Mitundu ya geranium yakutchire imatha kuwoneka pafupi madera onse okhala ndi kutentha, kotentha komanso kotentha. Zaka zambiri zakale zam'munda zinalowetsedwa mchikhalidwe ndi Agiriki akale, ndipo kufananako kwa zipatso zomwe zinali ndi milomo yayitali ya mbalame, nyongolosiyo, ndiko kuti, crane, idatchedwa kuti.
Miyambi ya Patsokwe: Alendo ochokera Kuthengo
Amakhulupirira kuti dzinali limaphatikizidwa ndi mbewu zokhala ndi masamba otseguka komanso maluwa osakhwima m'zaka za zana loyamba la nyengo yatsopano chifukwa cha Dioscorides. Kenako, geranium wazaka zambiri zam'misewu, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazachuma komanso zamankhwala, zinali zotchuka ku Europe kuyambira Middle Ages. Ndipo ku Russia m'minda yakutsogolo idawonekera m'zaka za XVIII. Kugawikako komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana kudabweretsa kuti dzina la Geraniaceae lidalandila banja lonse, lomwe linali ndi mitundu 400 ya geranium ndi mitundu yopitilira 200 ya pelargonium waku South Africa.
Kutchire, ma geranium amakonda kukhazikika m'nthambi, pansi pa nkhalango zowoneka bwino, mapiri komanso mitsinje. Zikhalidwe zamitundu yamuyaya:
- adasunga kusazindikira kwawo zachilengedwe zachilengedwe, nyengo yawo yozizira, yozizira;
- adayamba kukongoletsa komanso kusangalatsa, ena a iwo amatulutsa kawiri nyengo, amasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba amitundu yambiri komanso maluwa akuluakulu.
Kuphatikiza pa maluwa osavuta omwe amabzala zipatso zambiri zam'mera, zamaluwa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosakanikirana ndi maluwa ndi zosakanizidwa zimakondweretsa woperekayo pachimake, komanso mithunzi yomwe singapezeke mu dambo kapena m'nkhalango yokutidwa ndi geraniums.
Ma Geranium m'mundamo amasiyana kukula ndi mawonekedwe a chitsamba, mtundu wa mitundu, utoto ndi mtundu wa masamba. Zomera zambiri zimakhala ndi korona wooneka ngati kapu, wopangidwa ndi miyala isanu yomwe ili ndi mitsempha yotchulidwa. Masamba a geranium siwokongola chimodzimodzi ndi maluwa ake. Kutengera mitundu, imatha kukhala yobiriwira kapena mtundu wa motley, kukhala yozungulira kapena yopanda mawonekedwe.
Kufalikira kwa magulu obisika amisewu
Mukamapanga malo abwino oti zikule, zipatso zokhwima zomera zokha zokha, njere zimawulukira patali. Ndipo kasupe, mbande zimapezeka kutali ndi malo ambiri obzala ma geraniums.
Mbali imodzi, kudzilumikiza kumakupatsani mwayi kuti musinthe komanso mosintha mosawoneka bwino m'munda. Komabe, ndikubzala nthawi zonse, mbewu zamera zomwe zimamera panokha m'munda sizosangalatsa kwambiri. Pofuna kupewa kudzimana, zipatso zosapsa zimachotsedwa bwino.
Ngati wamaluwa adzagwiritsa ntchito mbewu yake pofesa, akuyenera kuthetsa ntchito yovuta. Kuuma zipatso zakupsa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo mbewu zosapsa mwina sizingapatse mbande zomwe mukufuna. Chifukwa chake, pasadakhale, nsonga za mitengo yoyala ndi zipatso zimabisidwa m'matumba ang'onoang'ono ndikuchimangirira kuchokera pansi kuti mbewu zikhale mkati.
Chifukwa cha zovuta komanso kuphukira kosafunikira, mbewu zofalitsa mbewu m'minda yamuyaya sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndikosavuta komanso chomera chomera chatsopano kugawa chitsamba chokulirapo.
Kusungidwa ndi kusamalidwa kwa geraniums mpaka kubzala mdziko lapansi masika
Ngati geranium idalipo kale m'mundamo kapena mumsewu mutabzalidwe, mutha kugawa chitsamba ndikubzala mbali zake koyambilira. Ngati mphukira yokhala ndi masamba itayenera kugulidwa ndipo sizingatheke kudzala geranium pansi musanayambe kuzizira, ndikofunikira kuti mbewuzo zizikhala zomasuka komanso zowoneka bwino.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti geranium yotalikilapo kwa nthawi yayitali imakhala ndi mizu yopukula bwino. Pobzala zinthu, gawo ili la mizu liyenera kusungidwa mpaka kubzala, kenako ndikupatsa mbewuyo zakudya ndi chinyezi.
Chifukwa cha izi, nthangala yake imakonkhedwa ndi peat ndikuyika mchidebe kapena bag. Mwanjira iyi, geranium yam'munda ija iyenera kukhala pa 1-4 ° C mpaka kubzala. Gawo la peat liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono, kuonetsetsa kuti mizu yake siuma kapena kuola. Chidebe chimasankhidwa kuti mizu idakutidwa kwathunthu ndi dothi ndipo osasakanikirana.
Ngati chomera, ngakhale mu malo apansi kapena firiji, chikuyamba kukula, chikuyenera kusinthidwa kuchipinda chowala, chowala. Apa, magulu osungiramo zinthu zamasamba akudikirira kuti abzalidwe mumakina okhala ndi dothi lopanda thanzi komanso chisamaliro chokhazikika, kuperekera chinyezi cha gawo lapansi.
Njira yosavuta kwambiri komanso yodalirika mukabzala komanso kusamalira mbewu zanyengo zam'munda ndikugula zinthu zodzala ndi mizu yotsekeka. Mbewu zotere zimamera mosavuta ndipo zimatha kunyamulidwa m'nthaka nthawi iliyonse yotentha.
Kodi ndingabzale geraniums mumsewu? Zomera sizimavutika kwambiri ndi kuzizira, ndipo mitundu yambiri imayamba kukula m'malo atsopano. Chifukwa chake, pakuwotha dothi mpaka 15-18 ° C, ma rhizomes amatha kuikidwira panja. Kutengera ndi dera komanso nyengo, nthawi zambiri izi zimayamba mu theka loyambirira la Meyi. Ngati pakuwopseza chisanu chamadzulo, ndibwino kuphimba masamba osakhazikika m'mundamo ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu.
Kubzala geraniums m'munda ndi kusamalira mbewu
Mitundu yokongoletsa yazomera zam'munda zomwe zilipo masiku ano, alimi a maluwa ndi omwe amafunikira kubzala kuchokera ku Netherlands ndi Great Britain chifukwa cha mbewu. Ngakhale kuti mitunduyi yomwe yabzalidwa tsopano ikukula, maluwa ake ndi ochulukirachulukira komanso ataliatali, zomerazi m'mundamo zimafuna kusankhidwa kwa malo pafupi ndi omwe makolo awo akale adakulirako.
Pakumera mbewu zamasika m'munda, malo obzala amasankhidwa malingana ndi mitundu ndi mitundu:
- Dambo, Himalayan kapena geraniums wokongola mumsewu amakula mwachangu komanso ngati maluwa ali padzuwa ndipo amapatsidwa madzi ambiri.
- M'makona owuma m'mundawo, pomwe pali kuwala kwa dzuwa, mitundu yayikulu-yayikulu komanso yofiirira ndiyofunikira.
- Geranium geranium imawoneka bwino papiri lamapiri.
- Ngati pali ngodya yonyowa pamthunzi wa mitengo munyumba yotentha, masamba a msuzi adzamera bwino pano.
- Balkan geraniums mukabzala ndikuchoka kumidzi, kubzala mosavuta kumalekerera chilala ndi kugwedezeka.
Ma geranium onse ali ndi mizu yayitali yomwe ndi yopanda pake kwambiri pakudula. Pofuna kuchepetsa kupanikizika chifukwa cha njirayi ndikuchepetsera chisamaliro chotsatira, dzenje lakuya kwambiri limapangidwira kubzala geraniums m'munda. Kuzama kwake kumayenera kukhala masentimita angapo kuposa kutalika kwa mizu kufalikira komanso dothi lomanga thupi m'munsi mwa dzenjelo. Mukadzaza mosamala, malo obzala amathiramo madzi, ndipo dothi limadzaza pamwamba.
Popeza mitundu yambiri imakula kwambiri m'zaka zingapo, payenera kukhala osachepera 20-30 cm pakati pa geraniums m'munda.
Chifukwa cha kupyapyala korona ndi mafuta ofunikira, namsongole amakakamira kukhazikika pafupi ndi geranium, ndipo sizilombo zonse zomwe zingavulaze chikhalidwe chokongoletsa.
Koma ngakhale odzikuza chotere, wokhoza kudzisamalira yekha chomera amafunikira thandizo. Kusamalira mbewu za m'munda m'munda mutabzala zimakhala:
- kuthirira pafupipafupi komwe kumakwaniritsa zosowa zamtundu wina;
- kuvala pamwamba, woyamba womwe umachitika mutangokokolola ndikuthandizira kompositi ndi kulowetsedwa kwa peat;
- m'dzinja kudulira kwa masamba owola ndi chilimwe kuchotsedwa kwa mitengo yowuma.
Kumphuka kwa geraniums kuyenera kuyamba ndi kuphatikiza feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Idzakankhira mbewu kuti ipangidwe masamba opindulitsa, ndipo pakatha mwezi umodzi, njira yovuta imayambitsidwa pansi pa zomerazi, zomwe zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi kufufuza zinthu. Mitundu yomwe imazolowera kukhala kumapiri kapena madera ouma imafunika feteleza wocheperako kuposa mitundu ina.
Zomera zam'munda zachikale sizachilendo, ndizosakongoletsa komanso zokongola kwambiri pamtundu uliwonse. Mtengowo ndiwonse ndipo ungagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino m'minda imodzi ndi yamagulu, popanda kufunika kwa chisamaliro chapadera.
