Yemwe anali ndi mwayi kumuwona nthawi yamaluwa, sadzaiwala Wisteria mpaka masiku atatha. Anthu abwino okhala kum'mwera - amatha kusirira maluwa omwe amakhala m'munda mwawo, ndipo okhala kumpoto, omwe cholowa chawo ndi kuzungulira nyumba zokhala ndi mphesa zosachepera za atsikana, ndikulota mwachinsinsi kumzinda wowala ndi wowotcha m'munda wawo. Wisteria ndi chomera cha thermophilic. Mu Crimea, Caucasus ndi Transcarpathia limamasula kwambiri komanso mosalekeza. Amaluwa ofooka kumpoto ndipo amafunika malo ogona nthawi yachisanu.
Wachinayi Wisteria. © 3268zauberWisteria (wa ku Greek. ΓλΓκυ - okoma), kapena wisteria (lat. Wisteria) - mtundu wamtali wamtali wamtali-wamtali wamtundu wochokera ku banja la legume wokhala ndi masamba akulu, osatupa, ubwana - pubescent, pambuyo pake wamaliseche, wowoneka bwino wofiirira, wosakonda kuyera , maluwa, atapachikidwa, mabulashi otayirira mpaka 30 cm. Kukula mu nthawi ya masika, kumapangitsa mitsuko yopanda maluwa nthawi yonse yotentha. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino popanga mawonekedwe.
Wisteria ndi chomera chodziwika chomwe chimafuna malo abwino - nthaka yachonde komanso dzuwa lowala. Ikani zothandizira zamphamvu, pamene wisteria imakula mwachangu nthawi komanso imakhala m'dera lalikulu. Wisteria amathanso kubzala pamaso pa nyumba kapena pa terata. Posachedwa chomera chokongola ichi chidzakongoletsa malowo ndi zipatso zake zokongola zonunkhira bwino. Wisteria akhoza kubzala pa pergola kapena munda gazebo. Gwiritsani ntchito kuchotsera makoma. Maluwa amatumphuka pakakhala masamba. Zikuwoneka kale maluwa.
Mitundu ya Wisteria ndiyodabwitsa kwambiri ndi kukongola kwa maluwa ambiri omwe amatengedwa mu inflorescence-brushes, omwe amatha kufikira 80 cm. Maluwa amatulutsa nthawi imodzi ndi mawonekedwe a masamba, kapena kale pang'ono. Wisteria, monga chomera cha tubular, amakula kuti azikongoletsa makonde oyang'ana kumwera, komwe kumakhala kuwala komanso kutentha kwambiri. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, mbewu zimaphuka kwambiri mu nthawi yamasika komanso theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, koma zofooka.
Wisteria ikufalikira kwambiri, kalasi "Violacea Plena". © CliffChisamaliro
Kuyambira kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe, kuthirira ndizochepa, nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono nthawi zonse. Dothi liyenera kukhala lopepuka, lolemera ndi michere. Chlorosis (kuwalitsa masamba) nthawi zambiri kumayamba kumera panthaka. Wisteria salekerera madzi owonjezera. Pakumapeto kwa mvula, muyenera kuthirira mbewuzo bwino kuti masamba asathenso. Pa budding ndi maluwa, kamodzi pa sabata amadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wamadzi. Kwa maluwa apamwamba, wisteria sayenera kukhala osachepera theka la tsiku padzuwa. Amafuna malo ogona nyengo yachisanu. Koma mitundu ina imalimbana ndi chisanu mpaka -20 ° C.
Kuti muwonjezere maluwa ambiri, chikopa chimayenera kudulidwedwa katatu. Kudulira koyamba kumachitika mutatha maluwa, kufupikitsa mbali zonse zimatulutsa ndi magawo awiri mwa atatu a kutalika kwawo. Lachiwiri limachitika mu kugwa masamba atagwa. Nthawi yomweyo, nthambi zamtundu wokhazikika mu chilimwe ndi zomwe zimawonekera patadula nyengo yachilimwe zimafupikitsidwa, ndikusiya masamba atatu omwe ma inflorescence adzawonekera.
Pakati pa Russia, pamafunika malo abwino osungirako nyengo yachisanu.
White Wisteria. Sisinghurst Castle Garden, England. © OdIKukula
Wisteria wakula osati poyera. Imakhala bwino m'miphika ndi maluwa pamtengo wamtengo wokhazikika, womwe umatha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito kudulira koyenera. M'dzinja, mbewu zotere zimabweretsedwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 8-10. yokhala ndi chinyezi cha 65-75% ndi kuyatsa kowala (2500-6500 lux). M'nyengo yozizira, madzi ambiri. Mu March, achinyamata ofananira nawo mphukira kudula masamba atatu, ndikupanga korona. M'nthawi yachilimwe amazitengera panja ndikuzithilira mokwanira.
Kuti muthe kuzolowera malo atsopano komanso kuzika mizu, ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi wisteria ndi mizu yotsekedwa. Mukamagula mbande zamtundu umodzi, onetsetsani kuti zamanikizidwa. Kupanda kutero, mbewuyo imaphuka kokha patatha zaka zochepa ndikukula kochepa. Osagula mbande zazing'ono kwambiri, chifukwa mbewu zotere sizimaphuka posachedwa.
Wisteria ndi chomera chokongola kwambiri chamaluwa chomwe chimasangalatsa diso ndi maluwa opepuka. Amakhala ndi ma inflorescence okongola, onunkhira a pang'onopang'ono, akugwera pansi ngati mapesi amadzi. Pansipa ya wisteria, tulips yoyera ndi daffodils, lacacinths yamdima yakuda kapena daffodils wachikasu ndi impel haz grouse (Fritillaria imperialis) amawoneka bwino. Chosaiwalika ndi nthochi zofiirira zakuda za Darwin zomwe zimamera pansi pa mtengo. Masamba onunkhira a daphne wamba (Daphne mezereum), omwe amasangalalanso malo otentha, otentha, amakhalanso osakanikirana bwino ndi matenda.
Bonsai wochokera ku Wisteria. © CliffKuswana
Wisteria imafalikira ndikukhazikika mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, ndi mbewu kumayambiriro kwa masika.
Omwe alimi ambiri sapeza njira yovuta kwambiri. Koma chipiriro ndi ntchito zidzakupera zonse. Mbewu zofesedwa m'malo obisalamo nyengo yachisanu (kumapeto kwa Novembala - kumayambiriro kwa Disembala) kapena m'nthaka kumayambiriro kwa kasupe (Marichi). Mu greenh m'nyumba, mbewu yofesedwa osakanikirana bwino gawo lapansi kuchokera pepala, kuwaika nthaka ndi mchenga (4: 1: 1) pamwamba ndi owazidwa ndi mchenga. Valani mbewu ndigalasi kapena filimu yowoneka bwino komanso yoyera m'malo amdima. Sungani dothi. Mbeu zaku China Wisteria zimamera pa kutentha 20 - 25 degrees, mumdima wathunthu. Mphukira zoyambirira zimawonekera patatha milungu 3-4. Pambuyo pa masabata 1-1,5, mbande zimawululidwa, ndikusintha koyamba dzuwa. Masamba awiri akaoneka, chitani chomera cha pikiroaku ndi mtanda wapansi, popanda kuphwanya mizu.
Kuti muzutse zigawozi mchaka, sankhani mphukira yam pachaka ndikugwiritsa ntchito mpeni kuti mupange kutalika kwakatikati pakati kutalika kwake. Tsambalo limayikidwa mumphika ndi gawo lapansi (dongo labwino). Pamwambapo mpirawo umalimbikitsidwa pakumangirira kuchithandizo. Pamapeto kwa chilimwe, kuyika mizu ndi mitengo yambiri kumabzalidwa monga momwe mukufuna.
Kudula mu Marichi-Epulo. Pa odulidwa amadula chaka chilichonse mphukira 20-25 cm. Yokhala ndi dothi lochokera pamtunda, peat, humus ndi mchenga (3: 1: 1: 1)
Wisteria ndi maluwa ambiri. Park ya Ashikaga Flower, Ashikaga, Dera la Tochigi, Chilumba cha Honshu, Japan. © TANAKAKatundu
Masamba ali ndi katundu wofunika wa antiotic; phytoncides wawo wosakhazikika akuletsa kukula kwa tubercle bacillus.
Mitundu
China Wisteria - Wisteria chinensis
Maluwa okongola, okhala ndi masamba ambiri, ochokera ku China, amafikira kutalika kwa 15-20 m, ali ndi masamba akulu, osatupa, amakhala ndi ubwana, pambuyo pake amakhala maliseche, maluwa owala, osayera kwambiri, maluwa. popachika, mabulashi otayirira mpaka 30 cm.kutulutsa mu nthawi yamasika, imakhala ndi mabichi otumphukira nthawi yonse yotentha. Chipatsochi chimakhala ndi nyemba zophukira mpaka 15 cm.
Zithunzi zambiri, zofunikira panthaka, zimakonda chonyowa komanso chonde kwambiri. Imalekerera mikhalidwe yamzindawu ndipo kutentha kwakanthawi kotsikira mpaka -20 ° C. Chimakula msanga, kupindika patali. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera ndi malo olima khosi kumwera kwa Russia.
Imodzi mwa mipesa yokongola kwambiri, yowoneka bwino kwambiri nthawi yamaluwa. Imakongoletsedwanso ndi masamba ake okongola, onenepa, omwe amakhala ndi utoto wachikasu pakuphukira. Ndi kudulira mwadongosolo, imatha kumera ngati mtengo, wokhazikika, wokhazikika womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pakadutsa kamodzi pa udzu. Zoyenera pachikhalidwe. Pa chikhalidwe kuyambira 1816.
Ali ndi mitundu yaminda:
- ndi maluwa oyera;
- ndi maluwa awiri.
Wisteria ndi maluwa ambiri, kapena maluwa ambiri - Wisteria floribunda
Chimakhala chofanana ndi mtundu wam'mbuyomu, koma chimasiyana kwa icho m'mlingo wocheperako (8-10 m) ndi yokulirapo, masamba ovuta mpaka 40 masentimita, ndi kuchuluka kwa timapepala tomwe timatalika mpaka 19. maluwa ambiri ndi inflorescence mpaka masentimita 50. Maluwa ndi ang'ono, ofiirira-abuluu. Limamasula patatha milungu iwiri. Kutulutsa maluwa kumayambira pang'onopang'ono burashi pang'onopang'ono (ku China Wisteria, kutulutsa maluwa pafupifupi nthawi imodzi). Zipatso zimasungidwa pachomera nthawi yonse yozizira. Ikukulira mosinthasintha.
Zambiri zosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu (mpaka -23 madigiri) komanso zokongoletsa kuposa China wisteria. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokongoletsa, komwe kumayamikiridwa chifukwa cha masamba ambiri okongola, okongola, maluwa ambiri komanso zipatso zokongola. Pa chikhalidwe kuyambira pachiyambi cha zaka za XIX.
Mitundu yokongoletsa:
- ndi maluwa oyera, mpaka 60 masentimita inflorescence;
- ndi maluwa otuwa apinki, nsonga za mapiko ndi bwato lomwe liri lofiirira;
- ndi maluwa ofiirira;
- bulashi yayikulu ndi maburashi mpaka 1.5 m kutalika ndi timapepala tofika 10 cm;
- ndi masamba osiyanasiyana.
Wisteria wokongola - Wisteria venusta
Liana mpaka 10 m.Mabowo akuwombera. Masamba ndi ovuta, mpaka 10 cm. mbali zonse ziwiri za silkycent, makamaka kuchokera pansi. Maluwawa ndi oyera, mpaka 2,5 cm, atapangidwa mumabulashi opachika mpaka 15-20 cm. Maluwa mu Meyi-June. Pali mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa oyera awiri komanso maluwa ofiirira. Zipatso - nyemba mpaka 20 cm, yokutidwa ndi velvety pubescence. Kucha mu Novembala. Zinaonekera ku Western Europe kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, komanso ku Russia kuyambira 1936.
Wisteria shrubby - Wisteria frutescens
Liana mpaka 12 m wamtali. Ndi nthambi zake. Maluwa atuwa ndi amtundu waung'ono ndi ochepa ngati a Wisteria venusta, monga masamba. Mu chikhalidwe nthawi ndi nthawi ku Crimea, komwe limamasula ndipo limabala zipatso, komanso ku Chisinau. Zoyenera pachikhalidwe. Onani Kwambiri - Large-Wisteria - W. macrostachys (Torr. Et Gray) Robins, et Fern, ochokera ku Sev. America, yokhala ndi inflorescence yayitali, yoyesedwa ku Dushanbe, nthawi zina imawombera mwanjira ina.
Japan Wisteria - Wisteria japonica
Liana wokhala ndi maluwa oyera. Zabwino kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina, komanso kutentha pang'ono yozizira - pagombe lakuda la Caucasus; Ku Tallinn kumazizira koopsa.
