti chipale chofewa chidzagwa bwanji. Ndikwabwino kusewera motetezeka ndipo, ngakhale kuti olosera nyengo amalonjeza nyengo yachisanu, konzekerani mbewuzo nthawi yachisanu, monga ziyenera. Chifukwa ngati nyengo yolosera sizolondola, ndiye kuti zosakonzekera nyengo yachisanu zitha kufa.
Ndi nthawi yanji ndibwino kuphimba maluwa ndi momwe angachitire? Monga lamulo, njirayi imachitika mu Okutobala, chisanu woyamba chikadatha. Ngati tchire ndi laling'ono, ndiye kuti liyenera kudzazidwa ndi dothi louma. Tchire tating'onoting'ono liyenera kukanikizidwa kunthaka ndikuphimbidwa ndi zofolerera kapena lutrasil. Ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi njerwa, popeza pogona zoterezi zimatha kunyamulidwa ndi mphepo. Pa tchire zakale tifunika kuyesetsa kwambiri. Mchamba uyenera kumangirizidwa mosamala kenako wokutidwa ndi spanbond kapena lutrasil. Pambuyo pake, kuzungulira chitsamba, muyenera kupanga chimango chachitsulo kuchokera ku gululi, yomwe imayenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical. Poterepa, makoma a chipangizocho ayenera kukhala mainchesi 20-25 kuchokera pachitsamba, ndipo akuyenera kukwera masentimita 10 pamwamba pake. Malo opanda kanthu mu kapangidwe kamayenera kudzazidwa ndi masamba owuma. Mu kasupe (Epulo), ukonde wokhala ndi masamba ungachotsedwe, koma spanbond amachotsedwa pokhapokha kuwopseza chisanu kwatha.
Hydrangea nthawi yachisanu
Inunso mutha kusankha kuti mudzasunga maluwa kapena ayi. Zosankha pamwambazi ndi zabwino kwa nyengo yozizira kwambiri yophimba chipale chofewa. Pakakhala kuti m'malo omwe mumakhala yozizira kwambiri, ndiye kuti mutha kuphimba hydrangea mosavuta. Ndipo ngati mukukula mitundu yazomera-yozizira, ndiye kuti simungathe kuziphimba konse. Komabe, ngati nyengo yozizira komwe mumakhala nthawi zambiri imakhala yozizira, ndibwino kusamalira pobisalira hydrangea m'dzinja ndiye kuti mudzatsimikiza kuti itha kupulumuka ngakhale chisanu kwambiri.
Mitundu ya zithunzi ndi mayina a hydrangea
Ngati mukuganiza zokongoletsa dimba lanu ndi hydrangea, ndiye poyamba muyenera kulabadira mawonekedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewuyi. Kenako mutha kusankha mitundu yomwe ingakhale yoyenera bwino m'munda wanu. Ndikofunikanso kudziwa momwe mtundu uliwonse wa mbewu umafunikira kuusamalira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati hydrangea yokhala ngati mitengo kapena yayikulu-yotsekemera iyenera kukonzekereratu nthawi yozizira ndikuwudulira mosiyana ndi panicle hydrangea. Ngati mukudziwa zambiri za malamulo posamalira mbewu zotere, ndiye kuti kuzisamalira sizovuta.
Mtengo Hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens)
Mitundu iyi ndiyotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa omwe amakhala m'ma lat lat. Chomera chimawonetsedwa ngati zitsamba. Kutalika kwake kumatha kusiyana 100 mpaka 300 cm. Ma inflorescence amakula pamtunda wa zimayambira pachaka. Maluwa akangoyamba kutseguka, amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiliwira, atatsegulidwa kwathunthu, amasintha mtundu wawo kukhala zonona kapena zoyera. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi iyi: "Mzimu Wosaoneka" - maluwa ali ndi utoto wa pinki; "Sterilis" - inflorescence adayera yoyera, pomwe mbewu iyi imamasuwa kwambiri; "Annabelle" ndi "Grandiflora" - ali ndi inflorescence zazikulu kwambiri zojambula zoyera (zindikirani kuti panicle hydrangea imakhala ndi mitundu yofanana ndi mayina omwewo).
Panicle Hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata)
Pazinthu zachilengedwe, chomera chotere chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mtengo kapena shrub, kutalika kwake komwe kungasiyane ndi 2 mpaka 5. Mitundu iyi imadziwika kuti ndiodziwika kwambiri wamaluwa.Popanda kumuyika pamalo omwewo, hydrangea yamtunduwu imatha kukula ndikukula mwachilengedwe kwa zaka zopitilira 40. Zimayambira za mbewuyi ndizophatikizika munthawi yochepa, ndichifukwa chake imawerengedwa kuti ndi yozizira. Inflorescence amakula kumtunda kwa tsinde la chaka chino, pomwe maluwa amasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwake. Komabe, masamba opangidwa m'masiku a June omalizira amatsegulidwa kokha mu Ogasiti kapena Seputembala. Ma inflorescence amtundu wamtunduwu amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a piramidi. Maluwa akayamba kutseguka, amakhala ndi utoto wobiriwira, ndipo atatseguka kwathunthu amakhala oyera. Pakutha kwa nthawi yachilimwe, amakhala pinki wopepuka, kenako njerwa. Pamene maluwa ayamba kutha, ndiye kuti maluwa amakumbanso kubiriwira. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi Grandiflora, Quiche, Vanilla Freise ndi Tardiva.
Leafy hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla)
Kapena munda - nthawi zambiri umalimidwa m'mundamo. Komabe, mitundu yaanthu payokha itha kubzalidwa mumipanda yamkati kapena pa terata. Masamba ofiirira ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Zomwe zimayambira chaka chino ndi udzu, ndichifukwa chake chitsamba sichinachite kuzizira kwambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti inflorescences amawonekera pamapulogalamu a chaka chatha, monga masamba awo akukula m'dzinja, ndipo amayamba kumera mchaka. Monga lamulo, inflorescence imakhala ndi kalidovidny, mawonekedwe ambulera, imatchedwanso hemispherical kapena Japan. Mtundu wa maluwa umatengera dothi la dothi. Posachedwa mitundu yamitundu yosangalatsa: "Chilimwe Chamuyaya" - m'nthaka ya acidic - mtundu wamtambo, wopanda - lilac; "Steata Steinger" - wabuluu; "Zowonetsa" ndi "Romance" - ali ndi maluwa awiri.
Hydrangea oak (Hydrangea quercifolia)
Imakhala ndi chisanu chochepa kwambiri ndipo imafunikira kutchinjiriza nyengo yachisanu. Limamasula bwino kwambiri ndipo masamba ake amawoneka bwino. Ili ndi kutalika pafupifupi mamita 2. Kutalika kwa ma inflorescence ooneka ngati panicle kumayambira 10 mpaka 30 cm. Maluwa amayamba mu June-Julayi, pomwe kumayambiriro maluwa amakhala oyera, kenako amatembenukira utoto.
Ground Hydrangea (Hydrangea heteromalla)
Kapena hydrangea wokhala ndi mizu yosiyanasiyana - mitundu yozizira kwambiri. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, kutalika kumatha kufika masentimita 200-300. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe oyenera. Kutalika kwa masamba obiriwira obiriwira pafupifupi masentimita 20. Mbali yakutsogolo kwawo ndi yosalala, ndipo mbali yolakwika imatha. Kutulutsa kwamtundu wa corymbose koyambirira kumayera, kenako kumapeto kwa maluwa kutuwa pinki. Maluwa amayamba m'masiku otsiriza a June kapena Julayi woyamba. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya burashi ndi Bretschneider, yemwe limamasula kwambiri ndi inflorescence yayikulu yakuda yoyera.
Komanso, wamaluwa amakulitsa hydrangea: phulusa, serrate, chowala, chosasangalatsa. Ndipo amalimanso mtundu wakukwera wa petiolate hydrangea, koma monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, awa si hydrangea.
