Astrantia, kapena Nyenyezi (Astrāntia) - chomera chamuyaya kuchokera ku banja lochulukirapo la maambulera (Apiaceae), osati wolemera mitundu yokongoletsa. Mitunduyi imaphatikizapo mitundu khumi ndi iwiri yomwe imamera ku Central ndi Southern Europe, Asia Minor ndi Caucasus - m'nkhalango zowirira pamizere ndi m'mizere, m'madambo a subalpine. Odziwika kwambiri pachikhalidwe astrantia wamkulu (Astrantia yayikulu) ndi astrantia ndiye wamkulu (Astrantia maxima), mitundu ina siyachilendo kwambiri: Kukhulupirira nyenyezi kwa Bieberstein, Colchis astrania, astrona wa Ossetian, Pontic astrania, nyenyezi zosadziwika zitatu.
Astrantia ndi yayikulu, kapena Zvezdovka ndi yayikulu. © M a n u u lKukula kwakunja kwa astrantia
Ma astrantia onse ndi odzikweza kwambiri, apadera mu mawonekedwe apulasitiki. Zitha kumera pafupifupi panthaka iliyonse, koma pamtundu wotayirira, wathanzi wokwanira komanso wothira mphamvu. Muzimva bwino dzuwa ndi mthunzi wocheperako, mumatha kupezeka ngakhale mu mthunzi wathunthu, ngakhale m'malo oterowo amatulutsa modekha.
Astrantia amatha kusinthika kukhala ndi moyo pansi pamitengo - pomwe sizomera zonse zamuyaya. Pakati pa zipatso zosatha, astrantia ndi imodzi mwampikisano wokhala ndi maluwa nthawi yayitali; maluwa ake nthawi yonse yotentha, kuphatikiza pake, inflorescence ake ndiwodula.
Chikhalidwechi sichimawonongeka ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, chimakhala chosagwira kwambiri. Mabasi amakula mwachangu, ndikupanga makatani owuma m'zaka 3-4, pomwe popanda kupatsirana amatha kumera malo amodzi kwa zaka 10-12 kapena kupitirira, popanda kutaya kukongoletsa. Pamwamba pa izo, astrantia ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri ya uchi.
Masamba a Astrantia ndi akulu, odulidwa kwambiri, okongoletsa nyengo yonse. Chomwe chimatchedwa maluwa, kwenikweni, inflorescence ndi ambulera, yomwe imakhala ndi maluwa ambiri ang'onoang'ono ozunguliridwa ndi timapepala ta nsalu. Maluwa ndi zomata za Astrantia zitha kupakidwa utoto womwewo, koma zimasiyanasiyana kamvekedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa mbewu kuti ichitenso chidwi.
Astrantia ndi yayikulu, kapena Zvezdovka ndi yayikulu (Astrantia yayikulu). © James PettsKubzala ndi kuswana ku astrantia
Astrantia imaberekana bwino ndi mbewu zomwe zimamera pambuyo podziyambira kwa masabata atatu. Mbande imawoneka mwamtendere ndipo imakula msanga. Zomera zosiyanasiyanazo zimafesedwa ndikugawa tchire zokulira kapena kumalumikiza, chifukwa cha izi, masamba apansi amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzu mwachangu, ndipo patatha milungu itatu atha kubzalidwa mapaundi.
Zomera zonse zamtunduwu zimamangiriza bwino mbewu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kufesa ndi kupeza mbewu, osangobwereza zomwe makolo ali nazo, komanso zosangalatsa.
Mitundu yotchuka ya astrantia
Astrantia adadziwika kalekale kuti amalima maluwa athu, koma, ngakhale ali ndi mapindu ambiri, siotchuka kwambiri, mwatsoka. Osamkomera kwambiri ndi okonza dimba. Koma duwa liyenera kuyang'aniridwa kwambiri, ndipo olima maluwa aku Western ndi okonza kale adayikira zabwino zosakayikitsa za astrantia ndipo amazigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pakuwunika. Sizachilendo kuti obereketsa a Old ndi New Worlds akhazikika potukula chikhalidwechi.
Ngati posachedwa kwambiri pamakina a olimawo panali mitundu iwiri yokha yoyambirira - astrantia ndiye wamkulu kwambiri komanso wamkulu kwambiri komanso mitundu itatu ya munda, tsopano msika womwe ukukula maluwa ukupatsa mitundu yoposa khumi ndi iwiri ya mbewuyi. Chaka chilichonse mitundu yatsopano yosangalatsa imawonekera.
Astrantia, kapena Star Claret. © Balogh FerencAstrantia 'Abbey Road' - osiyanasiyana okhala ndi inflorescence yayikulu yofiirira yofiirira yokhala ndi zokutira zakuda bii. Kutalika kwa masentimita 45-60. Ndimaluwa kuyambira pakati mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Imakonda malo opanda mthunzi, koma imatha kukula m'malo owoneka bwino, malingana ngati amatha kunyowa bwino. Mtengowo ndi wowoneka bwino, wowoneka bwino, wowoneka bwino, wopezedwa m'makona mwamdima.
Astrantia 'Buckland' - osiyanasiyana okhala ndi ma pinki inflorescence pamiyala yazovala zasiliva zobiriwira. Limamasula kuyambira June mpaka Sepemba. Bzalani kutalika 65-70 masentimita. Amamera padzuwa ndi pang'ono pang'ono.
Astrantia 'Claret' - osiyanasiyana okhala ndi ma inflorescence ofiira omwe ali ndi mandala amtundu womwewo. Kutalika kuli pafupifupi masentimita 50-55. Zimaphuka kwa nthawi yayitali, kuyambira Juni mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Chimawoneka bwino kwambiri m'magulu akulu pansi pa mitengo. Amakonda malo osakhwima ndi amthunzi. Itha kumera ngati chida chachidebe.
Astrantia ndi yayikulu, kapena Zvezdovka yayikulu 'Hadspen magazi'. © konzekeraniAstrantia 'Hadspen magazi' - zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zamphamvu, zazitali (75-80 cm), inflorescences ndi ofiira magazi. Imakhala ndi maluwa ambiri - kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Amakonzekeretsa mthunzi wowala.
Astrantia 'Lars' - osiyanasiyana okhala ndi ma inflorescence ofiira akuda okhala ndi zokutira zowala. Limamasula kuyambira June mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembara. Amakonzekeretsa mthunzi wowala. Msinkhu 55-70 cm.
Astrantia 'Moulin Rouge' - osiyanasiyana okhala ndi inflorescence a kamvekedwe kakang'ono kopangidwa ndi vinyo, ofunda amakhala amdima, pafupifupi akuda. Limamasula kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Itha kumera paliponse pomwe pali dzuwa komanso pamthunzi. Mthunzi, mtundu wa maluwa umakhala wofooka.
Astrantia 'Moulin Rouge'. © gootjes-zonseAstrantia 'Primadonna' - osiyanasiyana okhala ndi inflorescence yakuda yakuda, makulidwe ndi opepuka. Maluwa amayamba mu Juni ndipo amatha nthawi yonse yotentha. Kutalika kuli pafupifupi masentimita 70. Itha kumera ndi kupambana kofanana padzuwa komanso pamthunzi pang'ono.
Astrantia 'Roma' - Zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi siliva-pinki inflorescence ndi zowonda zokulirapo. Limamasula kuyambira koyambira mpaka kumapeto kwa chiweto. Kutalika kuli pafupifupi masentimita 70. Imakonzekeretsa mthunzi wocheperako.
Astrancia 'Rosea' - Zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi ma pink pinki inflorescence ndi zokutira za mtundu womwewo. Limamasula kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe mpaka pakati pa Seputembara. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 70. Amamera zonse padzuwa komanso pamthunzi pang'ono.
Astrantia 'Shaggy (Ma Margery Fish)' - Zosiyanasiyana za inflorescence za mnyanga wa njovu zomwe zimawoneka pang'ono zobiriwira. Amaluwa pafupifupi chilimwe chonse. Msinkhu 75-80 cm.
Astrantia 'Symphony (Rosensimfonie)' - Zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi ma pinki inflorescence okhala ndi ma pinki otumbululuka. Kutalika kuli pafupifupi masentimita 75. Amakonzekeretsa mthunzi wocheperako.
Astrantia 'Rubra' - Osiyanasiyana okhala ndi inflorescences amtundu wapinki wofiirira, amasandulika kukhala wofiyira wofiyira, wokutira wamtundu womwewo. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 70. Amamasuka kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa chirimwe.
Astrantia 'Ruby Ukwati' - osiyanasiyana okhala ndi ma inflorescence ofiira akuda. Amaphukira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, maluwa amatenga mpaka chiyambi cha nthawi yophukira. Kutalika kwa 55-65 masentimita.
Astrantia 'Lars'. © baumschule-horstmannAstrantia 'Chipale' - Mtundu wosazolowereka wokhala ndi ma inflorescence oyera. Zovala ndizoyera ndizopenda pang'ono. Kutalika kwa 55-70 masentimita. Imakula bwino pakakhala mthunzi komanso mthunzi wocheperako.
Astrantia 'Sunningdale Variegated' - kalasi yoyamba ndi masamba osiyanasiyananso: kirimu ndimaso achikasu pazithunzi zobiriwira. Ma inflorescence ndi kuwala kwa lavenda. Limamasula kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Kutalika pafupifupi 60 cm.
Wolemba: N. Kuznetsova,
