Bungwe losungiramo bwino mababu ndi mbewu za m'mera zambiri sikuti zimangokhala zopanda ntchito komanso zovuta. Mukalakwitsa pang'ono pakusankhidwa kwa malo osungidwa kapena kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zilizonse zoipa, maluwa omwe mumawakonda (mababu okumba, tubers) nthawi zambiri amadzuka nthawi isanakwane. Kulimbana ndi vuto lotere sikophweka. Koma kumera msanga kwa mababu kapena ma tubers sikuti chifukwa cha mantha. Changu china komanso chidwi zimathandiza kupulumutsa ndi kuteteza mbewuzo.
Kubzala kwa distillation mwa mababu osakhazikika omwe amakhala asanabadwe.
Kumera kwa mababu kapena ma tubers nthawi yayitali isanayambe nthawi yawo ykubzala ndiwofunika mwachangu. Palibe njira yachidule kapena yodalirika kapena njira yoletsera kukula kwa mababu ndikusunga zinthu zodzala zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa nthawi isanakwane. Munthawi zonse, muyenera kuyang'ana njira yanu yapadera. Kupatula apo, ndizosatheka ndikuwonetsetsa kuti nyengo ikukonzedwa mwatsopano kapena kubzala mbewu, ndikofunikira poyamba kuti muphunzire momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mbewu yanu.
Kuwunikira pafupipafupi, kuwongolera mpweya wam'zipinda, kuyesa kwaukhondo wa babu kapena nthangala iliyonse, ndi ukhondo wosungidwa ndizo njira zikuluzikulu zomwe zingalole kuti zochulukirapo ndi ma corm azizizira nthawi zambiri kunja kwa nthaka. Ndili othokoza chifukwa chowunikira pafupipafupi za kubzala zinthu kuti zizindikiro zoyambirira za kukula ndi kukula kwake zitha kuzindikirika.
Vuto la kumera koyambirira "limapezeka", ndibwino. Ngati zikumera zazingidwa, ndipo kwambiri, ngati tikungolankhula za masamba otupa, ndiye ndikukonza kwakanthawi, zitha kuimitsa ndikuchepetsa kukula kwawo. Ngati zikumera zakula kale masentimita angapo, ndiye kuti mbewuzo "zitha" mpaka nthawi yobzala. Koma chiyambi champhamvu, komanso mphamvu yophukira kwamtunda wa 4cm komanso kukula kwa mizu, zitanthauzanso kuti vutoli silingathetsedwe popanda kubzala mwadzidzidzi.
Nthawi zambiri, mababu a tulips ndi gladioli, Cannes a Indian ndi ang'ono-bulbous zomera zimamera patsogolo pake. Nthawi zina, ngati amasungidwa mosayenera, mphukira zimatha kuwoneka pa dahlias ndi maluwa. Vuto lofananalo limatha kukumana ndi kugula mbewu anyezi kapena adyo pasadakhale.
Lamulo lalikulu lomwe simuyenera kuyiwala mu zochitika zotere ndikuti musavutike mukapeza zikumera pa mababu nthawi ya cheke nthawi yozizira. Monga vuto lililonse lazomera zam'munda, ndibwino kuti musayesetse nthawi yomweyo kukonza. Musanayesere kuletsa kukula kwa mababu, muyenera kupenda kaye momwe zinamera ndi zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli.
Mababu omwe akusungidwa, ngakhale, angaoneke, m'malo abwino, amatha kumera, makamaka zikafika pobzala kumene. Sikuti nthawi zonse, zolakwika zomwe zimapangidwa pakusungidwa kapena kusungidwa kwa mndende kumayambitsa kuyamba kumene. Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa mbewu zopanda nyengo kutentha kwambiri ndi chinyezi chamlengalengakoma zinthu zina zitha "kugwira ntchito" - kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha, kuyatsa kwambiri, kusintha kwa malo osungirako, kusakhazikika kwa kutentha, etc. Choyamba, muyenera kuwunika kuchuluka kwa malo osungira chomera chofanana ndi zomwe amakonda ndi zomwe amakonda. Magawo omwe achoka pazomwe amafunikira ayenera kusinthidwa poyambirira, pofuna kupewa kutaya koyambirira komanso zinthu zina zobzala.
Ndi mbewu zamasamba, zonse ndizosavuta komanso zosasangalatsa. Ngati, zitasungidwa mu kutentha, m'matumba a anyezi mbewu zomwe zidagulidwa kale zidaphukira, ndiye kuti zibzalidwe pamitengo m'miphika. Garlic yomwe idamera imadyedwa ndipo osabzala. Kugwiritsa ntchito mababu omwe mwaphukira mu kasupe m'munda sikuthekanso, koma mbewu zomwezo zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pali njira ziwiri zokha zopulumutsira mababu:
- Kuletsa kapena kukhumudwitsa.
- Distillation ndi koyambira ikamatera muli.
Amasiyana mwachilengedwe komanso zovuta. Ngati njira yoyamba ikuyesa kuyimitsa nthawi isanakwane, ikafika nthawi yabwino yoti mubzale, kapena pang'ono mpaka kutalika kwa nthawi masana kukulira, njira yachiwiri imalola mbewuzo kuti zikule mopitilira, mosakwiya kapena mosasintha.
Njira yachiwiri ndiyoyenera pokhapokha ngati mbewu zochepa zikamera kapena ngati pali malo ena owikiramo zotengera muli ndi mapoto. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye chokhacho chomwe chingapangidwe ndikuyesa kuyimitsa njirayo ndikusunga mbewu mpaka nthawi yamasika.
Peony muzu wokhala ndi masamba omwe akukula.
Njira zingapo zoyenera sizili zofanana pazomera zamitundu mitundu:
- Ngati tikulankhula za anyezi ang'ono, tulips kapena mababu a masika, ndizosatheka kuyimitsa kukula kwawo ndipo ndibwino kuwabzala m'mizimba kuti mutulutsidwe.
- Kubzala kumathandizidwanso kukongoletsa maluwa, ndi ma cannas aku India, ndi mankhwala ena ochulukitsa.
- Koma dahlias, gladioli ndi mbewu zina zam'mera "zamderali" zimatha kusungidwa mpaka kubzala ngakhale mutaphuka (zoona, pokhapokha ngati zinthu zikusintha).
Mosasamala za njira yomwe mwasankha, pali njira zingapo zomwe zimafunika kuchitidwa kwa mababu alionse odzutsidwa ndi mizu mizu:
- mbewu zophukira pamwamba pa masentimita atatu zimayenera kusunthidwa kuchoka m'malo amdima kupita kumalo owala, kuziteteza ku dzuwa;
- mababu ndi ma rhizomes amawunikira mosamala; poona kuti pali chinyontho chowonjezereka, kuwotcha, komanso kuwola kambiri, kuyenera kuyanikiridwa ndi kutsukidwa, pokonza zowonongeka;
- mababu awuma pang'ono, ndipo ngati kubzala sikukonzekera, ndiye kuti pakatha masiku awiri mpaka atatu amaloledwa kuti aume bwino.
1. Kumangidwa popanda kukula
Mababu odzutsidwa okhala ndi mphukira zazing'ono amatha kusungidwa musanabzala komanso nthawi yoyamba kukula. Kuti muimitse kapena muchepetse chitukuko momwe mungathere, mbewu zimayenera kuyikidwa m'malo atsopano - kutentha kochepa ndikupereka magawo onse ofunikira kuti zikule bwino. M'malo mwake, mababu omwe akhudzidwa ndi kutentha kapena zinthu zina amangotumizidwa m'malo oyenera iwo.
Ngati mababu atumphuka ozizira, kutentha kuchokera madigiri 10 mpaka 15, ndiye kuti matenthedwe amatsitsidwa kuti kuzizira madigiri 2-5. Ngati iwo atamera mu kutentha, ndiye kuti mutha kuyesa kutsitsa kutentha mpaka pakati, ndipo ngati palibe kuyima kwawoku, ndiye kuti musunthireni kuzizira.
Mababu omwe ataphukira komanso ma tubers, makamaka ngati akutulutsa mphukira ndi mizu yatsopano, iyenera kuyikika momasuka kuti mbewu zisasokonezane. Zizindikiro za chinyezi cha mpweya ziyenera kuwongoleredwa: pitilizani kubzala zinthu pokhapokha ngati kumera kowuma, kuwonjezereka kwa chinyezi kungayambitse kuyambiranso kwamphamvu.
Kufalikira isanakwane dahlia tuber wobzalidwa mumphika2. Kubzala m'nthaka
Ngati muli ndi mwayi, komanso nyengo panthawi yomwe mababu adadzuka nthawi isanakwane, amakupatsani mwayi kuti mubzale m'nthaka ndi chivundikiro, ndiye mbewuzo zingabzalidwe m'mundamo kapena wowonjezera kutentha. Koma zotere ndizosowa. Nthawi zambiri, vutoli limachitika nthawi zambiri kumadera omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira, pomwe kubzala m'nthaka kumakhala kosafunikira. Poterepa, mbewu zokulitsa ndi zobiriwira zimabzidwa dothi lotsekedwa - m'nthaka ya kutentha kwanyengo yozizira, munda yozizira, mumbale, mabokosi kapena miphika.
Musanayambe kubzala mbewu zophukira, muyenera kusankha ngati mukufuna kukwaniritsa maluwa oyambirira kapena ngati ntchitoyo ndikungofunika kusunga mbewu musanabzalidwe m'nthaka. Choyamba, ndibwino kukhazikika muzotengera zokongoletsera kwambiri kuti muzitha kusangalala ndi kukongola kwamaluwa omwe mumawakonda nthawi zosakwanira. Popanga zipatso, mbewu zobzalidwa imodzi nthawi kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
Ngati mukufuna kusunga maluwa ndi mizu, koma osalimbikitsa maluwa, koma kuti muchepetse kapena chepetsani kukula musanalime m'mundamo, mutha kuyika mabulowo mumbale zilizonse, koma kuyang'ana mtunda woyenera mukabzala mu dothi lotseguka (pobzala mwamphamvu, zimakhala zovuta kubzala mababu mkati munda).
Chomera chilichonse chomwe chikukambidwa, ngakhale atakhala kuti ndi mababu kapena ma tubers okha, akabzala mbewu zophukira kwambiri, amatsatira malamulo obzala:
- gwiritsani ntchito gawo lapansi lopepuka, lothandiza komanso lopatsa thanzi;
- mababu aikidwa m'manda akuya mpaka kuwirikiza katatu mpaka katatu;
- ngalande ziyenera kuyikidwa pansi pa zotengera;
- pochoka, amatsogozedwa ndi kakulidwe ka mababu, kutsatira malamulo osamala mosasamala komanso machitidwe ena a mababu owira.
Mababu omwe adabzala kuti atetezedwe, koma akufuna kuti achepetse kukula, amawonekera pamalo owala ndi ozizira omwe ali ndi kutentha pafupi ndi zero (kuyambira 2 mpaka 5 degrees). Kusunga ozizira kapena osachepera pamalo ozizira kumalepheretsa chitukuko ndipo mbewu zimadikirira pang'onopang'ono kuti nthawi yabwino komanso yosinthira isinthidwe. Zomera zotere sizikhala ndi madzi.
Ziphuphu, momwe iwo akufuna kukwaniritsa maluwa, amafunika kuyatsa kowala. Ngati kumera kumachitika nthawi yozizira (ndipo ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa kasupe), mbewuzo zimafunikira kuwunikira kowonjezereka. Kuthirira kwathanzi kumayambitsidwanso kwa mbewu kokha ndi chiyambi cha kukula kwa yogwirika ndi masamba ndi masamba, izi zisanachitike wothirira mwachangu kuthirira.
Osasamala kuti kaya zochulukira ndi zamaluwa kapena ayi, zimaziika m'dothi lotseguka mpata ukapezeka. Zomera zimasunthidwa mosamala, kusungitsa mtanda wonse wamatope ndikuzisamutsa mu maenje obzala. Gawo la mlengalenga limasungidwa kwathunthu ngakhale masamba kapena tsinde limazimiririka kuti zitsimikizire kukalamba kwachilengedwe ndi chakudya chamthupi zosungira. Maluwa amadulidwa m'maluwa, ndikusiya gawo la tsinde. Kwa nthawi yozizira, amakumba mbewu chimodzimodzi ngati mbewu wamba, zobzalidwa nthawi zina.
Ndipo munasunga bwanji mababu otumphuka? Tiuzeni mu ndemanga yanu momwe mwapulumutsira mababu kapena mizu yazomera.
