Maonekedwe a bromeliad nthawi zambiri amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi mawonekedwe a masamba, komanso momwe malo awo amapangidwira, komanso maluwa. HGHa ndi yosiyana kwathunthu ndi anzawo ena. Pokumbukira tsopano mbewu zazikulu zazikulu zamiyala, kenako othandizira, kenako okhala munyanja, ndipo nthawi zina kuyambitsa mayanjano ochulukirapo, nthawi yomweyo amadziyang'ana. Kukongola kodabwitsa kwa mizere ya masamba opendekeka mozungulira, masamba opindika modabwitsa amaphatikizidwa ndi mitundu yosalala ya hechtias. Ndipo kudabwitsika kwakukulu mu mawonekedwe a zachilendo inflorescences amatilola kuti tiziika hechtia pakati pa exotic chipinda chowala kwambiri.
HGHa - lofanana ndi chimanga ndi ma suppulents bromeliad houseplant.
Botanical mawonekedwe a hechtia
Pakati pa oimira banja la Bromeliad, kutchuka siachilendo. Izi ndi mitengo yapadera, yomwe mumatha kukumana nayo mitundu yadziko lapansi ndi ma epiphytes, omwe nthawi zonse mumadabwa ndi masamba amtundu wolimba komanso osalala omwe amaphatikizidwa mumagulu odziwika bwino.
Ngakhale motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa ma bromeliad owala bwino kwambiri, ma hechtia ofunikira, osawoneka bwino ndiwofatsa. Alibe zokongola, koma zokongoletsera zokongoletsera zapadera. Ndipo maluwa a hechtias, omwe amatha kusirira kwathunthu ngakhale muzipinda wamba, amatha kuphimba ma vriesia ndi ena mpikisano mwachisomo.
Dzina la hechtia silinaperekedwe polemekeza katswiri wazopeka, koma wa wamkulu wa Prussian Germany Hecht. Ngakhale mbewu yatsopano komanso yapamwamba, ma hechtias akhala akudziwika kuyambira m'ma 1800. Izi ndi mbewu za New World, makamaka ku California, Texas, ndi Mexico. Ma Gechtias amapezeka pamtunda, pamiyala, komanso m'mapululu, komanso m'nkhalango, ndipo mitundu ina ndiyomera zam'mphepete mwa miyala.
Mosiyana ndi ma bromeliad ambiri amkati, hechtia ndi chomera chapadziko lapansi chomwe chimatulutsa nthawi yayitali ndikukongoletsa mosalekeza.
Masamba a hechtia ndi aatali kwambiri, owuma, opindika, amtundu, wokutidwa ndi minga ndi malovu. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 60 ndi kutalika kwa 1-5 cm, masamba ake amawoneka okongola pazokha. Mphepete mwa uvy komanso mateyala ambiri owongoka amangowonjezera zomwe zimachitika. Mphepete imakhala yosayerekezeka pamtunda, koma masamba ake amakongoletsedwa ndi tsitsi laling'ono ndipo sangathe kuyimirira kunyowetsa komanso kulumikizana. Masamba akukhazikika amathandiza kuti hechtia ipange mawonekedwe apadera, ofanana ndi zithunzi ndi mizere yolinganiza.
Masamba amasunthira pakati kuchoka pakatundu, ndikubwereza kupindika kwa masamba oyandikana ndikupanga dongosolo limodzi lovuta. Masamba opindika amaoneka okongola, osasangalatsa komanso osangalatsa nthawi imodzi. Amafanana ndi jellyfish posenda masamba ndi mbewu m'makola. Ngakhale kuti ma rosette a hechtia amawoneka ngati osalala kwambiri, lingaliro ili ndikusocheretsa: monga ma bromeliad onse, mu chomera ichi ma rosette amasunganso madzi ndikulola mbewuyo kuti ipirire chilala. Kutalika, mu wamkulu mbewu zazikulu, amatha kutalika mpaka 30-40 cm.
Pali mkangano wambiri pazomwe zimachitika kuti hechtia - maluwa kapena rosette - ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri. Ngakhale osatulutsa hechtia amawonekerabe ngati zokongoletsera zapamwamba ndipo amangochititsa chidwi. Koma maluwa omwe amatha maluwa amatha kusilira.
M'nyumba hechtias pachimake kumapeto kapena pakati pa dzinja. Kuchokera pakati pa malo ogulitsira, maluwa ang'onoting'ono, omwe amatengedwa mu spikelets zovuta ndi mantha, amawuka, nthawi zambiri, maluwa oyera oyera kwambiri. Maluwa a Sedentary, okha masentimita 5-7, maluwa okongola okhala ndi manda otayirira amakutidwa ndi mabulangeti owoneka ndi mbali yayitali, kutalika kwake komwe kumakhala kofanana nthawi zonse ndi maluwa omwe. Kukongola kwa inflorescences kumaperekedwa ndi masamba ofunda osanjikiza, ndi makutu ogawanika kwambiri, ndikupanga mizere yokongola mu inflorescence. Mitengo yonyamula masamba, yopanda masamba, ina yokhala ndi masamba akutali kwambiri.
Pambuyo pa maluwa a hechtias m'chilengedwe kapena magulu akuluakulu, komwe nkotheka kulima mbewu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, mabokosi acylindrical amayamba kucha mpaka kutalika kwa 7-8 mm.
Rosette wa masamba a hechtia ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri pamtengowu.
Mitundu ya hechtias yakukulira muzipinda
Mitundu ya HGHa ndi yochulukirapo, koma imangokhudza mbewu zakuthengo zomwe zimapezeka kumadera louma a North ndi South America. Mu chikhalidwe chathu, ndi mitundu isanu yokha yokongola ya mbewu iyi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Guhtemala Guchtia
Guhtemala Guchtia (Hechtia guatemalensis) - chomera chachikulu chopanda tsinde. Masamba a Rosette ndi akuda komanso owoneka bwino. Mphamvu ya kukula kwake imangokulitsa mawonekedwe opapatiza, owoneka ngati masamba ndi mmbali. Kutalika kotalika mpaka 80 cm, masamba ndi ochepa mpaka 5cm, koma muzipinda zazikulu zotere sizipezeka konse.
M'munsi, masamba ali athunthu, koma ambiri aiwo amakongoletsedwa ndi zikuluzikulu, zowuma, zokhala ndi miyeso yoyera pansi. Spikes ndiwowonekera kwambiri, chifukwa chamapangidwe ochepa.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri pamtunduwu ndi tint yofiirira, yomwe nthawi zina imasintha zigawo kukhala chozizwitsa chofiirira. Mitengo yopanda malisiti imavala korona katatu ndi cirrus panicle inflorescence ikukwera mpaka mita. Nthambi za panicle zimawongoleredwa pansi, kutalika zimatha kukula mpaka 30 cm, manja ali osagwirana komanso achisomo. Hchtia wamtunduwu amadziwika ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono amizeremizere okhala ndi ma petals aulere, ma brichechi apamwamba komanso lalitali kwambiri, pafupifupi 5 cm.
Guchtemalian hechtia (Hechtia guatemalensis).
Texas Gekhtiya
Texas Gekhtiya (Hechtia Texensis) - mawonekedwe okongola owoneka ngati siliva komanso opepuka kwambiri ndi masamba osachepera theka lamitunda yopapatiza komanso yopyapyala, komwe malo ake ogulitsirako akufanana ndi a dracaena. Minga yamphamvu imatsindika kufanana kwa mbewu iyi.
Siliva hechtia
Siliva hechtia (Hechtia argentea) - Chimodzi mwazomera zokongola kwambiri. Tsinde lofupikitsidwa mwamphamvu ndi mitengo yokhala ndi masamba okhazikika, oumbika bwino, wokhala ndi masamba ambiri ngati chodabwitsa. Masamba owonda kutalika kwa 60 cm sangadutse masentimita awiri mulitali, ngakhale atapangidwa mwamtundu pansi pa kulemera kwawo, amawuma ndi kuwerama, ndikupanga zovuta m'makoko. Mphepete mwa wavy imagogomezera kukongola kwa mizereyo, ndipo ma spikes atakulungidwa, otuwa, akuluakulu komanso owuma, amangokulitsa chisomo cha greenery.
Mitengo yopanda kanthu yamtunduwu imayenda pansi pa kulemera kwa inflorescence. Makutu ovuta amatsimikiziridwa ndi masamba osalimba owongoka omwe ali patali kwambiri. Ma spikelet olekanitsidwa adapangidwa mosiyana, ali ndi mbali zinzake, ali ndi masamba owala ovala, mabulangete ozungulira ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono.
Hechtia mpaka
Hechtia mpaka (Hechtia mpakaandsioides) - Maonekedwe achilendo, pafupifupi osachita kunyentchera ndi mtundu wobiriwira wowonekera bwino wamasamba obiriwira omwe amapezeka mu rosette yowoneka bwino komanso yosalala. Ma Peduncle ndi okwera kwambiri, ovala korona ndi ma spikelets a inflorescence okhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono a pinki. Chimodzi mwa mitundu yochititsa chidwi kwambiri ya hechtias.
Texas hechtia (Hechtia Texensis).
Siliva hechtia (Hechtia argentea).
Hechtia mpakaandide (Hechtia mpakaandsioides).
Hechtia glomerate
Hechtia glomerate (Hechtia glomerata) - mawonekedwe akulu kwambiri ndikunama, ndikuwuka pamphepete mwa masamba, ndikupanga mawonekedwe obiriwira obiriwira, ofanana, okongola kwambiri.
Hechtia glomerate (Hechtia glomerata).
Zikhalidwe za kukula kwa hectias wamkati
Ma HGHas samakhala okhazikika muzipinda, amawopa kuvuta kwawo. Koma ndizomera zochepa zomwe zimaloleza mpweya wouma ndi kutentha kuposa izi bromeliad. HGHa imatha kusintha nyengo zosiyanasiyana. M'malo mwake, mphindi yokhayo pakulima kwake ndi nyengo yozizira.
HGHa amawonedwa molakwika ngati chomera chomata. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa malo ogulitsira, nthawi zambiri amawonekera podzipatula. Koma kwenikweni, hechtia imawoneka bwino kwambiri m'mabowo osakanikirana kapena muzosakaniza zomwe zili pagulu.
Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku malo ophatikiza ndi ma florarium, kuphatikiza ndi chilichonse chomwe mungalandire. Mothandizidwa ndi hechtia, mutha kukonza ngodya ya munda wachisanu kapena munda wamwala wapadera mkati. Ndikofunika kuphatikiza hechtia ndi ma suppulents ndi exotic, osati ndi mbewu zamkati.
Kuyatsa ndi kuyika
Gekhtii - okonda dzuwa okonda dzuwa. Misewu yamasana imakhala yovuta kwambiri kwa iwo, koma dzuwa lam'mawa kapena lamadzulo limathandizira masamba okongoletsa. Maluwa okongola kwambiri a hechtia amawonetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, kuyatsa kofewa. Ngati hechtia yotentha imasungidwa mu mpweya wabwino, ndiye kuti mbewuyo imawululidwa m'malo otentha.
Malo abwino kwambiri a hechtia m'chipinda chochezera amatengedwa kuti ndi sill kum'mawa. Chikhalidwe ichi sichikutaya kukongoletsa masamba ngakhale pang'ono, ndipo ngati ntchitoyi sikukwaniritsa maluwa, ndiye kuti hechtia ikhoza kukhala yokhazikika osati pawindo.
Kutentha ndi mpweya wabwino
Pazaka zonse za masamba akhama, hechtias amakonda kukula mu kutentha. Kutentha kwa mpweya kuchokera madigiri +25 ndi malo abwino okulira masamba a mbewu iyi.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa hechtia kuti azitha kukonza nthawi yoyenera. M'nthawi yozizira, mbewuyo imafunika kuzilala, kutentha +8 mpaka +12 degrees Celsius. Dontho mpaka +5 madigiri kwa nthawi yayitali sayenera kuloledwa, koma sayenera kuzizira nyengo yotentha ya hechtia.
Imodzi mwa mphindi zofunika kwambiri pakupanga ma hechtias ndi chikondi cha mpweya wabwino. Chomera chimafunikira pafupipafupi kapena kupweya pafupipafupi. Imachita mantha ndi malo aliwonse osayenda ndipo m'miyezi yotentha imatha kupitilira mpweya wabwino.
HGHa mofatsa imasunthira mpweya wouma.
Kusamalira Hectaria kunyumba
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwosavuta chomera chomera cha bromeliad. Kusamalira hechtia kumachepera kuvala zovala zapamwamba komanso kuthirira; ulimi wake ndiwothekera kwa alimi osadziwa zambiri.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Mchigawo chogwira, kukula kwa ma hechtias amathiridwa madzi ambiri. Chomera sichikonda kusayenda kwamadzi, koma sichiopa chilala. Kutsirira kumachitika ndi njira yakale - pamtunda, kulola nthaka kuti iume pakati pa njirazi. Nthawi zambiri mmera umathiriridwa 1 m'masiku 7.
Panyengo yachilimwe, mutha kudzaza makonzedwe mkati mwa malo. Panthawi yokhalitsa, mmera umathiriridwa bwino, mwanjira yapamwamba, osati pathandala, kulola dothi kuti liumirepo nthawi yonseyi kuthirira. Ma Hisitas amakula bwino mumiphika ndi othirira wokha.
Kwa hectia, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito madzi apamwamba, osamalika, osavuta komanso kupewa kupewa kutentha kwambiri pakati pamadzi othirira ndi gawo lapansi.
Ngakhale chomera chachilendo komanso chodontha, hechtia sichifunikira chinyezi mlengalenga. Mitundu yomwe imakulidwa muzipinda sizikhala zamtchire ndipo mwachilengedwe imakula bwino m'malo ouma. Gekhtiya amalekerera bwino kutentha kwa chilimwe, sikoyenera kupopera mbewu pamalowo ngakhale ngati zikuwoneka ngati nyengo zake ndizotentha komanso zowuma. Yonyowa iliyonse imavulaza m'mphepete mwa chomeracho koma chofunikira.
HGHa sakonda kulumikizana ndi masamba, kotero ngakhale fumbi limatha kukhala vuto chomera ichi. Ndikwabwino kusesa kapena kuchapa litsiro, koma kuliphulira kuchokera kumaro.
Feteleza ndi kuphatikizira feteleza
Kwa hechtias, nthawi yovala pamwamba kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha nthawi yogwira masamba. Zomera zimadyetsa kuyambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala. Kwa hechtia, kudyetsa 1 mu masabata 3-4 ndikokwanira. Zomera, feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe amadzimadzi okha. Achinyamata a hechtia amayankha bwino chifukwa chodyetsa bwino foliar.
Kusankha feteleza wa hechtia, mutha kuyang'ana zosakaniza zapadera za bromeliads kapena kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ovuta.
Kudula ndi kupanga hechtias
Mu kudulira kwa bromeliad, peduncle imachotsedwa pambuyo poti inflorescence ifota. Kudula kumachitika ndi mpeni wakuthwa, mochepera momwe zitsulo zimaloleza.
Ikani ndikusindikiza kwa hechtia
Kuphatikizika kwa HGHa kumachitika osati pachaka, koma pokhapokha ukukula. Nthawi zambiri mmera umadulidwa kamodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri, nthawi yamasika.
HGHa, ngakhale mchipinda, simataya zokonda zake. Chomera chimakonda dothi labwino komanso mawonekedwe ake. Kwa hechtias, dothi limawonedwa ngati labwino, lopangidwa ndi mchenga, pepala ndi ma turf nthaka pazowerengera 1: 1: 2 ndi tinthu totsegulira tchuthi popewa kugwirana - perlite, miyala, dongo lokwakulitsidwa. Mutha kubzala mbewuyo munthaka zapadera za maulendalama, ma bromeliad kapena dothi lamchenga.
Gekhtiya akutanthauza kuluso. Ino si epiphyte, yomwe imafunika kunyamula zida zazing'onoting'ono zapakatikati. Dongosolo lamizu la hechtia limasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula ndi kuthamanga mwachangu, kotero ngakhale machubu akulu kapena mapoto amatha kusankhidwa pachikhalidwe ichi, poganizira kukula kwa mizu. Mokulira, mphamvuyo imakula kwambiri mokulira.
Poika ma hechtias, ngalande zazitali zimayenera kuyikidwa pansi pa akasinja, omwe amakhala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a thankiyo. Poika mbewu, mbewuyo iyenera kugwiridwa bwino. Kuteteza dzanja ku hechtia spikes kuyenera kusamaliridwa pasadakhale.
Masamba a hechtia amatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Matenda, tizirombo ndi zovuta pakulima kwa hechtias
HGHa imawonetsa kukana kosavuta kwa tizirombo ndi matenda. Kupatuka kwakukulu kuchokera ku chisamaliro cholimbikitsidwa komanso kufalikira kwa mbewu zoyandikana ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kugonjetsedwa ndi mealybugs kapena tizilombo tambiri. Ngakhale kuvunda, mtengowo ndiwokhazikika kuposa ma bromeliad ena, ndikupereka mwayi wowongolera vutolo mwa kukonza kuthiririra, poyamba kuyankha kufota, ndipo pokhapokha - kufa kwa minofu.
Kuswana kwa HGHa
Bromeliad wodabwitsa uyu ndiosavuta kufalitsa. Monga ma bromeliad onse, hechtia imapanga mbali zamkati, zomwe ndizokwanira kupatsanulidwa panthawi yachikale kuchokera ku chomera chakale cha mayi. Sikoyenera kubzala mbewu za ana aakazi mpaka atakula mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa malo ake. Ndikwabwino kusiyanitsa ana osati ndi dzanja, koma ndi mpeni wakuthwa ndi kukonza mabala ndi makala. Zomera zimabzalidwa pokhapokha patatha magawo awiri kupukutidwa, patatha masiku awiri kudula.
Ngati mungafune, mutha kupeza chomera ichi, koma sichipezeka chogulitsidwa. Kubzala kumachitika mchaka, osakanikirana ndi mchenga, mwapamwamba, kungophimba dothi. Kutentha kotentha, kuwunikira kofalikira, chinyezi chopepuka ndi chipiriro ndizinthu zinayi zomwe simungathe kukula ndi hechtia kuchokera ku mbande.
