Nthawi zambiri, zipatso zamtchire zimafalitsidwa ndi masharubu kapena kugawanika kwa chitsamba. Koma nthawi imadza pamene njira izi sizikuyenda bwino, chifukwa pamodzi ndi zobzala zamasamba, matenda onse ophatikizika amatumizidwa. Njira zabwino zosinthira thumba la mitundu ndikuchotsa matenda ndikubzala mbewu za mitengo yobzala. Mu 2018, sikuchedwa kwambiri kuchita izi, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi malangizo athu mwatsatanetsatane mudzapeza zipatso zazikulu zonunkhira m'miyezi ingapo.
Kumene mungatenge mbewu
Mbewu zimasankhidwa bwino kwambiri pamalo ogulitsira, osankha omwe ali ndi mashelufu opitilira chaka chimodzi. Pakati wamaluwa, kukonza sitiroberi ndi kotchuka, kuphatikiza chisanu - Alpine, Ali Baba, Baron Solimacher. Mitundu iyi siyipereka masharubu ndipo pambuyo pake imaswana ndi kugawa chitsamba.
Mwa mitundu yayikulu-zipatso, wogula amalangizidwa za mitundu iyi:
- Mfumukazi Elizabeti
- Pikiniki
- Kuwonekera kwa Moscow;
- Alexandria
Masamba akuluakulu okhala ndi zipatso zazikulu amapangidwira ndikugawa chitsamba ndi masharubu. Kuphatikiza pa chisamaliro chokhacho, wosamalira mundawo azichotsa kawirikawiri zigawo zosafunikira.
Muthanso kulima mabulosi a mbewu kunyumba mwanjira ina - mutenge zipatso zakucha kuchokera ku zitsamba zathanzi ndikudula chapamwamba chopyapyala ndi zamkati. Chikwangwani chosemedwa ndi njere chimayikidwa pa ma napkins ndikusiyidwa masiku angapo pamalo owuma, otentha. Munthawi imeneyi, mbewu zimaphwa, ndipo ndizosavuta kusenda, kutikita pakati pa zala. Mbeu zouma zimayikidwa m'matumba a pepala, kusaina mitundu ndi nthawi yosonkhanitsa ndikusungidwa m'malo abwino, owuma.
Zipatso za sitiroberi zimakhala cholandirirapo msanga, ndipo njere ndi mtedza.
Madeti okula mu 2018
Kuti mupeze mbande zolimba, wamaluwa amapita kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ambiri aiwo amakhulupirira kuti sitiroberi liyenera kubzalidwa ndi njere malinga ndi kalendala yoyendera mwezi. Mu 2018, masiku abwino kwambiri ndi:
- Januware 27, 28 ndi 29;
- kuyambira pa February 21 mpaka February 28;
- kuyambira pa Marichi 21 mpaka Marichi 26.
Pamasiku awa, mwezi womwe ukukula umadutsa m'magulu a Gemini, Cancer, Taurus, ndi Leo. Nthawi ino imadziwika kuti ndiyabwino kwambiri kufesa mbewu za mbande.
Mu 2018, kubzala mbande za sitiroberi, kamene kamadzala nthangala, kuyenera kuchitika:
- kuyambira 10 mpaka 12 ndi kuyambira pa Marichi 20 mpaka 26;
- kuyambira 17 mpaka 22 komanso kuyambira Epulo 25 mpaka 28.
Mbande zobzalidwa zibzalidwe pamabedi motere:
- kuyambira pa Epulo 18 mpaka 22 komanso kuyambira Epulo 25 mpaka 28;
- kuyambira 17 mpaka 19, 22, kuyambira Meyi 25 mpaka 27;
- 15, kuyambira pa Juni 20 mpaka 24;
- kuyambira Julayi 18 mpaka 22 ndi kuyambira Julayi 25 mpaka 26.
Nthawi yodzala mabulosi a mbande zimatengera dera lanu. Kumwera kwa Russia, mbande zimabzalidwa malo otseguka zaka makumi awiri ndi zachitatu za Meyi, kumadera akumwera koyambirira kwa June. Mbande nthawi imeneyi azikhala ndi mizu yoyambira ndi masamba angapo. Masamba a Strawberry nthawi zambiri amafikira kukula m'miyezi itatu.
Pa masiku a mwezi wathunthu, mwezi watsopano, komanso masiku awiri pamaso pawo ndikubzala mbewu, osavomerezeka kuti azichita nawo. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi ino pakusankhidwa kwa mbewu, kukonza nthaka, kuthirira kapena kumasula mbande zamera.
Kodi dothi la sitiroberi limafunikira chiyani
Kapangidwe ka dothi pobzala fodya ndi mbewu za mbande kuyenera kuganiziriridwa mosamala, popeza mbewu za mbewuyi ndizochepa komanso zimamera kwa nthawi yayitali. Akatswiri amapereka zosankha zingapo pakusakaniza dothi:
- mkulu peat, vermicompost ndi mchenga pazotsatira 3: 1: 1;
- turf kapena tsamba la masamba, peat ndi mchenga - 2: 1: 1;
- kompositi yokhwima ndi mchenga - 5: 3.
Omwe alimi ena m'malo mwa dothi lamtundu wa peat kapena matebulo a peat kapena amagwiritsa ntchito makamaka popanga mbande za mabulosi. Palibe zofunika zofanana pakapangidwe kake, koma posankha ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti dothi liyenera kukhala lopepuka, lopumira, koma lopatsa thanzi.
Musanabzalire manyowa ndi mbewu za mbande, dziko lapansi liyenera kuti liziyeretsedwenso. Chitani izi mwanjira imodzi:
- kuwaza pa pepala kuphika ndi kutentha mu uvuni pa kutentha kwa 40-45 ° C kwa maola 1-2;
- kuthira pansi ndi njira ya 1% (yowala yapinki) potaziyamu potanganum permanganate;
- amaundana ndi matumba kapena zidebe nthawi yonse yozizira mumsewu.
Njira yotsirizayi ndiyabwino kwa anthu okhala kumpoto omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri.
Pambuyo pakuwononga, dothi liyenera kukonzedwanso - lodzazidwa ndi microflora yothandiza. Kuti muchite izi, umathiridwa kumalo okhala ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zachilengedwe - Baikal 1M, Radiance, Fitosporin. Kenako dothi limasiyidwa kwa masiku angapo pamalo otentha kuti tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timayamba kukula. Nthawi yomweyo, osakaniza a dothi adzauma kuti asakhale otayirira ndipo adzakhala okonzeka kufesa masamba a mbande mu 2018.
Kukonzekeretsa mbewu yofesa
Asanabzale, nthangala za sitiroberi ziyenera kusungidwa kwa maola angapo mu njira ya pinki ya potaziyamu permanganate, ndiye kuti zimatsukidwa ndikusamalidwa ndi chowonjezera chowonjezera - Epin, Kornevin, Energen. Kenako, mbewuzo zimafunikira kuumitsidwa. Kuti tichite izi, zimayikidwa m'magulu angapo a gauze atanyowa mu chosinthira, ndikuyika pansi papulati la firiji usiku, kuphimba ndi chivindikiro kapena filimu. Madzulo, chidebe chokhala ndi mbewu chimakonzedwanso pawindo ndikuwotcha kwa 18-20 ° C. Kuwongolera kumachitika kwa masiku atatu, osatalikirapo, chifukwa amatha kuyamba kumera.
Kuwongolera kungasinthidwe ndi stratization. Pambuyo pake, mbewu zimamera pawiri komanso mwachangu. Kugawidwa kwa mabulosi mutabzala ndikwabwino kwambiri. Mabokosi okhala ndi sitiroberi amawaika pamalo ochepera a firiji nyengo yonseyo. Nthawi ndi nthawi, zotengera zimatsegulidwa kuti mpweya wabwino uzitha. Ndikofunika kuyang'anira chinyezi. M'madera ozizira, zotengera zimatsalira kunja kwa chipale chofewa.
Kwa sitiroberi zamtchire zazikuluzikulu zazikulu, nthawi yomwe stratation iyenera kukhala osachepera miyezi 2-2,5.
Pakumapeto kwa kupatuka, mabokosi amabweretsedwa m'chipinda chotentha.
Momwe mungabzalire ndikusamalira mabulosi
Dothi lokwanira, dothi lokonzekereratu limathiridwa pansi pa mbande, nthaka yokonzedwa ndikuikanda pang'ono ndi manja anu. Kenako chipale chofewa chimayikidwa padziko lapansi ndipo mbewu zimayikidwa pamwamba. Ikasungunuka, matalala amawakoka mpaka pakuzama. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu yokhala ndi mabowo olowera mpweya ndikuyikidwa pawindo, ndikuwona kutentha kwa 18-20 ° C.
Mbewu zoyambira zobisika zimapezeka patsiku la 5-6, zazikulu zimayamba m'masabata awiri. Pambuyo pakuphulika kwa mphukira, kutentha kwa mpweya kumachepetsedwa kukhala 15-17 ° C kuti asatambasuke. Pogona amachotsedwa pamabokosi atangoonekera masamba awiri kapena atatu. Nthaka imakhala yonyowa, koma osati yonyowa.
Pofuna kuti musadzaze michere yopanda mphamvu, thirirani madzi mosamala - pang'onopang'ono pakati pa zophukira ndi bomba kapena syringe yopanda singano. Zikabow zimasungidwa pamalo owala bwino, koma osati kuwonekera mwachindunji.
Mbewu zachikulire zimayamwa m'mizere ya masamba 3-4. Ngati mbande yatambasuka kwambiri, njirayi imatha kuchitika kawiri. Pikivka amalimbitsa mizu, pomwe kukula kwa mlengalenga kumachepetsa pang'ono. Tsatirani motere:
- dziko lapansi limadzala madzi;
- mmera umachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono ndikumangirizidwa pamizu yapakati;
- dzazani chikho chatsopano ndi nthaka ndikupanga kukhumudwa pakati;
- sinthani mosamala mmera, ndikufalitsa mizu ndikufinya ndi nthaka mbali zonse.
- pambuyo pa mbira, mbande zimamwetsedwa.
Mukabzala sitiroberi, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti malo okukula ali pamwamba pa nthaka.
Mukatola, tchire la sitiroberi timadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wovuta wokhala ndi phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni pang'ono. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika kamodzi sabata iliyonse. Ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera za mbande zomwe zimakhala ndi kufufuza zinthu.
Malamulo oyambika poyera
Masabata awiri asanabzalidwe panthaka, mbande zimapsa. Kuti tichite izi, zimatengedwa kupita kuzipinda zosangalatsa poyamba kwa maola 1-2, ndiye kuti nthawiyo imakulitsidwa. Asanabzala, mbande zimasiyidwa pakhonde kapena pakhonde pa kutentha mpaka 10 ° C kuzungulira koloko.
Mbeu zobzalidwa m'nthaka zimatenthedwa mpaka 12 ° C, kuonetsetsa kuti malo okula amakhalabe pamwamba pa nthaka. Ngati nthawi yobzala pali nyengo yabwino ya dzuwa, nthawi yoyamba mbandezi kuti izisungunuka. Thandizo linanso limakhala kuthilira, kumasula ndi kuvala pamwamba.
Strawberry wobzalidwa mwanjira imeneyi kwa mbande mu 2018 pazaka zingapo zikubwerazi zimafalitsidwa ndi masharubu kapena kugawa chitsamba. Kenako, pofuna kubzala zofunikira, ndikofunikira kubzala sitiroberi ndi njere kachiwiri.
Kubzala sitiroberi pavidiyo
Ngati mudakali ndi mafunso okhudza masamba obzala kuchokera ku mbewu, onerani kanemayo, pomwe njira yonseyi imafotokozedwera ndikuwonetsedwa mwatsatanetsatane kuchokera pakusankhidwa kwa mbewu ndikubzala mbande mu nthaka.
