Chomera chokongola komanso chosasamala chomwe chakhala chikudziwika kuyambira kale. Ku Greece ndi ku Roma, maukada amapangidwa kuchokera ku verbena kwa olamulira ndi atsogoleri, ndipo ku Egypt anali wofunika chifukwa cha mankhwala ake. Masiku ano, chomera chomwe chili ndi mbiri yayitali chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa. Wamaluwa amayamikira verbena chifukwa cha maluwa owala ndi okongola omwe amatulutsa maluwa onse m'chilimwe mpaka zipatso.
Verbena: kufotokozera ndi mitundu
Verbena imadziwika kuti ndi herbaceous chomera, komanso amathanso kukhala chitsamba. Kutengera mitundu, iye imatha kukula kuchokera 8 mpaka 50 cm. Masamba owonda obiriwira achomera ndi lanceolate. Amapezeka kumbali zonse ziwiri zamitengo. Maluwa a Verbena ndi ochepa. Amakhala ndi miyala isanu ndipo akhoza kukhala wofiirira, ma apricot, ofiira, ofiirira, apinki kapena oyera.
Verbena ndi wotchuka ngati chomera cham'munda pachaka, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda yamwala, pamakoko ndi kuchotsera. Mabasi obzalidwa m'mabasiketi opachikika ndi oyenera kulimapo.
Verbena yemwe amakula kuthengo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala wowerengeka kuchiza matenda amanjenje ndi malungo, ndipo mafuta onunkhira ndi tiyi wopumula amapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo.
Mwa mitundu pafupifupi 250 ya verbena yopangira zokongoletsera, si mitundu yambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mitundu ya Verbena
Rigid verbena imasiyanitsidwa ndi zokwawa kapena kukwera ngati nthambi. Pa masamba ake owoneka ngati masamba mitsempha ya convex imapezeka. Ma inflorescence ophatikizika amatengedwa kuchokera ku maluwa a lilac ndi lilac ndipo ali ndi mainchesi 3.5.Ndi Zomera zosakanizika sizimataya kumera kwa zaka zisanu.
Canbenan Verbena ndi yopima tchire wokula masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Pamiyala yake yopyapyala pali masamba omwe amawagawa kwambiri okhala ndi upangiri wakuthwa. Ambulera yooneka ngati ambulera imakhala ndi maluwa ambiri a pinki, oyera, ofiirira kapena a lilac. Zomera zimafalitsa zokha. Zotuta mbewu zimasungira zaka zitatu.
Verbena Buenos Aires ndi chomera cha thermophilic, ikukula mpaka masentimita 120. Ali ndi tsinde lalikulu, komwe mphukira zam'mbuyo zimamera. Masamba odutsa lanceolate adakhazikika m'mphepete. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono a amethyst omwe amaphatikizidwa mu spikelets amapanga ma umbellate inflorescence. Zimamasamba verbena Buenos Aires motalika komanso mochuluka.
Verbena molunjika ndiye okhawo amitundu yonse ya verbena, yomwe imakulidwa mumsewu wapakati. Imakula mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka ndipo imadziwika ndi mtundu wamtundu wobiriwira womwe umasiya kutalika kwa 9 cm.Maluwa a Violet-buluu amasonkhanitsidwa pa inflorescence 40 cm. Mtundu wa verbenawu sukutulutsa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Hybrid verbena ndi mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa verbena pakati pa wamaluwa. Mtengowo umakula mpaka 20-50 masentimita, ndipo wakhazikika kapena kukwawa kwambiri. Masamba ofota kapena owongoka amakumbidwa ndi bristles. Maluwa onunkhira omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mumapangidwe ama ambulera amatha kukhala wofiirira, wofiirira wakuda, woyera, wapinki ndi mitundu ina. Zophatikiza Verbena imatha kukhala yotuwa yayikulu kapena yotsika pang'ono. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
- Mtsinje wa Mwezi ndi chomera chachikulu komanso chophukira mpaka masentimita 45. Ma inflorescence amawombedwa bwino ndi maluwa a lavenda.
- Zithunzi zimasiyanasiyana muma nthambi zokulira zomwe zimamera mpaka masentimita 150. Maluwa ofunda a violet amapanga inflorescence mawonekedwe a mpira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera komanso chopanda mbewu.
- Spectrum Mouth amatanthauza mitundu yotsika ya verbena. Amakula mpaka 25-30 cm, ndipo ali ndi maluwa ofiira akuda. Kukula kwama inflorescence m'mimba mwake kumatha kufika 6 cm.
- Ruby ndi chomera, chomwe ndi chitsamba chopingasa chomwe chimakula mpaka 20-25 cm. Inflorescence wandiweyani amatengedwa kuchokera ku maluwa ofiira ofiira mpaka masentimita awiri kudutsa.
- Etna amatanthauza mitundu yayikulu ya maluwa kapena mammoth a verbena. Amakula mpaka 40-45 masentimita, ndipo limamasula ndi maluwa ofiira ofiira okhala ndi maso amtundu wowala. Mmodzi inflorescence akhoza kukhala ndi maluwa pafupifupi 50.
- Ma cyclops amasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa amdima akuda ndi maso oyera. Kutalika kwa inflorescence ndi pafupifupi 7 cm, ndipo chitsamba chokha chimakula mpaka 30-40 cm.
Kodi kukula kwa verbena ku mbewu?
Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kukongoletsa dimba kapena kanyumba hybrid verbena. Kukula kuchokera kunyumba za mbewuyi sikovuta, koma malingaliro ena akuyenera kutsatiridwa.
Kufesa mbewu
Olima ena amalimbikitsa kubzala mbande za mbewu kumayambiriro kwa Januware. Kubzala m'nthaka, kukonzekera mu Marichi, ndiye kuti, pakadali chipale chofewa pabwalo. Chifukwa chake, m'madera ambiri m'dziko lathu, ndikofunikira kuti abzale mbewu za verbena mu Marichi kapena Epulo.
Pofesa mbewu, muyenera kukonzekera chidebe chosaya ndipo dothi labwino la humus. Mbeu zina za verbena zimakutidwa ndi chipolopolo chambiri, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizichitira zozizira tisanabzale, ndiko kuti, kuti zitheke. Kuti tichite izi, njere zokutidwa ndi chinsanza ndi thumba la pulasitiki zimayikidwa masiku anayi m'chigawo chamasamba cha firiji.
Zomera zokonzeka kubzala zimafesedwa mu dothi lonyowa ndikumwazidwa ndi dothi loonda. Mabokosi omwe ali pamwamba amakhala okutidwa ndi galasi kapena polyethylene. Zotsatira zake, kuti kumere kwa mbewu, nyengo zobiriwira zimapezeka zomwe zimakula limodzi. Mabokosi ambewu amaikidwa m'malo otetezedwa ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 18-25.
Mbewu zoyambirira zikadzuka, zotengera ziyenera kuyikidwanso m'malo ozizira koma owala bwino popanda kuwalira dzuwa.
Kukula ndi kusamalira mbande
Kusamalira mbewu kuthirira munthawi yake komanso kuvala kwapamwamba. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe mukufunikira kuthira feteleza masabata awiri atamera mbande. Chifukwa cha izi, feteleza wapadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Masamba oyamba akaoneka pa mbande, adzafunika kubzalidwe mumiphika ina ndikuwazidwa ndi njira ya Epina kuti isinthane kwambiri. Masiku angapo mutabzala, mbande zimadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa mchere.
Kuti mubzale bwino bwino, tsinani timitu pamwamba pa tsamba lachisanu. Sikufunika kutsina mitundu.
Ndi kuyamba kwa masiku ofunda, mbande zachikulire ziyenera kuyamba kupsya mtima, kutulutsa miphika ya maluwa panja. Ayenera kuzimitsidwa ndi dzuwa.
Kubzala mbande panthaka
Nyengo ikakhala yotentha, mbande zimabzyala panthaka. Chomera chimakonda malo abwino. Tchire lamphamvu limalolera ngakhale dzuwa lowongoka.
Pokonzekera malo okulitsa verbena, muyenera kukumba dothi ndikuwonjezera feteleza. Pa lalikulu. Mita imodzi anawonjezera:
- ½ ndowa ya humus;
- 50 g wa ammonium nitrosphate;
- 1 kapu imodzi ya phulusa.
Mtunda pakati pa mabowo umatengera mitundu yobzalidwa. Iyenera kukhala osachepera 25 cm. Muyenera kubzala tchire limodzi ndi mtanda wa dziko. Chomera chomwe chidabzikiracho chimathiriridwa madzi, ndipo nthaka yozungulira imakonkhedwa ndi mulch.
Kukula kwa verbena kuchokera kumadula
Popeza mbewuyo ndi yachikaleka, imatha kuphuka chaka chamawa. Komabe, verbena silivomereza nyengo yozizira, chifukwa chake, kuti tisunge mbewuyi, tchire amakumbidwa.
Chomera chomwe chimbidwa ndi dothi lapansi chimasungidwa mpaka kuphukira mpaka kasupe ndi kutentha mpaka madigiri 10. Chapakatikati, zodulidwa zimadulidwa ku tchire. Kuti izi zitheke, nsonga za mphukowo zidulidwapo, pomwe pazikhala masamba anayi. Masamba otsika amang'ambika, ndikukula owazidwa makala opera.
Zodulidwa zakonzedwa zibzalidwe mumbale zodzaza ndi peat ndi mchenga. Zojambula mmera zimalimbikitsidwa ndi zojambulazo, ndikuziyika m'chipinda chofunda m'malo abwino. Mbewu zikazika mizu, zimafunika kuziika m'miphika ingapo. Tchire zokulira kumapeto kwa Meyi zimabzalidwa poyera.
Maluwa omwe anakumba mu kugwa amathanso kusungidwa kutentha, osayiwala madzi ndikuwadyetsa. Pankhaniyi, kudula kumatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse pachaka.
Kukula kwa verbena poyera
Ndiosavuta kusamalira verbena, koma kukula kumafuna kutsatira Malamulo osavuta:
Pa maluwa ndi kukula mwachangu, mbewuyo imamwetsedwa madzi nthawi zonse.- Pambuyo kuthirira kwambiri pakatentha kwambiri, dothi lomwe lili pansi pa tchire liyenera kumasulidwa, pomwe likuchotsa namsongole.
- Pakati pazomera zomwe zimakula ndi gululo, namsongole amachotsedwa koyamba. Tchire zitamera, sipangakhale udzu pakati pawo.
- Kamodzi pa nyengo muyenera kupanga feteleza wachilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri ndizosatheka kudyetsa organic kanthu, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni kumabweretsa masamba, ndikutulutsa maluwa.
- Ma tata feteleza ophatikizika amadyetsedwa katatu kapena kanayi pachaka.
- Maluwa okhazikika ndi opindika ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse. Izi zithandizira kutalika kwa mbewu, yomwe imakhalapo mpaka chisanu.
Pa maluwa ndi kukula mwachangu, mbewuyo imamwetsedwa madzi nthawi zonse.Kuti mupeze kapeti ya verbena m'munda wanu, kuwombera Zomera ziyenera kugwada pansi, komanso otetezeka ndi waya kapena ma studio m'malo angapo. Pomwe mphukira ikakumana ndi nthaka, mizu imayamba kukulira. Popita nthawi, mbewuyo imazika mizu ndikukula.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Verbena kwenikweni samadwala tizirombo ndi matenda a virus. Komabe ndi chisamaliro chosayenera, mavuto akhoza kukhalabe:
- Aphid kapena nthata za kangaude zimalowa pachomera chifukwa cha kuthirira kapena feteleza wosayenera. Zikawoneka, tchire zimafunikira kuthira mankhwala ena apadera.
- Powdery mildew mu mawonekedwe oyera mawanga pamasamba amawoneka ndi kuthirira kwambiri. Ma bus amawachotsa bwino kuti asawononge mbewu zina.
- Tospoviruses ndi thripsy. Masamba opunduka, maluwa amayamba kukula. Pankhaniyi, mbewu ndiyabwino kuchotsanso, chifukwa matendawa ndi osathandiza kuchiza.
Kutsatira malangizowo opangira kukula kwa verbena ndikuwasamalira, kukulitsa mbewu sikovuta. Ndipo kupezeka kwa kutentha, kuwala kwa dzuwa komanso kusapezeka kwa chinyezi chambiri m'nthaka kungathandize kuti chitsamba chokongola chizikhala ndi maluwa omwe azikongoletsa mundawo kwa nthawi yayitali.
