Wobadwa chilimwe aliyense amafuna kukula ndi kutola masamba abwino, athanzi, zipatso ndi zipatso, koma zomwe zili pamabedi sizabwino. Copper sulfate, yemwe kugwiritsa ntchito ulimi wake kwatsimikizika kuti ndi wogwira ntchito, ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimagwirizana ndi bowa.
Zomwe zakugwiritsira ntchito mkuwa sulphate polima komanso kulima maluwa ndizoposa zaka zana. Munthawi imeneyi, mankhwala ena othandizira opanga mankhwala nawonso adawonekeranso, koma sulfate yamkuwa imagwiritsidwabe ntchito masiku ano. Chifukwa cha mkuwa, panganoli limangoteteza mbewu ku matenda owopsa, komanso lili ndi phindu pa mbewu yabwino.
Njira Zosamala Mukamagwiritsa Ntchito Copter Sulphate Pakulima
Kugwiritsa ntchito mosaganizira zamkuwa sulfate kumatha kubweretsa kudzikundikira kwa mkuwa m'dothi lachonde ndi madzi, kuwotcha ndi kuwonongeka kwa tiziwalo timene timagwiridwa matenda, komanso zotsatira zosayenera paumoyo waanthu.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutsatira:
- Mlingo wamkuwa wa sulfate wolimbikitsidwa kupopera mitengo mu kasupe;
- mawu okonzera mbewu zina za m'munda;
- njira zoteteza mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, ndiye kuti, gwiritsani ntchito zida zodzitetezera.
Asanayambe kugwira ntchito ndi vitriol buluu, wosamalira mundawo ayenera kusamalira kukhalapo kwa magalasi, kupuma kapena bandeji ya thonje-gauze, magolovu, zovala zantchito ndi nsapato zosavuta kuyeretsa. Njira yothetsera vutoli imakonzedwa mu chiwiya china chomwe sichimalumikizana ndi chakudya ndi madzi akumwa.
Pochiza mitengo yokhala ndi mkuwa wa sulfate kasupe kapenanso pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina pogwiritsa ntchito bowa, amaonetsetsa kuti kulibe anthu komanso nyama zosatetezeka pafupi. Kupatula evapike owopsa a makemikolo, umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kutentha kwa mpweya pansi pa +30 ° C.
Migwirizano yokonza dimba ndi mkuwa wa sulfate
Kuchita bwino kwa mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amkuwa kumatengera kutsatira malangizo, kusankha kwa mulingo komanso nthawi yoyenera yogwiritsira ntchito. Kodi kupopera mitengo ndi buluu vitriol mu kasupe, chilimwe kapena yophukira?
Njira yothetsera mkuwa sulfate ndi mankhwala amadzi omwe amayamwa komanso kuyatsa. Kumwaza ndi masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono sikungoteteza ku bowa, komanso kungawononge mbewu. Kuphatikiza apo, mkuwa wa sulfate umangochita zokha zokha, osakhudza mycelium. Chifukwa chake, sulfate yamkuwa ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira mankhwala obzala m'minda momwe zizindikiro zoyambirira zikuwonongeka.
Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kupewa. Izi zimathandiziridwa pochotsa mundawo ndi mkuwa wamkuwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, pomwe masamba pamitengo ndi zitsamba sanaphuke, kapena pakugwa, atagwa.
Nthawi yomweyo, mabwalo oyandikira-tsinde amathiriridwa ndi sulfate yamkuwa, yomwe imathandiza kuthana ndi bowa zambiri zomwe zimadziunjikira pamtunda wa dothi ndipo zimasinthidwa kukhala mbewu zokhala ndi mphepo kapena madontho amadzi.
Masamba obiriwira, sulfate yamkuwa ndi kukonzekera zozikidwa pamenepo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala pochiza ndi prophylaxis, mpaka spores yochokera kuzomera zomwe zakhudzidwa zibalalike muzomera zathanzi.
Njira zakugwiritsira ntchito mkuwa sulphate m'minda
Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mkuwa sulfate mu horticulture amafotokozera mankhwalawa ngati ufa wa makristalo a mtundu wa buluu kapena mtundu wamtambo, womwe, ukayatsidwa ndi mpweya kwanthawi yayitali, umakhala wovuta kwambiri, koma umabweranso ngati mkuwa wa sulfate utasungunuka pokhudzana ndi chinyezi.
Chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi:
- zotsika mtengo, zothandiza antiseptic;
- fungicide pa-kubzala kukonzekera kwa tubers, mbewu, chithandizo cha mitengo ndi zitsamba;
- Kukonzekera kukonza bwino nthaka ndikuchepetsa kwa humus ndi mkuwa.
Panthaka yokhala ndi mchenga wokwera kwambiri, peatlands ndi madera ena pomwe mbewu zimadwala chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa mkuwa, kuphika kwa ufa kungayikidwe kumayambiriro kwa kasupe komanso nyengo yachisanu isanachitike.
Copper sulfate imadyedwa pamlingo wa 1 gramu pa mita lalikulu, yomwe kale inkasakanizidwa ndi gawo laling'ono. Pamadothi olimidwa, pofuna kupewa kuchulukana ndi mkuwa, wothandizirayo amayambitsidwa pafupipafupi kwa zaka 4-5, uku nthawi yomweyo akuchititsa mbewu kuzungulira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mkuwa sulfate mu horticulture mu kasupe sikumangokhala ufa. Nthaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi yankho pazakumwa 5 magalamu a wothandizila pa malita 10 a madzi. Izi zimathandiza kuteteza mbewu zapachaka ku Fusarium, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zowola, miyendo yakuda.
Pakutalika kwa nyengo yakukula, ndiye kuti, pakati pa chilimwe, ngati mbewu zikuwonetsa zizindikiro za chlorosis ndi kuletsa kukula, nthaka yomwe ili pansi pawo imathiriridwa ndi ofooka, pafupifupi gramu imodzi ya mkuwa sulfate pa 10 malita a madzi, yankho.
Kuzunzidwa kwakukulu. 100 magalamu 10 malita a madzi, mkuwa sulfate imagunda causative wothandizila wa moniliosis, nkhanambo, klyasterosporioz, anthracnose ndi powdery mildew, coccomycosis, wilting ndi zingapo mawanga. Yogwira madzi imatulutsa disinfides malo owonongeka pamitengo ya zipatso ndi zokongoletsera. Potere, mulingo wamkuwa wa sulfate mu ulimi wamaluwa umakwirira:
- zipatso zamiyala, kuphatikiza ma plums ndi ma cherries, ma apricots, minga, yamatcheri ndi yamapichesi;
- mapeyala ndi mitengo ya maapulo;
- zitsamba za zipatso, mwachitsanzo, mitundu yonse ya currants, rasipiberi ndi gooseberries;
- mipesa.
Mu nthawi yophukira, maluwa amathiridwa ndi yankho la magalamu 50 amkuwa wa sulfate mu 10 malita a madzi. Mbande samatetezedwa ndi kumiza muzu wamafuta kamodzi m'madzi. Ndondomeko yomweyo, koma yofooka yocheperako, idayikidwa mbande za sitiroberi ndi mbewu zina zobiriwira, ndipo mankhwala amomwe amadzimadzi amachepetsedwa ndikuwonjezera zina.
Musanayambe kuweta miyala ya mkuwa kuti muigwiritse ntchito kulima, muyenera kusamalira ndalama zokwanira.
Pakatikati pa mitengo yokhwima pali malita 10. Pazovala zazing'ono, zitsamba zazitali ndi zitsamba zazitali, zimafunikira malita awiri, ndipo pazitsamba wamba zimatenga malita ndi theka amadzimadzi. Panthawi ya chithandizo cha mbewu, onetsetsani kuti yankho silikugwera kokha pamitengo ya mitengo ikuluikulu.
Momwe mungaberekire miyala yamkuwa yamaluwa
Njira yothetsera mkuwa sulfate imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito, chifukwa chake, imakonzedwa musanapopera mbewu m'munda zipatso, kukonza zobzala kapena zobiriwira.
Momwe mungasungire mkuwa sulfate wopopera mitengo? Buluu lamtambo limasungunuka m'madzi pang'ono, kenako madzi, osangalatsa, osinthidwa kuti azitsatira. Kukonza ziyenera kuchitika nthawi yomweyo.
Nthawi yabwino kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi youma komanso kotentha, komwe kumakhala dzuwa, ndikutseka chomera. Ndikofunikira kuchita kukonzekera m'mawa kapena madzulo dzuwa litalowa.
Popeza machitidwe a mkuwa sulphate ndikukonzekera motengera momwemo kumatha sabata limodzi, ndipo pafupifupi maola 4 ayenera kudutsa kuti akwaniritse zomwe mukufuna. Ngati nthawi yoyambirira mbewu zimayamba kugwa mvula kapena kuthirira, mphamvu ya vitriol imachepa.
Ndi unyinji wazinthu zofunikira zamkuwa wa sulfate, mankhwalawa ali ndi vuto lalikulu - kuchuluka kwa acidity. Chifukwa cha izo, yankho limawotcha magawo obiriwira a mbewu, mphukira zazing'ono ndi mizu, kotero kukula kwa vitriol ndizochepa.
Kuti muchepetse kuwopsa kwa mkuwa wa sulfate, laimu imathandiza. Kusakaniza kotere, kusungunuka m'madzi, komwe kumatchedwa madzi a Bordeaux, kumakhala ndi zovuta zonse za vitriol ndipo, ndi kuchuluka kwa poizoni, sikuvulaza mbewu zam'munda. Mwa zina mwa matenda omwe amaperekedwa ndi Bordeaux madzimadzi ndi nkhanambo, vuto lakachedwa, khansa, matenda am'mimba, dzimbiri ndi chifuwa.
- Kukonzekera kwa zinthu zochokera ku laimu ndi sulfate yamkuwa yogwiritsidwa ntchito ku mankhwala a horticulture zimasakanikirana mosiyana ndi wina aliyense mumapulasitiki kapena magalasi. Zakudya zachitsulo sizoyenera chifukwa chaukali wazomwe zimapanga!
- Madzi oyera amatsanulidwa pang'onopang'ono mumkaka woyera wa laimu, wosalekeza.
- Pomaliza, yankho limasefedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito monga momwe mukufuna.
Pogwiritsa ntchito masika a Bordeaux madzimadzi, kuphatikiza kwake kumatha kukhala kwakukulu kuposa chilimwe. Mitengo imafafaniza yankho la 3 peresenti, ndikuchizira zitsamba zobiriwira za maluwa, sitiroberi, maluwa osatha ndi zitsamba amapanga gawo limodzi lokhazikika.
Madzi osagwira pang'ono osakhazikika pamkuwa wa sulfate ndi phulusa la koloko. Koma kusakaniza koteroko ndikosavuta kupanga pokhetsa njira ziwiri zomwe zimapangidwa kale. Madontho ake pamasamba samasiya kufufuza, ndipo kuti muthe kumamatira bwino pamtunda, mutha kuwonjezera mkaka, sopo kapena guluu wamatabwa.
Kutaya kwa chilimwe wokhala kumeneku kuli njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito mkuwa sulphate m'minda. Chachikulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi mwaluso, osavulaza maimidwe, nthaka, kapena anthu ena ozungulira.
