Koleria ndi therere losatha. Kukula ndikosavuta, koma pazifukwa zina sikuli pakati pa wamba pakati pa okonda maluwa. Ngakhale kuti nyengo yamaluwa ndi yayitali komanso yokongola.
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Koleria (lat. Kohléria) - mtundu wa herbaceous wa banja la Gesneriaceae (Gesneriaceae) wokhala ndi masamba ofewa a pubescent; zokongoletsera zamkati. Kwawo ndi madera otentha a America.
Pafupifupi mitundu 65 yazomera za banja la Gesnerius ndi a mtundu wa Koleria (Kohleria Regel). Kugawidwa kuchokera ku Mexico kupita ku Central America, ku Colombia, pachilumba cha Trinidad.
Dzinalo limachokera ku dzina la pulofesa wa sayansi yachilengedwe kuchokera ku Zurich, a Michael Kohler, omwe adakhala m'zaka za zana la 19.
Oimira amtunduwu ndi zomera za herbaceous osatha kapena zitsamba zokhala ndi ma scaly tuberous rhizomes.
Masambawo ali moyang'anizana, ovate-oblong, m'mphepete mwa tawuni, kutalika kwa 12-15 cm, mpaka 8 cm, ndi malo owundana kwambiri. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana, imatha kukhala yobiriwira yakuda yokhala ndi mitsempha yofiyira, kapena yobiriwira maolivi yokhala ndi mtsempha wowonekera wamkati, yonyezimira kapena yothina, yokhala ndi mulu bii kapena loyera. Mtundu wa masamba mu hybrids ukhoza kukhala siliva kapena mkuwa.
Koleriy pachimake kwambiri. Maluwa amakhala amodzi kapena awiri mu axillary peduncle. Ma corollas ooneka ngati mabatani okhala ndi chubu mpaka 5 cm, otupa pang'ono kuchokera pansi, akumakoka pharynx. Maluwa ena amafanana ndi thimbles. Pharynx yotseguka kwambiri imakhala ndi loboti zisanu zotsekedwa ndi mikwingwirima yambiri, madontho, ndi madontho. Utoto wa maluwa amitundu mitundu ndi mitundu: pinki yokhala ndi pharynx yoyera mumtundu wakuda wa pinki, wofiirira-wofiira ndi pharynx wachikasu wokhala ndi mawanga ofiira; chestnut bulauni ndi madontho oyera ndi pharynx yoyera yokhala ndi mawonekedwe apinki, etc.
Koleriy yoyenera zipinda zofunda, monga Achimenes. Mu chikhalidwechi, ma hybrids ambiri adapezeka chifukwa cha mitanda ya interspecific, makamaka K. bogotensis, K. digitaliflora, K. mabilis ndi mitundu ina; ma hybrids awa amadziwika ndi mayina awo. Zophatikiza zimawonjezera chitumbuwa, fuchsia, golide, amethyst, mithunzi yobiriwira komanso "tiger" yowala ndi utoto wa maluwa. Pa chikhalidwe, mitundu, yaying'ono komanso yaying'ono imadziwika.
Zokhala ndi mitundu ndizosavuta pang'ono kuposa ma gesneriaceae ena ambiri., sizikufuna chinyezi komanso kutentha kwa mpweya. Nthawi zonse mu chipinda chogona anthu zingawakwane.
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Kukula Zinthu
Kutentha
Coleria amakonda kutentha kwapakati. M'dzinja la 20-25 madigiri C. Ngati mbewuyo yasiya maluwa, i.e. ikulowa nthawi yokhala matalala, ndibwino kuti muchepetse kutentha mpaka madigiri 15 - 17 C. Posankha malo amtundu wa zojambula, ayenera kukumbukira kuti sakonda kukonzekera.
Kuwala
Koleria ndi chomera chachikulu kwambiri. Amasowa malo owala bwino, koma nthawi yotentha sayenera kukhala yotentha ndipo sayenera kuyatsidwa ndi dzuwa. Nthawi yogonera, ngati colia sinatsike masamba, imafunikiranso kuyatsa bwino.
Kuthirira
Mu nthawi ya kukula ndi maluwa, i.e. kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, kuthirira mtundu kuyenera kuchitidwa moderera. Kuthirira madzi sikuyenera kuloledwa, koma kuyanika ndikosafunanso. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumafunikiranso kuchepetsedwa. Ngati gawo la chomera litafa nthawi yachisanu, nthaka yokhala ndi nthambizo iyeneranso kuwumitsidwa pang'onopang'ono kuti mbevuzo zisamere.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Coleria imatha kumera mu mpweya wouma, koma imakonda chonyowa ndi izi. Komabe, masamba ake owoneka bwino sangathe kulekerera madontho amadzi akuwagwera. Chifukwa chake, kuti muthe kupanga chinyezi chambiri, ndikofunikira kupopera osati chomera chokha, koma mpweya wozungulira mozungulira, ndikuikanso chidebe ndi utoto mu thireyi ndi dothi lonyowa kapena dongo lokulitsa. Pakathirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda.
© Michael Beat
Kuswana
Ndikotheka kufalitsa koleriya m'njira zosiyanasiyana, pogawa nthambizo, kudula apical, ndi mbewu. Zosavuta kwambiri ndizogawanika komanso mizu ya odulidwa. Kubalana popanda mavuto kumachitika nthawi iliyonse pachaka, koma mwachangu komanso mwachangu - kasupe. Zodulidwa zimayikidwa m'madzi ndipo mizu ikadzalidwa mu mbiya zosaya. Magawo odula a nthambizo amayikidwa pansi mozama mpaka pafupifupi 2 cm ndikuthirira, osalola dothi kuti liume.
Thirani
Pakujambulitsa, muli zida zazikulu komanso zosaya. Onetsetsani kuti mwapereka. Kubwezeretsa kumalimbikitsidwa kuchitidwa tsiku lililonse; colony imakula kwambiri pachaka.
Feteleza
Manyowa koloni munthawi ya maluwa, kuyambira Epulo mpaka Ogasiti ndi feteleza wapadera wa maluwa. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika kamodzi pa sabata. Pa dormancy, feteleza chomera sichofunikira.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Koleria - chomera chosazindikira, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komabe, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi akangaude zimatha kuwoneka pamasamba ndi mphukira, pomwe masamba ndi mphukira zimayamba kuuma ndi kupunduka. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'nthaka kungayambitse kuvunda.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukiranso kuti colia ndi mbewu yokhazikika, kudyetsa kwamasamba masentimita ndipo madzi akayamba kukhala, masamba amawoneka, masamba amawuma ndikugwa, maonekedwe a mbewuyo akuipiraipira.
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Chisamaliro
Zomera zokhala ndi nthawi yotsika mtengo. Limamasula m'chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira. M'chilimwe, amasungidwa m'chipinda chofunda, chowala chokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, chodyetsedwa nthawi zonse ndi feteleza kapena michere yambiri, yothiriridwa chimodzimodzi, kutentha ndi madigiri 18 mpaka 22. Kuwala kokwanira kumafunikira, koma pang'ono pang'ono pakuwala. Kumwaza sikulimbikitsidwa, chifukwa madontho amadzi amasiya malo osayenera pamasamba a pubescent. M'dzinja, mutatha maluwa, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa. M'nyengo yozizira, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yodontha, gawo lam'mwambalo limafa. Ma Rhizomes otsalira pansi amasungidwa pamalo otentha, owuma pa kutentha pafupifupi 12-14 ° C. Chapakatikati amaziika ngati tsamba komanso dothi, peat ndi mchenga (2: 1: 0,5: 0,5) m'mbale kapena m'miphika yaying'ono.
Zofesedwa mu kasupe ndi mbewu zopezeka ndi ma pollination yokumba, ma rhizomes ndi kudula. Mbewu zing'onozing'ono zimafesedwa osagona mu chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga (1: 1). Akabowola amawombera kawiri - amabzalidwa momasuka, ndiye kuti mbande zachikale zimabzalidwa m'miphika yaying'ono. Zodulidwa zimayikidwa mumchenga kapena chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga (1: 1).
© Michael Beat
Mitundu
Digitalis colouria - Kohleria digitaliflora.
Chomera chachikulu cha herbaceous chokhala ndi mphukira yowongoka mpaka 80 masentimita ndi kulemedwa ndi ma scaly rhizomes. Masamba akutsutsana, ovate-oblong, 12-15 cm kutalika, 7-8 cm mulifupi, wobiriwira wopepuka. Maluwa amakhala amodzi kapena awiri mu axillary peduncle. Koroli yapangidwa ndi belu ndi chubu 3-5cm, kutalika kuchokera pansi, kuchepera pharynx, komanso miyendo yotseguka yokhala ndi ma loboti 5 amaso, achikasu obiriwira pamtunda, awiri apamwamba ofiira. Zomera zonse zimakhala ndi tsitsi loyera lozungulira.
Colera zosangalatsa- Kohleria mabilis.
Amasiyana ndi mtundu wam'mbuyomu mukukula pang'ono, lonse, masamba owoneka ngati mazira, wobiriwira siliva, bulawuni wofiirira m'mitsempha, ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono (chubu kutalika 2 cm) maluwa okongola a pinki omwe amagwiriridwa ndi rasipiberi pa nthambi.
Kohleria eriantha. Fluffy koleria.
Mtundu woyandikira kukula kwa digitisi. Amadziwika ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira omwe amakhala ndi pubescence yofiyira m'mphepete ndi pansi m'mitsempha ndi maluwa ofiira a lalanje mpaka 5 cm, ndi madontho achikasu kumunsi kwa dzanja.
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