Momwe mungapangire njanji mdzikolo ndi manja anu?

Zowoneka bwino za kanyumba kamadzilimwe sizingakhale bwino ngati sizikongoletsedwa ndi njira zokongola komanso zovomerezeka zamunda. Osangowoneka madera, komanso bungwe la zochitika zachuma zimadalira momwe amapezeka komanso kupangidwa bwino. Njira zapadzikoli zimatha kupangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Kusankha kwazinthu za njanji mdziko muno

Ambiri okhala chilimwe akudzifunsa: njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira njira mdziko muno ndi iti? Yankho la funsoli limatengera kukula kwake komanso luso la munthu.

Nyimbo zina zopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zopangidwa bwino zimawoneka bwino kwambiri kuposa zachikhalidwe zopangidwa ndi konkriti kapena konkriti. Kusunga mdziko muno kuyenera kukhala kachuma, kothandiza komanso kolimba. Zinthu zakutchire zitha kukhala zosiyana kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa bwino ndipo zomangira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. M'zaka zaposachedwa, anthu akuchulukirachulukira kukulira ma slabs. Zida zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu izi zimatha kukhala zosiyana pamtundu, kapangidwe kake komanso kapangidwe kake. Nthawi zambiri, palokha modzipangira nokha matchuni okhala ndi denga wosakanikirana kapena ndi wokutira wolimba.

Zithunzi zoyenda mdziko muno zimangodabwitsa ndi mitundu yake. Njira zosavuta - zoyenda ndizopangidwa ndi mchenga, miyala, miyala, miyala yankhondo. Anthu ena okhala chilimwe amagwiritsa ntchito matchuni amitengo kuti apange nyumbayi, yomwe imawongolera.

Pachifukwa ichi, mitengo yolimba yokha yamatanda yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera ndiyoikidwa.

Kanema: kupanga njira ya hemp

Malo olimba amatha kupangidwa ndi njerwa, mwala wachilengedwe, miyala ya konkriti, miyala yoyala kapena konkriti ya monolithic. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha kupangidwa ndi zinthu zotere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malowa azikhala okongoletsa kwambiri. Njirayi ndiyolimba komanso yolimba kuposa yoyenda. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi kufunikira kwake, koma imawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zopangidwa bwino.

Udindo wofunikira pakupanga njira mdzikolo ndi manja anu itenga malire. Imangotenga malire oonekera, komanso imateteza m'mbali mwake kuti isawonongeke. Malire amachitanso zokongoletsera. Ngakhale kuti mawonekedwe oyala ndi chinthu choyenera, kupezeka kwake sikuwonetsedwa ngati kofunikira. Nthawi zambiri, popanda njira yokhotakhota, matchuni amapangidwa ndi konkriti zomata ndi mipata yayikulu pakati pawo ndi mwala wachilengedwe womwe umakhala ndi malire.
Ndi zokutira mchenga, miyala, miyala, miyala, miyala, ndikofunikira. Yothandiza kwambiri komanso yolimba konkriti konkire ili pa konkriti. Panjira yopindika, ndibwino kuti musankhe ma curbs opangidwa ndi njerwa, mwala wosalala kapena matayala oikidwa pamphepete.

Mwa kusankha zinthu zoyenera, mutha kupanga njira zogwirizira zamakina, zopangidwa mumayendedwe omwewo ndikugwirizana bwino ndikuwonera malowo.

• Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka malowa mwachisangalalo ndi mtengo woyenera kwambiri.
• Mwala wachilengedwe ndi wabwino pakupanga njira zopindika.
• Njerwa imalumikizidwa modabwitsa ndimapangidwe ake. Kuti achite ma track, mitundu yapadera ya njerwa zopaka imasankhidwa, omwe saopa chinyontho ndi kuzizira.
• Kuyika miyala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga mawonekedwe apadera.
• Misewu yokongola ndimiyala ndiyabwino kwambiri m'mundamu ndi pafupi ndi dziwe lochita kupanga.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, anthu ali ndi mwayi osati wongopanga njira zochokera konkriti ya monolithic, komanso kuti apatsidwe mawonekedwe oyambira. Kuti muchite izi, zidzakhala zokwanira kugula mapuloteni apulasitiki amitundu yosiyanasiyana m'malo ogulitsira omwe angakuloleni kudziponyera nokha.

Zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matayala zimaphatikizidwa bwino kwambiri. Zophatikizidwa bwino kwambiri:

• konkriti ndi njerwa;
• miyala yamtsinje ndi nkhuni;
• miyala yamiyala yamiyala yambiri ndi mwala wachilengedwe.

Kukonzekera njira zamayiko

Musanapange njira zadzikolo, muyenera kujambula bwino malo kapena dongosolo lamalowo, lomwe likuwonetsa njira zomwe zakonzedwa, poganizira nyumba ndi malo onse omwe amapezeka pamalowo.

Mukukula kwawo ayenera kuganizira kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe ukugwera m'derali. Nthawi zina ndikofunikira kuti pakhale dongosolo lamakina kuti madzi asasowe madzi pamalopo. Tiyeneranso kukumbukiranso kuti madzi owonjezera nthawi ya kuzizira samasokoneza mitengo yokha, komanso zinthu monga konkriti ndi njerwa.

Mitengo yayitali siyenera kukula pafupi ndi njira, chifukwa imatha kuwawononga ndi mizu yawo yamphamvu. Mukakonza mapulani atsatanetsatane, chithunzithunzi cha malo adziko chikhala chowonekera ndipo zidzakhala zosavuta kusankha posankha chinthu chimodzi kapena china.

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yamayendedwe amtundu umodzi ukadaulo wawo umawonedwa. Ntchito yonse imagawidwa m'magawo angapo ofunika:

1. Kuyika malo. Pakadali pano, mothandizidwa ndi chingwe ndi zikhomo, zovuta za njirayo zalembedwa. Mphepete zimaphedwa mosamala ndi mizere yomwe inafotokozedway.
2. Mothandizidwa ndi fosholo, ma turf amachotsedwa kutalika kwake komanso m'lifupi mwake. Dothi limachotsedwa kuti likhale lolimba la mchenga, womwe umakhala maziko okumbika. Makulidwe oyambira ayenera kukhala osachepera 10 cm.
3. Mchenga (nthawi zina miyala) umathiridwa mu ngalawo ndipo amakumbidwa bwino ndikuwumbidwa.
4. Kusunga kumayikidwa pamchenga, kuwunika mosamalitsa kutsatira mulingo wanjira.

Chitani nokha bajeti mdziko muno

Odziwika kwambiri mdziko muno ndi njira zotsatirazi:

• Njira yopangidwa ndi miyala kapena miyala. Zimapangidwa mwachangu kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo sizolimba. Nthaka mu ngalande imathiridwa ndi herbicides ndipo imakutidwa ndi polyethylene kapena agrofiber kuti namsongole asamere. Wosanjikiza miyala kapena timiyala timatsanuliridwamo ndipo pamwamba pa njanjiyo timakungidwa. Kuti izi zisawonongeke pamalowo, ndikofunikira kupanga malire, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera kumataira kapena njerwa.
• Njira yopangidwa ndi matabwa idula. Kuti mulenge, mitengo ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo yamankhuni ndiyabwino. Amadulidwa kukhala mabwalo. Makulidwe a zinthuzo azikhala opitilira masentimita 10. Zidutswa zouma zouma bwino zimathandizidwa ndi mafuta owuma otentha, omwe amawapaka ndi bulashi ponsepo. Ukalawu ukatha, mankhwalawa amabwerezedwanso. Pa pilo yamchenga yokonzedwa isanachitike. Zidutswa zimayikidwa pa icho ndi mtundu uliwonse wamalingaliro ndikuziwazika. Zopanda zonse pakati pawo ndizakuthwa ndi mchenga kapena dothi.
• Chinyumba cha miyala chimatha kupangidwa osati kuchokera kugula zinthu zokha, komanso kuchokera kuzomwe zimapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse. Posankha zinthu, zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa mwala womwe umakhala ndi mbali imodzi. Pansi pa zopondaponda zotere, ngalawo imayenera kukhala yakuya masentimita 20. Mwala wopindika (10 cm) umathiridwa pansi. Imapindika, ndipo mchenga (10 cm) umathiridwa pamwambapa ndikuwunyenganso. Miyala imayikidwa papilo yosemedwa ndi mchenga. Kudzaza ma voids pakati pawo, mchenga umatsanulidwa kuchokera pamwamba ndipo ma voids onse amadzazidwa nawo. Pamapeto omaliza, njirayo imathiriridwa ndi madzi. Pangakhale kofunikira kuti mudzazenso zolowa pakati pa miyala ndi mchenga.
• Njira yopangira. Njira iyi ndi imodzi mwabwino kwambiri. Kuzama kwa ngalawo pazinthu zotereku kuyenera kukhala 20-25 cm.Mtsamiro wamiyala yamchenga umapangidwa mwanjira yomweyo monga pansi pa njira ya mwala. Kuyika miyala yokhala ndi makulidwe opitilira 60 mm kumatuluka panthaka. Njira yotereyi imachitidwa bwino ndi malire. Miyala yosungidwa imayikidwa pamchenga wamchenga mwamphamvu wina ndi mnzake. Pankhaniyi, mawonekedwe amatha kukhala osiyana kwambiri. Mukamagona, simungagwiritse ntchito miyala yopaka ndi zizindikiro zaukwati, chifukwa posakhalitsa imakhala yopanda pake.
• Njirayo imapangidwa ndi njerwa. Amapangidwa mogwirizana ndi momwe amafananira ndi njira yodutsa. Njerwa yomweyo yomwe idayikidwa m'mphepete imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malire. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kupindika kwa njerwa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Nyimbo za konkriti (kanema):

Nyimbo za konkriti

Njira za donkonkola za Monolithic konkire zidakali kutchuka. Kupanga kwawo kumafuna simenti, mchenga ndi miyala yambiri. Koma ndizokhazikika komanso zothandiza. Mukamayitsatira, lamulo limodzi liyenera kukumbukiridwa: simenti yambiri mu njira yanu, kulimba kwa konkire kumakhala. Pama track, zida zotsatirazi ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri:

• simenti - gawo limodzi;
• mwala wosweka - magawo atatu;
• mchenga - magawo awiri.

Kuti njira yotereyi ikwere pamwamba pa nthaka pansi pake, ndikofunikira kupanga mawonekedwe kuchokera pamatabwa. Pansi pa ngalande amaika miyala, chomangira njerwa kapena zinyalala zina zomanga zolimba. Njira yothetsera vutoli imatsanuliridwa mu formwork ndipo pamwamba pake timakutidwa. Konkriti imatha kukongoletsedwa ndi matailosi, miyala yamtengo wapatali, kapena miyala yokongola yomwe imakanikizidwa mumatope osagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Matcheni amtundu

Maulonda odziwika kwambiri opangidwa ndi konkriti zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndiosavuta kuyenera komanso kusiyanitsidwa ndi kulimba kwawo. Mchenga umakonzedwanso pansi pawo. Njira yadzikoli yopangidwa ndi matailosi 50x50 kapena 40x40 masentimita amawoneka osangalatsa, samatenga malo ambiri ndipo ndi othandiza kwambiri. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito matailosi ang'onoang'ono, mutha kupanga zosankha zingapo zamitundu yozungulira. Zitha kuyikidwa moyandikana kapena nthawi zina, zomwe zimakutidwa ndi mwala kapena dothi labwino. Zitha kubzulidwa ndi udzu.