Mukukongoletsa, zikondwerero za m'chigawo cha Moscow ndizabwino kwambiri, mthenga wa kutentha kosatha. Southerner sanazike mizu yoyenda mkatikati kwa nthawi yayitali - maluwa osakhwima ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono adaswedwa. Kuyeseza mobwerezabwereza kupanga mitundu yokhazikika sikulephera. M'kati mwa zaka zapitazi m'malo atatu okhala ndi nyengo yofunda, kutengera zomwe zidapezedwa kale. I. V. Michurin mitundu, yomwe idakwanitsa kubweretsa mitundu ingapo ya "Cherry Cherry" yowoneka bwino. Otchedwa chitumbuwa kumwera, komwe ma drupes ankanyamula ndi mbalame. Chifukwa cha ntchito yayitali yayitali ya obereketsa, mitundu yabwino kwambiri yamatcheri ku dera la Moscow ku Bryansk, Oryol ndi kubereka kwa Moscow adawonekera.
Zachilengedwe mawonekedwe a mtengo wa zipatso
Cherry wokoma ndi wa banja la Pinki. Padziko lapansi pali mitundu yopitilira 4,000, koma onse amachokera ku "mbalame chitumbuwa". Amatcheri amtchire amakula m'malo otentha, ndikupanga nkhokwe zowirira pamtunda. Pamenepo, mtengo umatha kukula 10 metres, ndi nthambi zokulitsidwa. Zitsamba ndizochepa ma 4 metres. Mwa kudula ndi kupanga mbande, iwo amapatsidwa mawonekedwe a tiered, fan kapena chitsamba.
Mmera wazaka ziwiri wobzalidwa, womatikizidwa. Nthaka ya chomera chaching'ono imafunikira kupepuka, ukala komanso osatenga nawo mbali. Mtengowu umayikidwa pamalo otsetsereka kum'mwera kapena kum'mawa, ndikutetezedwa bwino ndi mphepo. Madzi okhala pansi ayenera kukhala ozama kwambiri, ndipo kuthirira pamtunda kuyenera kukhala kokhazikika, makamaka kukapanda kuleka. Mitundu yamatcheri abwino kwambiri ku Moscow Region ingagulidwe ku Moscow Nature Tester Nursery.
Inathandizira kupanga mitundu yatsopano ya njira zama radiation ndi mankhwala mutageneis. Wowetera Evstratov adagwirira ntchito pobzala ndi ma radiation a gamma, ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito zolimbikitsa zachilengedwe. Zotsatira zake, mitundu ina yatsopano mu mayeso am'boma imapirira madigiri 30, idakhwima msanga, komanso kukana kuzimbira. Kukula mwachangu chilimwe mwachangu kubwezeretsa korona pambuyo posachedwa chisanu.
Mitundu yamatcheri omwe anali atangopangidwa kumene komanso m'mbuyomu ku Moscow Region kulibe odziberekera. Mtengo umodzi umangobzalidwe kupangira zokongoletsera. Payenera kukhala mitundu iwiri yosiyanasiyana. Koma m'malo opsinjika, mutha kubzala pollinator mu chisoti cha mtengo waukulu pamatau osiyana pambali pake.
Ndikotheka kukula mmera kuchokera kumtengo wokoma wa chitumbuwa, koma zitatha, katemera. Mapangidwe a chitsamba amayamba mchaka choyamba cha masamba. Ntchito zaulimi zimachitika, monga ma Pinki ena. Ganizirani mitundu yamatcheri abwino kwambiri apakati Russia, zabwino zawo.
Mitundu yabwino yamatcheri
Mitundu yabwino yakucha koyambirira imapatsa maroon wakuda, pafupifupi zipatso zakuda pafupifupi magalamu 6. Thupi lake ndi labedi, lopaka utoto wakuda, fupa ndilochepa. Mtengo wamtali, wamtali wamtali pafupifupi 4 m'masiku khumi oyambirira a Meyi, zipatso zimacha mkatikati mwa June. Zosiyanasiyana sizigonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, zinalekerera nyengo yozizira kwambiri ya 1995-1997 m'chigawo cha Bryansk. Kubala ndizachaka chilichonse, zolimbitsa bwino kuyambira mchaka chachisanu. Maonekedwe a mtengo ndi piramidi. Matenda a fungus si owopsa kwa Iput. Zipatso zimalekeredwa bwino poyendera, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma compotes. Pollinator wabwino woyandikana nawo adzakhala mitundu ya Fatezh.
Mtengo wokongola, wotchingidwa ndi maroon, masango pang'ono opindika, amapereka zipatsozo mochedwa, mkati mwa Julayi. Lokoma chitumbuwa Revna amatanthauza mitundu-yodziipukutira yokha, zipatso zake zimakhala zochulukirapo, pachaka. Zipatsozo ndizopakika, zokhala yowutsa mudyo, zimasungidwa nthawi yayitali.
Tsamba lokoma limakula mwachangu, limafikira mamita 3.5, mawonekedwe a piramidi, masamba ozungulira. Amatcheri amalowa fruiting kwa zaka 4. Lokoma chitumbuwa Revna kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, osakonda kubzala blotch ndi matenda ena a korona. Zabwino zimachulukitsa ngati bwenzi limakula pafupi.
Cherry Fatezh adabadwa posachedwa, koma adawonetsa mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri potengera zokolola ndi kukoma kwa zipatso pakati pa mitundu yonse ya gulu lapakati. Maluwa ofiira owaza pakati amakula kumayambiriro kwa Julayi. Madontho achikasu amwazika pazithunzi zofiirazo - mphatso yochokera ku mitundu ya chikasu ya Leningradskaya. Kukoma kwa zipatso kumawerengeredwa ndi akatswiri pamtunda wa 4.7 point.
Kuuma kwabwino kwa nyengo yachisanu kunakankhira chitumbuwa kumpoto chakumpoto. Mtengowu umakhala ndi korona yozungulira, wokula mpaka 4 metres, ukubala chaka chachisanu. Maluwa a Cherry Fatezh amayamba pakati pa Meyi. Mitundu yodziyimira yokha imafunikira wopukutira. Chermashnaya, Sinyavskaya kapena Crimean yamatcheri obzala awiri. Ziyeso zimawonetsa zokolola za mtengo wachikulire kwa zaka 4 pa 16 kg.
Ubwino wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi monga kukana matenda, kulolera ndi kuthirira nthawi ndi nthawi. Mtengowo uyenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo - sulekerera.
Cherry Tyutchevka ndi wa mitundu yakucha-yakucha. Mtengo wokulirapo, wokhala ndi korona wowala, yozizira, osapumira ngati maonekedwe. Kudzichulukitsa kwamatcheri kumaonedwa kuti ndi mwayi wabwino. Kubala kumachitika zaka 5 mutabzala.
Zipatsozo ndizazikulu, mpaka magalamu 7, kuzungulira, burgundy ndi madontho akuda a subcutaneous. Kuguza kumakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa, kofiyira, mwala ndi wapakatikati, wosafikika mosavuta.
Zokolola zapachaka ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za mitundu ya Tyutchevka.
Lokoma chitumbuwa Bryanskaya Pink, ubongo wa Bryansk obereketsa Kanshina ndi Astakhov, adasankhidwa pakati pa kulonjeza mzere wapakati potengera zofunika kwambiri pakupirira. Masamba akuluakulu a pinki amalawa. Zosiyanasiyana ndi za kucha mochedwa, pachimake mkati mwa Meyi, zakonzeka kukolola mchaka chachiwiri cha Julayi. Kubala ndikokhazikika, zipatso zimakhala zokhazikika panthawi ya mayendedwe, osasweka. Nyengo yamvula, zipatso zakupsa sizivunda.
Mtengowo umakhala wopindika, umakula ndi 2,5 m, korona ndiwofalikira, masamba ndi akulu. Ubwino wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kukana kwake chisanu ndipo kumatetezedwa ku matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya.
Chitumbuwa chokoma cha Crimea sichikhala ndi zipatso zabwino, koma pollinator wabwino kwambiri wamatcheri amtundu wosabereka. Zipatso ndizing'onozing'ono, ndimasamba a zipatso za mbalame, amapanga vinyo wabwino kwambiri. Zosiyanasiyana ndizazizira-zolimba, zoweta komanso zoyesedwa mu zigawo za Kursk, Tula Moscow. Chifukwa chomwe amachitcha kuti Crimea - mwambi kuchokera kwa wolemba.
Orlovskaya pinki chitumbuwa chimaposa mitundu yonse yosagwa chisanu. Pambuyo poyeserera chisanu madigiri 37,5, mtengowo udapitilabe kubala zipatso. Zosiyanasiyana ndi zoyambirira, zimapatsa mbewu yoyamba mchaka chachinayi mutabzala. Oryol pinki ndi yopanda chonde, ma pollinator amatha kukhala mitundu yomwe imamasana mkati mwa Meyi - Rechitsa, ngale za Pinki. Mtengo wamba pamtengo ndi 10 kg, zipatso zimalemera pafupifupi magalamu 6.
Zosiyanasiyana zimakana kugunda.
Sayansi siyimayima, kufufuza ndi kuyesa zikupitirirabe. Akuyesedwa ndipo ali ndi chiyembekezo chabwino cha mitundu yatsopano. Mutha kutenga mbande zawo kumalo oyeserera, koma muyenera kusunga zolemba zachitukuko cha mbewu kuti muthandize asayansi kupeza yamatcheri olimba kwambiri ndi okoma a dera la Moscow.
