Mitundu ya mamangidwe achisilamu, Chisilamu, Moorishi, cha kummaiko chakum'mawa kapena chiArabic ikuchitika nthawi yatsopano. Mothandizidwa ndi zomwe zikuchitika kuti ntchito zakukula zikuchulukirachulukira, mafashoni akufanana kwawo nawonso adakulanso. Kukongoletsa, kulondola, kulumikizana mosawoneka bwino komanso mawonekedwe odabwitsa a munda wachisilamu kumapereka njira ina "yatsopano" yonga kupangidwira kosavuta kuposa njira za French kapena Dutch zokha. Kuyitanitsa pachilichonse kuti mupeze tanthauzo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosavuta kuti apange madera ovuta, kalembedwe ka Chiarabu kamatsegulanso mawonekedwe atsopano m'munda wokongola wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino m'malo osakwanira.
Mtundu wa Asilamu m'mundamu ndi kuwuma kwa mizere komanso mbewu zabwino.
Malingaliro apadera a minda yamaMoorish ndi Asilamu
Mitundu ya Asilamu (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Chiarabu, Chimereka ndi Moorish) ndi njira yojambulira mawonekedwe, yomwe ili pakati pa zachikhalidwe kwambiri. Amangotanthauzira osati nzeru ndi chikhalidwe cha kapangidwe ka minda, komanso kapangidwe kake, zida ndi mbewu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Uwu ndi gawo lokhalo lakapangidwe kamunda komwe kamamatirira kwambiri pamizu yake ndipo limalumikizidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi mbiri yakale.
Ngakhale kuti mawonekedwe amakono ndi kutengera kwamayendedwe m'munda akuwonetsedwa m'minda ya Arabia, amawongoleredwa ndi mfundo zosagwedezeka ndi malamulo mumapangidwe awo, kusewera komwe kumaloledwa mwatsatanetsatane. Mwina ndichifukwa chake munda wachisilamu umadziwika mosavuta, chifukwa ma projekiti onse amapitilira muyeso umodzi ndi zovomerezeka.
Masiku ano, komwe kukuwongolera kwambiri njira yachikhalidwe cha Asilamu kukukhalabe Moorish - South European, kudzoza kochokera ku minda ya Spain ndikupanga monga chizindikiro cha magwiridwe ena osiyanasiyana, omwe adabadwa pamphepete mwa chikhalidwe cha ku Europe ndi Arabu.
Kukongola kwakum'mawa, kotengera nyengo yina, kumatsegulira mwayi wokongoletsa dimba la Moorish m'madera akutali kwambiri ndi kotentha. Madongosolo achisilamu ndi achikhalidwe cha Amorish amapanga maziko awo mpaka zaka za zana la 15. Masiku ano ali osiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake ndipo amawonedwa ngati mawu ofanana.
Malingaliro a nzeru za minda ya Asilamu ndi osakanikirana ndi malingaliro azachipembedzo apadziko lapansi. Munda wa Moorish ndi pulojekiti yomwe amapanganso mtundu wonse wa chilengedwe chonse, kuyambira kuchokera ku miyambo ndi chikhalidwe cha ku Eastern zolemera. Munda uliwonse mchikhalidwe cha Chisilamu ndi chizindikiro cha Munda wa Edeni, wokhala ndi malamulo okhazikitsidwa ndi miyambo.
Minda yamtunduwu kwa ambiri ndi chizindikiro cha zovala zapamwamba, zokutira m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yambiri ndi zokongoletsera. Zofunikira zazikulu m'munda wachisilamu zimatchedwa kuti:
- mitundu yowala ndi mitundu yokongola yophatikiza;
- kubetcha pazithunzi zokongoletsera;
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana;
- kuchuluka kwa msipu;
- okhwima kapangidwe;
- gawo lofunikira la matupi amadzi;
- kudzipatula kudziko lakunja;
- ulamuliro womanga;
- kusowa kwa makhwala;
- kubetcha pazomera zamaluwa ndi maluwa;
- gawo lofunika la mafungo ndi mawu.
M'munda wa Moorish, mawonekedwe okhwima kwambiri komanso osavuta amawongoleredwa ndipo amakalipiridwa ndi mbeu ndi tsatanetsatane. Kuchokera ku Symbiosis ya geometry yoyambira ndi malo osasunthika, mawonekedwe odabwitsa komanso opatsa mphamvu amabadwa, omwe simupeza mawonekedwe aliwonse opanga mawonekedwe.
Minda yotero sikuwoneka yotopetsa: Ngakhale mawonekedwe osavuta, kugonjera kwapadera pakati pa zinthu zomwezo kumalamulira. Zambiri zazing'ono zimalumikizidwa mu pulogalamu yovuta yomwe imapanga mawonekedwe apadera ndi mlengalenga.
Malo, kukula kwa malire, masewera omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe oyang'ana komanso kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka - zonsezi siziri za munda wa Moorish. Amadalira zoyeserera zingapo, zimakhudza mphamvu zosiyanasiyana nthawi imodzi, ndipo zimapangitsa kudzimva kwamatsenga, kuwoneka bwino kuyambira pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
Mikwingwirima, madzi, makoma akulu kapena mipanda ndiye chizindikilo cha minda ya Moorish kapena Muslim.
Minda Yachisilamu - Minda Yaching'ono
Minda yosangalatsa ndi minda yocheperako. Nthawi zambiri kalembedwe kameneka kamasankhidwa pokonza malo omwe pamakhala kosatheka kuthyola dimba la mtundu wina. Monga zitsanzo zakale za munda wachisilamu, kalembedwe kachiArabic kakalimbikitsa kupangira malo osungirako malo ochepa, koma kupatsa nthawi yopumira mu ngodya yabwino.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kalembedwe osati m'minda yaying'ono. Zigawo zazikulu zimagawidwa m'zipinda kapena zigawo za mawonekedwe apakati, ndikupanga mipata yolandikana ndi wina ndi mnzake, momwe aliyense akufunafuna chatsopano. Mutha kukonza dimba lachi Moorish ndipo monga amodzi mwa madera akuluakulu, okongoletsedwa munjira zina.
Mundawu, womwe umakongoletsedwa mwa mtundu wa Moorish, mosasamala kanthu kuti kumwera kwa Spain kapena Middle East kudzoza kupangika kwake, nthawi zonse kumazunguliridwa ndi khoma lalitali. Mipanda yapamwamba kapena mipanda yobiriwira, malo okumbika apamwamba okhala ndi mipesa - pali chisankho. Chachikulu ndichakuti mukhale ndi malingaliro oti angakhale otsekeka kuchokera kudziko lakunja. Ngakhale tikulankhula za kupangika kwa dera lokhalo, idasiyanitsidwa ndi munda wina ndi khoma lalitali.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa dimba lamasilamu nthawi zonse kumayamba ndi njira ndi malire.
Kapangidwe kake ndi zinthu zoyambirira za munda wachisilamu
Minda yonse yachisilamu imamangidwa pamabwalo. Ngakhale gawo lalikulu la makona kapena losasinthika limapangidwa motere, malowa amagawidwa m'magawo awiri, wina pambuyo pa mzake, kapena munda weniweni wa Moorish umapangidwa pokhapokha pafupi ndi nyumba, ndipo gawo lonselo limaseweredwa pogwiritsa ntchito masitaelo ena.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa dimba lamasilamu nthawi zonse kumayamba ndi njira ndi malire. Chifukwa chothokoza, iwo amagwiritsa ntchito njira zaminda zinayi, kapena chor-bagh, chithunzi chophiphiritsa pakupanga kwamitsinje inayi yopatulika yomwe ikuchokera ku Munda wa Edeni ndikuigawa magawo ofanana.
Panjira yolumikizira njanji ndi malo achisangalalo ndi malo a munda wa Moorish, kapangidwe kake kamakhala kosamalidwa kwambiri nthawi zonse. Gawo lalikulu la mundawo limatsimikizira kapangidwe kake ka geometric, komwe sikusintha ngakhale kutanthauzira kwamakono kwamakono.
Chigawo chilichonse chachiwiri m'munda wachisilamu, ngati kukula kulola, chitha kugawidwa m'magulu anayi. Nawonso, chigawo chapakati chamadzi kapena china chake chomanga chaching'ono chimatha kuyimitsidwa mu "gawo" lililonse, kusewera kosatha ndi mabwalo ndi mitundu yawo. Mitsempha kapena njira zimatha kuyikika modabwitsa, ngati kukula kwa dimba kukuloleza kusewera ndi ma symmetry pazodzikongoletsera zovuta.
Njira zosinthira m'munda wachisilamu nthawi zonse zimakhala ndizomanga bwino. Chipilala, ngalande yobiriwira, chipata chokongoletsera kapena zitseko zabodza ndi zipata ziyenera kuyimira kumapeto kwa njira iliyonse ndikupanga mawonekedwe a "kukonza" kutalika kwake, malizitsani mawonekedwe.
Gawo lapakati pa mundawo ndi lalikulu lililonse ndilofunika kwambiri pakongoletsa. Pakatikati pa chigawo chachikuluchi, madzi am'madzi asungika kapena malo opumulirako amapangidwa, omwe amakhalanso likulu la ntchito yonse.
Njira yapamwamba kwambiri yopangira gawo lapakati ndi malo okukulika, omwe ali ndi kasupe, dziwe kapena dziwe lokongoletsa lokhala ndi kasupe. Dziwe lalikulu kapena lozungulira limachita bwino kwambiri. Koma pali njira zina zothetsera - kuchokera pagome kapena pa gazebo yokhala ndi mizere yomwe imakopa ma Arab akuwonetsa kumayikidwe a rosary.
Kasupe ndi dziwe za mizere yokhazikika ndizofunikira m'minda yachiSilamu.
Madzi mu mitundu yake yonse
Madzi amachita gawo lapadera machitidwe a Moorish. Lingaliro la dimba labwino kapena paradiso limatsimikiziridwa mu mtundu wa Moorish mwa kukakamizidwa kukhalapo kwa polojekiti ya matupi amadzi omwe amalimbikitsa kumverera kwa mapangidwe. Kupembedza kwamadzi, komwe kumachokera muchikhalidwe chachiArabu, kwadzetsa mfundo yoti matupi amadzi amakhala malo oyambira komanso chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga dimba lililonse mwanjira iyi.
Chizindikiro cha moyo wamuyaya ndi kuyeretsedwa zimayambitsidwa mkati mwa mundawo, ndikumalowedwa pakatikati pa sekondale iliyonse, ndikumaikidwa ndi nkhwangwa ndikubweretsa zomwe bajeti ingakwanitse.
Ngalande, madamu okhazikika, dziwe, malo osambira, mikwingwirima, mitsinje ndi malo ena osungira madzi samangolimbikitsa kutsindika za munda, komanso kuti mudzaze ndi tanthauzo latsopano. M'munda wachisilamu, maiwe ndi osalala, okongoletsedwa kapena okongoletsedwa ndi miyala yokongoletsera, yokhala ndi malire okhwima, ndikupangitsa matupi amadzi kukhala ofewa, omwe amakhala pafupi ndi njira kapena paphiri. Dontho lamadzi ndikusangalatsa kwamadzi, kuyika akasupe kapena kupanga mayendedwe achilengedwe kumadzaza mundawo ndikumveka.
Zomera zamadzi m'minda yachisilamu sizigwiritsidwa ntchito, monganso akasupe amomwe amapangira ziboliboli. Kusewera koyera kokha kwa Jeti ndi koyenera pano.
Zipangizo ndi mitundu ya dimba la Moorish
Zipangizo zomwe zimapangidwira minda ya Moorish ndizotsimikizika kwambiri. Zoumba, galasi, nsangalabwi, konkrati wopaka utoto ndi mitundu yonse ya penti yopaka pathupi ndi zojambula m'mitunda yotereyi ziyenera kupezeka momwe mungathere.
Kuyika mwaluso misewu ndi malo akusewera, zopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri pakupanga matziwe okhwima, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomangamanga zophatikizika ndi zinthu zosakanikirana ziyenera kubwezeretsanso momwe mukumvera polowa m'minda ndi malo osungirako mayiko aku Arab.
Amakonda minda yachiMorish ndi dzuwa, mitundu yosangalatsa ndi mawonekedwe akuthinidwe - mawonekedwe oyipa, zokutira matte, kapena, mosiyana, kunyezimira kowoneka bwino kwamayikidwe akuda ndi mawonekedwe. Mtundu oyera umadzaza m'minda ndi chikondwerero, koma umatha kuphatikizidwa ndi chikasu, komanso mithunzi yonse ya beige ndi terracotta, komanso utoto wa njerwa. Kuwala kowoneka bwino buluu, chikaso choyera cha golide, masisitimu otseguka - mtundu wakale kwambiri wothandizira oyera oyera.
Posankha mapangidwe, zomangamanga zazing'ono, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuletsa kwa zithunzi zilizonse za nyama ndi anthu.
Mitengo yazipatso m'minda yachisilamu imakulirakulira poyerekeza ndi yokongoletsera.
Jambulani malo opumulirako m'munda wachisilamu
Malo opumulira m'munda wamtundu wa Moorish ayenera kukumbutsa malo otetezedwa a projekiti zachikhalidwe, nyumba zachitetezo, zobisika osati kokha kumaso amtengo, komanso dzuwa dzuwa lotentha kwambiri. Malo osanja mawonekedwe a bwalo lophimbidwa, malo opumira pansi pa denga kapena padenga lobiriwira, chipinda chobiriwira kapena zozungulira ndi ma gazebos - mapangidwewo amasankhidwa kuti agwirizane ndi zoletsa zamtundu.
Pergolas ndi mahema amatha kukhala amnyengo komanso osakhalitsa. M'malo achisangalalo, nthawi zonse amagwiritsa ntchito nsalu zowoneka bwino komanso sofa zabwino zomwe zimabwezeretsa m'munda wamaluwa oyandikira.
Kuchuluka kwa nsalu, zopangira, zida, zanyumba, kusankha mipando yokhala ndi zojambula za Chiarabu, masewera omwe ali ndi magalasi ndi miyambo yazikhalidwe zimakupatsani mwayi wokuthandizani kuzungulira mlengalenga ndikukhazikitsa kamvekedwe ka munda wonse. Ma Tandoor ndi matebulo okhala ndi zojambulajambula, arba ndi zoyikapo nyali, mahaah ndi ma teapots okongola - m'malo opezeka zisangalalo za mtundu wa Moorish zinthu zilizonse kapena zodzikongoletsera zili zoyenera.
Munda wam'munda wa Moorish ukhoza kutsimikizika ndikuwonjezeredwa kudzera pakuwunikira kokongoletsa. Nthawi zambiri, magwero ena a zowunikira zowonjezereka "amamangidwa" ku matupi amadzi.
Munda wachisilamu ndiwotchuka wa mitundu ndi mbewu, wolembedwa mosiyanasiyana ma mawonekedwe a geometric.
Zomera za mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Zomera za m'munda wa Moorish zimasankhidwa kuti zipange kumverera kwa munda wa Edene. Mitundu yowala, kuchuluka kwa maluwa ndi masamba abwino a mitengo ndi tchire, zilumbazi ndi mitengo yazipatso imadzaza minda iyi ndi moyo, mitundu ndi mgwirizano.
Imodzi mwamasamba odziwika kwambiri m'munda wachisilamu ndi dimba la rose. Wonunkhira komanso wapamwamba, amapereka msonkho kwa mfumukazi yam'munda, ndikusankha mitundu yokongola kwambiri ndi onunkhira. Mutha kupanga akasupe ndi dziwe ndi duwa lanthunzi, kapena mutha kuthyola ngati mabedi amaluwa, kutsindika kukongola ndi zapamwamba za mbewu zokhala ndi zowonjezera. Maluwa amabzalidwa ndipo ali okha, kuwagwiritsa ntchito momwe angathere.
Mabedi amakapeti ndi malo osakanikirana, mapikisano apamwamba ndi masitepe amakulolani kuti mudzaze mabwalo ndi mapangidwe ndikutsatira mphamvu ya carpentical akunyumba ogwiritsa ntchito masamba osatha ndi pachaka.
Posankha mbewu, ndikofunikira kuganizira njira zingapo zofunika:
- Kupanga mpikisano wothandizirana ndi maluwa, kuphatikiza kwa mbewu ndi nyengo yosinthira maluwa chifukwa cha utoto wopezekapo nthawi zonse;
- kusankha kwamitundu yowala kwambiri, yosalala kwambiri;
- patsogolo posankha zikhalidwe zamakedzana.
M'minda yachisilamu, carnations, ma poppies, mphukira, chrysanthemums, peonies, irises, maluwa, daylilies, mitundu yonse ya zipatso zamphongo zimawoneka bwino. Polojekiti yotereyi, mutha kulowa nawo mitundu yowerengeka yowonjezereka - kuchokera ku tulips kupita ku crocuses ndi primroses ena. Zitsamba zokometsera ndi zomera zonunkhira zamitundu yonse ndi mawonekedwe ndizofunikira kwambiri, monga momwe zimakhalira nyengo yachilimwe - kuchokera fodya onunkhira kupita ku ageratum, gypsophila, laveria, lobelia, petunias, omwe amalola kusewera ndi mawonekedwe kusiyanasiyana kuposa ndi utoto.
Malinga ndi miyambo yakale, maluwa omwe ali m'munda wachisilamu amapangidwa, kuti mbewu zikule momasuka. Koma masiku ano, kusowa kwa njira zomangira kapena kuchuluka kwa mafotokozedwe ndi matupi amadzi nthawi zina kumalipidwa ndi malire olimba, kuphatikiza zokongoletsera za mafelemu obiriwira m'mizere.
Mitengo yovekedwa mwamphamvu siyabwino pano. Uwu ndi munda wopangira mbewu zaulere. Mitundu yokongoletsa bwino siodziwika bwino kuposa mitengo yazipatso. Kusangalala ndi kukolola kwa zipatso zanu mwachindunji kuchokera kunthambi ndi zapamwamba zomwe zimasintha mlengalenga nthawi yomweyo. Mitengo ya apulo, yamatcheri, yamatcheri, ma apricots, ma plamu - mutha kusankha zipatso zamitengo kuti muzimva.
Zitsamba zokongola bwino zomwe zimayikidwa osankhidwa ndi zina mwazosalala kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa maluwa, chubushniki ndi hydrangea, spirea, quince, dogrose ndizoyenera. Mitengo yamaluwa yamaluwa kapena yowola, kuyambira maluwa mpaka clematis, actinidia ndi mphesa pamakona lancet, obelisks ndi makhoma, ndizoyenera nthawi zonse.
Zomera zam'malo otentha komanso otentha, zomwe zakhala chizindikiro cha munda wachisilamu - makangaza, mitengo ya kanjedza, zipatso za zipatso, zipatso zam'madzi ndi mbewu zina zambiri - zimayambitsidwa mwa mawonekedwe a mbewu za chimango, ndikuyika m'malo omwe mulibe zomveka.
