Forsythia ndi mtengo wamaluwa kapena chitsamba chochokera ku banja la Maslin, komwe kwawo amakuwona ngati mayiko a East Asia - Korea, China, Japan. Masiku ano, mbewuyi yakhala ikufalikira m'maiko ambiri ku Europe. Kutalika kwapakati pachikhalidwe ndi mita 1-3. Mtengo kapena chitsamba chimakhala ndi mtengo wokhala ndi makungwa ofiirira osakhazikika, masamba osavuta osiyidwa amasiya masentimita 5 mpaka 15, maluwa owala achikasu achikasu ambiri ndi nthangala zamapiko zobisika m'mabulosi-zipatso.
Nthawi yamaluwa yogwira ntchito imatenga pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, ndipo imayamba pakati pa Marichi ndipo ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zoyambira nyengo ya masika. Mtundu wobiriwira wayamba kupanga maluwa, ndipo Forsythia ikuwonekeratu motsutsana ndi misewu yaimvi ndi nyumba zokhala ndi mitundu yake yoyaka ndipo imapatsa mphamvu ndi mphamvu kwa odutsa. Makhalidwe ake pachikhalidwecho samangokhala maluwa ake oyamba. Amakhalanso wodziletsa pantchito yosamalira komanso kulima. Maluwa odukiza komanso ochulukirapo amatha kutheka m'malo otentha komanso mumtambo wakuda, ndipo m'miyezi yophukira Forsythia imawonekeranso yokongola komanso yowoneka bwino, chifukwa cha masamba ake achikasu achikuda kapena ofiirira.
Forsythia ikamatera
Kubzala Forsythia
Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yodzala ndikudula ndi koyambilira kwa nthawi yophukira kapena masika. Mutabzala mbewuyi m'masabata awiri oyamba a Seputembala, padzakhala nthawi yokwanira yopulumuka m'malo atsopano komanso mwayi wokonzekera nyengo yachisanu.
Ma tchuthi opirira mopendekera timamvanso bwino m'malo otentha pomwe sipangakhale mphepo komanso kulimba mwamphamvu. Mutha kuteteza chikhalidwe ku mphepo mwa kuwabzala pafupi ndi nyumba kapena mpanda.
Dothi liyenera kukhala louma ndi zamchere. Ngati pali dothi latsamba pamalowo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite kukumba koyamba, ndikuwonjezera phulusa la nkhuni.
Momwe mungabzalire Forsythia
Mukakumana ndi dzenje 50 cm mulifupi ndi 60 cm, muyenera kutsanulira ngalande yotalika masentimita makumi awiri kapena miyala yosweka. Gawo lachiwiri lokakamiza likhale labwino mchenga - pafupi masentimita khumi, ndipo pokhapokha gawo lalikulu. Kapangidwe kake: magawo awiri a nthaka yamasamba, gawo limodzi la peat ndi mchenga ndi phulusa lamatanda (pafupifupi 200 g).
Mtunda pakati pa mbande za mbande ndi 1.5-2 mamita. Muzu wophatikizidwa ndi dongo uyenera kukhala wozama pafupifupi masentimita makumi anayi. Mbande zimayikidwa m'dzenje, yokutidwa ndi zosakaniza ndi dothi, zowumbika ndikuchita kuthirira kambiri. Nthawi yodzala yophukira mutanyowetsa dothi mozungulira, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyika gawo lochinjiriza lomwe lidzateteze chomera cham'mera, kuzula mopitirira muyeso, kuzizira, komanso kulola mpweya kudutsa bwino.
Chisamaliro cha Forsythia
Kuthirira
Mtengo uliwonse wamtchire kapena chitsamba ndi Forsythia, pakati pawo, nthawi zambiri safunikira kuthirira ndi kunyowa, ngati mpweya wachilengedwe ungagwere zokwanira. Kuthirira mbewu ndikofunikira mu chilimwe chokha. Chomera chilichonse chidzafunika malita 10 mpaka 12 a madzi othirira. Pafupipafupi madzi othirira - masiku 15-20 aliwonse. Pofuna kunyowetsa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osavuta kuchokera pamphuno.
Kumasula, kudula, kulimitsa
Kusamalira dothi kumachitika mukangothirira. Dothi liyenera kumasulidwa kuti lifike pansi pakuyandikira fosholo, ndikuchotsa udzu wonse kuzungulira dengalo ndikuwaza ndi nthaka youma. Ndikofunika kuthira manyowa kompositi yomwe ingachotse namsongole ndi namsongole.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Zoyenera zopezeka munthaka zofunikira munthaka zitha kutsegulira kwathunthu kwa forsythia ndikuwonetsa kukongoletsa kwapamwamba mu mawonekedwe a maluwa ochulukirapo ndi opindika. Feteleza ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito katatu nyengo: kumayambiriro kwa kasupe (koyambirira kwa Marichi), mu Epulo, maluwa atamalizidwa.
Chovala choyambirira chomangidwa ndi manyowa chovunda, chomwe chimayikidwa bwalo loyandikana ndi chopondera ndikuthiramo madzi ambiri. Nthawi yachiwiri yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wophatikiza, pafupifupi 70 g pachomera chilichonse. Chovala chachitatu chapamwamba ndichofunikira kuti mbewu ibzale maluwa mu nyengo yotsatira. Pa mita iliyonse ya malo olimapo, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupange 100-120 g ya station ya Kemira Universal.
Kudulira
Kudulira mwaukhondo kumafunika ndi achinyamata ndi achikulire omwe kuti azitha kuchotsa mphukira zouma, zowonongeka komanso zachisanu.
Kudulira kwakukulu kumachitika kumapeto kwa nthawi yamaluwa kuti muchepetse kukula kwa nthambi zake. Amalimbikitsidwa kufupikitsidwa ndi makumi asanu.
Kupanga kudulira kumathandiza munthu wamkulu chomera kusintha kutalika, kachulukidwe, ndi mawonekedwe.
Kudulira kwa ukalamba kumachitika patadutsa zaka 4-5, koma osati kale. Zimathandizira kuti pakubuke ambiri amphukira achichepere. Ndikameta tsitsi pafupipafupi, chitsamba chimakhala chotsekemera komanso chobowola, koma maluwa sangachitike.
Forsythia pambuyo maluwa
M'madera okhala ndi chipale chofewa chambiri komanso chipale chofewa m'miyezi yozizira, Forsythia sifunikira nyumba yowonjezera yozizira. Chophimba cha chipale chofewa chidzakhala chokwanira kuteteza motsutsana ndi chisanu chambiri. M'madera okhala ndi chipale chofewa, chitsamba chimayenera kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu. Pazowongoka cha thunthu muyenera kuthira masamba owuma. Nthambi zimapinda pansi panthaka ndikukhazikika, ndipo nthambi zodulira zipatso zokhazokha zimayikidwa pamwamba. Pofika kumapeto kwa masika, mbewuyo imabwezeretsedwa ku chilengedwe chake, nthambi za masamba ndi masamba zimachotsedwa.
Kufalitsa kwa Forsythia
Kufalikira ndi kudula
Mwa njira iyi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito masamba obiriwira kapena opindika. Zodulidwa zobiriwira zimadulidwa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, kutalika kwawo kutalika kwa 10-15 masentimita. Choyamba, chotsani masamba onse am'munsi, kenako ndikonzani magawo ndi imodzi mwa zolimbikitsira muzu (mwachitsanzo, "Kornevin", "Epin", "Heteroauxin") ndikuyika mumchenga wonyowa. Mizu iyenera kuchitika mu wowonjezera kutentha - pansi pa filimu kapena wowonjezera kutentha.
Zodulidwa zokhazika ndi masamba atatu zimadulidwa mu Okutobala ndipo nthawi yomweyo zibzalidwe panthaka. Kuphimba kwa nyengo zobzala izi kuyenera kuchitika pansi pa masamba akuthwa, omwe amachotsedwa ndikubwera masika. Pakugwa, mbande zidzakhala zolimba.
Kufalitsa pang'onopang'ono
Njira yolerera imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi ya chilimwe kapena kugwa koyambirira. Nthambi yotsikitsitsa iyenera kuti igwadire pansi, yopindidwa ndi chidutswa cha waya ndikuwazidwa ndi dothi lachonde. Kusamalidwa kwakukulu ndikunyowa panthaka komanso malo ake m'nyengo yozizira. Pofika chakumapeto, mphukira imapanga yake mizu ndipo imakhala yokonzeka kupatukana ndi chomera chachikulu ndikuchiika kumalo okhazikika. Maluwa abwera chilimwe chotsatira.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Njira yofalitsira mbewu imawonedwa ngati yovuta kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi okhawo omwe akudziwa bwino ulimi.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Forsythia imagwira kwambiri tizirombo ndi matenda. Nthawi zina, mavuto amatuluka chifukwa cha maonekedwe a nematode. Mutha kuwachotsa mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala apadera. Mwachitsanzo, Carbation mankhwala opanga mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda padziko lapansi ndikuwonongeratu alendo osagwiritsika ntchito.
Matenda akuluakulu ndi moniliosis, wilting, bacteriosis. Bacteriosis ndimatenda omwe amakhudza tchire munthawi yochepa, ndipo mwina sangaupulumutse. Poterepa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichotse mwachangu chitsamba chodwala kuti matendawa asadutse zikhalidwe zina. Forsythia imakumbidwa pamodzi ndi mizu, ndipo malo olimiramo amakonzedwa.
Pamene moniliosis ikuwonekera pamasamba achitsamba chamaluwa, pamatuluka masamba ambiri otuwa. Mutha kupulumutsa chitsamba pochotsa zofunikira zonse za chomera.
Njira yosavuta yothanirana ndi kufuna. Zowaza zochepa za "Fundazole" zidzakwanira ndipo mbewuyo ichira. Yankho la peresenti isanu ndi yabwino.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya forsythia
Forsythia European - mitundu yodziwika bwino yokhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi mamita awiri yomwe ili ndi maluwa amtundu umodzi wachikasu ndi maluwa osachedwa kwamtali masentimita 5-7.
Forsythia ndi wobiriwira wakuda - chitsamba cha mamita atatu chokhala ndi masamba kukula masentimita khumi ndi asanu a chobiriwira chakuda pamtunda wakutali. Osiyanasiyana pakukana chilala komanso kukongoletsa.
Forsythia ndi chisanu - shrub yotsika 1.5-2 mita kutalika ndi masamba obiriwira amdima, omwe pofika m'dzinja amatembenukira wofiirira. Maluwa ambiri obiriwira amakhala ndi maluwa oyera okhala ndi mithunzi yachikasu ndi yapinki.
Forsythia Giralda - mtundu wa thermophilic wa kutalika kwapakatikati wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira komanso maluwa okongola achikaso. Nthawi ya maluwa imachitika mu Meyi.
Forsythia ovoid - mtunduwu umasiyana ndi ena poyambira koyambirira kwa maluwa, kukana kwambiri kuzizira ndi chilala. Kutalika kwakukulu ndi 1.5-2 mamita. Masamba ang'onoang'ono owala obiriwira amakhala ofiirira pofika nthawi yophukira. Mitundu yotchuka ndi Tetragold, Goldsauber, Spring Glory.
Forsythia ikuyenda - chitsamba chamamita atatu chokhala ndi korona wakufalikira ndi nthambi zopindika. Ili ndi mitundu ingapo - fuko "motley", "tsinde lofiirira", "chinyengo" ndi "mwayi".
Forsythia Pakatikati - Mitundu ya haibridi yolekerera kwambiri nthawi yachisanu komanso kulolera chilala, kukula msanga. Limamasula kuyambira pakati pa Epulo mpaka pakati pa Meyi ndi maluwa owala achikasu. Mitundu yotchuka ndi Spectabilis, Beatrix Forrand, ndi Denziflora.
