Amatcheri okoma, oyambirirawo amakondedwa ndi ambiri. Wamaluwa amaganiza za momwe angakulire zipatso zokoma za nthangala, zomwe pazifukwa zina sizingatheke kupeza mbande zosiyanasiyananso kapena iwo amene alibe nazo chidwi pakuwona momwe kuyesera uku kumathera.
Zojambula zamatcheri zomwe zimachokera ku maenje
Poyerekeza ndi wachibale wapamtima, ma cherries, ma cherries samakhala otentha nthawi yayitali ndipo mawonekedwe akumtchi sapezeka kumpoto chakumwera kwa Ukraine, Moldova, Kuban. Pofuna "kusesa" kukongola kwakumwera, kuti amuphunzitse kubala zipatso kumadera omwe ali ndi nyengo zowonjezereka ndikupereka mbewu zokhazikika, obereketsa amapanga zopangira ndi ma hybrids, kuphatikiza mbewu zomwe zimaphatikiza mphamvu zamatcheri ndi yamatcheri. Kudzilimbitsa kwakhala mphotho yopezera zinthu zofunikira. Ndiye kuti, chifukwa cha mungu m'mundawu m'munda womwe udabzalidwa mitengo nthawi imodzi, yoyenera nthawi yamaluwa.
Kodi ndizotheka kukula chitumbuwa chokoma kuchokera ku mwala? Inde, koma zimakhala zovuta kudziwa mitundu yake. Ndizotheka kuti nthangala kuchokera ku mabulosi okoma ambiri kenako imasandulika mbalame yamtchire yazipatso zazing'ono.
Komabe, mmera wotere, poyerekeza ndi mbande zogulidwa, uli ndi zabwino zambiri zomwe zingathandize wolimi kupeza cholimba, kenako ndi zipatso zobala zipatso:
- ndi kuchuluka kwa nyengo yachisanu;
- kusinthasintha kwabwino kwawoko;
- ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa chiwopsezo cha matenda wamba amwala zipatso.
Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono timabala zipatso, koma chifukwa cha izi, mitengo ndiyopindulitsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito ngati masheya amitundu itatu ndi ma hybrids.
Mitundu iwiri nthawi zina imalumikizidwa pa mbewu zazikulu nthawi imodzi. Izi zimawonjezera mwayi wakupukutira, kulola popanda kuwonjezera mtengo wobzala pollinators kuwonjezera zipatso.
Kusankhidwa ndi kukonzekera kwa mbewu zotsekemera
Kumera mu zipatso zamwala zambiri ndizabwino kwambiri. Mwa ma drupes 10, yamatanda 7-8 amapanga mphukira yolimba, yotheka kuchita. Kaya zipatso zamatcheri zimakula kuchokera ku mbewu zimadalira makamaka mtundu wa mbewu ndikukonzekera kwake koyenera.
Kuti muwonjezere mwayi, ndibwino kutenga zida kuchokera pazipatso zokhwima kapena zotayika kale. Yotsalira fupa, imasavuta. Mbeu zouma zomwe zasungidwa kuchokera nyengo yathayi sizabwino. Koma chochita, chifukwa kubzala mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe kumabweretsa kufooka kwa masamba, omwe nthawi yachisanu amatha kuthana ndi kufa kapena kufa?
Ndikothekanso kuteteza kumera ndi mphamvu ya mbeu poziika mu mchenga wonyowa komanso wowumitsa kale. Kuphatikiza apo, mwanjira iyi, drupe ndi yabwino kutumiza kuti ichokere, yomwe imalinganiza nyengo yachisanu mwachilengedwe ndipo imakonzekeretsa mazimba mkati mwa zipolopolo kuti kumera bwino.
Kubowola m'malo okoma kwa chitumbuwa musanabzalidwe
M'madera osiyanasiyana, kukonzekera kwa nthangala zotsekemera asanabzalire mu nthaka kumakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu. Kum'mwera chakumanzere, ndifupikitsa nthawi yocheperako komanso mwayi wopeza mphukira yolimba nthawi yophukira m'malo mofesa masika:
- Ku Crimea, kumwera kwa Ukraine, ku Kuban ndi m'chigawo cha Krasnodar, kubzala mbewu kumasungidwa mumchenga wonyowa mpaka nthawi yophukira. Kenako imakanda nyengo yachisanu bwino pazinthu zachilengedwe, ndipo mu mphukira ya masika imatuluka.
- Kummwera kwa Black Earth Region, ku Rostov Region ndi Stavropol Territory, ma drupes akhala mgulu lonyowa kwa miyezi isanu. Ndipo kuyambira kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, mafupa amakumana ndi zovuta zachilengedwe.
- Pakati pa nthawi yozizira, amakhala ovutitsa kwambiri mbewu, chifukwa chake amasungidwa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pa kutentha kwa 1-5 ° C mumchenga, osakaniza ndi dothi lamchenga kapena vermiculite, ndikufesedwa m'nthaka itatha chisanu kusungunuka.
Mbewu zisanayambe kuumitsa, zimathandizidwa ndi fungicides. Kuchita izi kumawonjezera kutetezedwa kwawo, kuteteza kukula kwa nkhungu zomwe zimasamba mosavuta mu chidebe chotsekedwa ndi chinyezi chambiri.
Tisanaphuke, zipatso zake zimayang'aniridwa, kusanjidwa ndi kuthandizidwa. Kumayambiriro koyambira, muli ndi mbewu zomwe zimatengedwa kupita naye kukhonde kapena kumabwalo, komwe zimakonkhedwa ndi chipale chofewa.
Momwe mungabzalire mbeu yokoma ya chitumbuwa?
Zipolopolo zikasokonekera ndipo pakamera pakati pawo, nthawi yobzala ifika. Kuti mukulitse chitumbuwa cha mwala kunyumba, mudzafunika:
- pulasitiki kapena poto woumba wokhoza kukhala ndi malita 0,5;
- ngalande, yomwe imathiridwa pansi ndi wosanjikiza 3-4 cm;
- dothi labwino lopatsa zipatso.
Mbewu zimabzalidwa mu dothi lonyowa, lopendekeka pang'ono mpaka 1 cm, kenako ndikumazidwa ndi gawo lapansi ndikuwumitsidwanso. Ngati mbande za drupe zibzalidwe pachidebe chimodzi, mumakhala pakati pawo masentimita 10-15. Mbewuzo zikamakula, zimakhwima ndikusunthira kuchidebe chokulirapo.
Mpaka chaka, mitengo yaying'ono sifunikira chisamaliro chapadera, kupatula kuthirira ndi kusakhazikika, koma kumasula dothi mosamala. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yothira ngati nthaka ikuma, ndipo ngati mbande zakula poyera, kamodzi pakatha masabata awiri.
Kupanga kwa korona kumayamba mchaka chachiwiri, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri ngati mbewuyo ipitilizidwa kulimidwa mumphika. Mtengo wakale wa chitumbuwa umasamutsidwanso pachidebe chachikulu.
Kulowetsedwa kwa chitumbuwa chokoma
Kukula mmera kudzasanduka mtengo wachichepere, womwe zaka 4 - 5 zimatha kuphukira ndikupanga ovary yoyamba. Komabe, mulibe muyezo kapena kuchuluka kwake silingafanane ndi kholo. Momwe mungakulire chitumbuwa chokoma kuchokera ku mwala, chomwe chilimwe chilichonse chimapatsa nyumba yadzuwa kutulutsa zipatso zabwino?
Njira yokhayo ndiyo katemera. Itha kuchitika mchaka chachitatu mutabzala. Monga Ankalumikiza, mutha kusankha mtundu uliwonse wa mitundu yomwe ilipo, yopangidwira malo ena.
Pa mitengo yaying'ono yaying'ono, ndikosavuta kupatsirana katemera. Kuti muchite izi, konzekerani pasadakhale chida chokongoletsedwa ndi impso zingapo zathanzi ndikuchidula, ndikupanga kudula kokhazikika. Thumba limafupikitsidwa, ndikusiya masentimita 15-18 kuchokera pansi.
Kuti katemera wa zipatso zake zokoma azichita bwino, ndikofunikira kukhala oyera. Ntchito isanayambe, zida zimatsukidwa ndikuthiridwa ndi mowa. Nthaka sikuyenera kugwera pamitundu yosalala.
Cleavage pamtengo chitsa chachitika kuti akuya masentimita 3-4, zomwe zithandizira kulumikizana wodalirika komanso kupulumuka bwino. Mitengoyi ikangophatikizidwa, malo olumikizirana amakhazikitsidwa ndi tepi yolimbikitsa, zomatira mbali, kapena zinthu zina zofananira. Chotsatira ndi kukonza kwa munda var.
Chidziwitso chakuti ntchito yofunika idachita bwino chimatsimikiziridwa ndikuwoneka kwa masamba achichepere pamtunda wa katemera. Kuyambira pano, muyenera kuyang'anira zovuta za harness ndikuwongolera pang'onopang'ono mtengo kuti ukhale poyera. Mtengo wolumikizidwawu umawokedwa m'dzinja kapena masika, kutengera nyumba yomwe nyakulayo amakhala.
