Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kabichi ya Peking idayambitsidwa mchikhalidwe ku China, inali nthawi yayitali kwambiri: malinga ndi zolemba zina, zaka 4000 zapitazo, malinga ndi zina, zolondola, zoposa 5500 zapitazo. Mtengowu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuphika, umabwereketsa bwino kukazinga, kupatsirana, kabichi imawonjezeredwa ku soups zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimadyedwa zosaphika. Kuchokera ku China, kabichi ya Beijing idabwera ku Korea, Japan, ndi mayiko a Southeast Asia. Ndizosangalatsa kuti ku Europe ponena za kabichi ya Beijing "adabwinobwino" kuphunzitsidwa zaka 60 zokha zapitazo ndipo tsopano adalimidwa pafupifupi m'munda uliwonse, ndipo, pamalonda, makamaka ku America. Pazambiri za kabichi yaku Beijing, nkhani yathu.
Kubzala Beijing kabichi.
Kufotokozera kwa kabichi ya Peking
Peking kabichi ndi mbewu yosasinthika masamba kwambiri panthawi yotentha, itha kupatsanso woperekayo mbewu osati imodzi, koma mbewu zingapo. Ubwino wa kabichi ya Beijing ndiwakuti sichovuta kwambiri kuti chikule, ndipo ngakhale oyambitsa wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amatha kupirira nawo.
Kusamalira kabichi ya Beijing ndikosavuta, sikuti ndi chikhalidwe chamtengo wapatali, kumakula mwachangu, kusungidwa bwino, kumakhala ndi katundu komanso kukoma kwabwino.
Beijing kabichi imawoneka ngati china chake pakati pa kabichi yoyera ndi masamba letesi, komabe, idakali ya banja la kabichi. Mutu wa kabichi iyi suli zotanuka, ngati kabichi yoyera, imakhala yotalika ndipo imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira ochepa komanso opindika.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kabichi ya Beijing kuphika
Chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kosangalatsa, kabichi ya Peking nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera cha saladi. Masamba samadyedwa mwatsopano, koma nthawi zambiri amangokhala ngati zokongoletsera za mbale, monga ngati kutsindika kukoma kwa chakudya chophika. Beijing kabichi imakhala ndi fiber yambiri yothandiza pamimba ndi matumbo, zovuta zonse za mchere ndi mavitamini.
Pali zambiri zophika zophika za kabichi za ku China kapena ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, mabuku onse ophika amasindikizidwa, pomwe mu Chinsinsi chilichonse chophatikizira chachikulu ndi kabichi yaku China.
Zambiri za kukula kabichi ya Beijing
Peking kabichi, kuwonjezera pa zabwino zomwe tafotokozazi, ili ndi ena ambiri: yakhwima mwachangu, imatenga masiku 45 (mitundu yoyambirira), 60 (mitundu yakucha), mpaka masiku 80 (mochedwa mitundu) kukolola kabichi ya Beijing.
Kabichi ya peking ilinso ndi mavuto ake: kuphatikiza pa adani, omwe tikambirane pansipa, ndimakonda kupanga mivi ndi maluwa, omwe kenako amapatsa mbewu. Ngakhale pofesa mbewu (osati mbande), kabichi imatha kuponyera muvi ndi kuphuka; Mwachiwonekere, mu nkhani iyi sipangolankhulidwa chilichonse chakukonzanso kapena ulaliki wabwino.
Kodi mungapewe bwanji kuwombera kabichi ya Beijing?
Kuti Beijing kabichi angaiwale maluwa, munthu ayenera kubzala mbande kapena kubzala mbewu za mbewuyi panthawi inayake, yoyenera kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, kabichi ya Beijing "imapita" ku muvi pamene maola masana atalika kwambiri; Chifukwa chake, kufesa mbewu ndikubzala mbande ndikofunikira pamene masana masana ali afupia - awa ndi pakati pa kasupe, ndiko kuti, Epulo kapena pakati pa chilimwe, pafupi koyambirira kwa Ogasiti.
Zikuwoneka kuti maola usana masana nthawi yayitali kwambiri, koma ndikhulupirireni kuti awa ndi nthawi yabwino kabichi, ndipo sangataye wowombayo.
Kodi njira yabwino kwambiri yakukula kabichi waku China - mbewu kapena mbande?
Mwa njira, tidanenanso kuti kabichi ya Beijing ikhoza kumalidwa m'njira ziwiri: pofesa mwachindunji mbewu mu nthaka ndikuyala mbande, ndiye kuti, mutakulitsa m'nyumba, kenako ndikuibzala munthaka. Mutha kunena nthawi yomweyo kuti kubzala kabichi ya Beijing pofesa mbewu panthaka ndi njira yabwino, koma ndikofunika kuigwiritsa ntchito kwa okhala kum'mwera, pomwe okhala m'chigawo chapakati komanso chozizira ayenera kusamalira mbande zoyambirira. Koma tiziwuza izi pankhaniyi komanso za njira ina yokulitsira kabichi.
Mbande za Beijing kabichi.
Kukula kabichi ya Beijing kudzera mbande
Tiyeni tiyambe ndikukula kudzera mu mbande. Kodi chofunikira ndi chiyani ndikufunika kukumbukira? Choyamba, njere za mmera zimafesedwa kawiri pachaka, ndiye koyamba kuzungulira pakati pa March kapena masiku angapo kenako ndi nthawi yachiwiri mozungulira mwezi wa June, koma ndikusunthira chakumapeto kwa Julayi kwa masiku angapo.
Mbeu yachiwiri ya kabichi ya Beijing (chilimwe) nthawi zambiri imasungidwa bwino kuposa yoyamba. Kumbukirani: chikhalidwechi ndi chosapindulitsa panjira yakudumphira ndipo pamalo obzalidwa akudwala kwa nthawi yayitali, chimayamba kuzika mizu, chifukwa chake tikadalangiza kufesa mbewu m'miphika za peat-humus pomwe kuziika sikofunikira. Miphika imawola m'nthaka ndikubzala m'nthaka, pomwepo mizu yake sinavulazidwe, ndipo mbande imaphuka mizu mwachangu.
Ndi bwino kudzaza miphika ndi chisakanizo cha zinthu zowonongeka kwathunthu, dothi lamtsinje, mchenga wamtsinje ndi dothi lamtunda wofanana ndi kuphatikiza kwa 500 g la phulusa pamakilogalamu 10. Mukabzala kabichi ya Beijing, thirirani pansi dothi ndikuzama mbewuzo ndi sentimita, kenanso. Kenako - ikani miphika ndi mbewu mchipinda chocheperako kutentha (+ 20 ... + 22 ° C).
Ngati mukufuna kuti mbewu ya kabichi ya Beijing iphukire mwachangu, zilowerereni kwa maola 24 mulingo wothira ndi aliyense wotetezeka - Kukula, Heteroauxin ndi zina, kenako ikani mbiya pansi pa chotchingira ndikuphimba bokosi lazakudya kanema.
Yesetsani kuti kutentha kwa chipindacho kusasinthe, pukuta pansi panthaka miphika kuchokera pa mfuti yolusa, kuletsa kuti isayime. Ngati mukuchita zonse bwino, ndiye kuti m'masiku anayi, ndipo nthawi zina kale, mphukira za kabichi ya Beijing zimawonekera. Atangooneka, filimuyo imayenera kuchotsedwa, ndi zotengera zayikidwa pazenera lakumwera.
Kusamalira mbande za kabichi ya Beijing kumakhala kuthirira (poganizira chinyezi) ndikuwapatsa mbewu masana maola 12-13, osatinso. Zowunikira zowonjezera, nyali za LED ndizoyenerera bwino.
Pambuyo pakuwonekera masamba anayi kapena asanu ophuka bwino, omwe nthawi zambiri amawonedwa ku Peking kabichi pambuyo pa masiku 25-30, mbande (pambuyo pa sabata limodzi la zovuta) zibzalidwe pamalowo.
Kuwasamalira ndi gawo lofunikira; Zabwino ngati muli ndi khonde kapena khonde. Zomera zikapanga masamba ofanana, mbande zitha kutulutsidwa kwa maola angapo, tsiku lotsatira, nthawi yomwe mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khonde kapena poyambira zitha kuwonjezeredwa kawiri, kotero kubweretsa nthawi iyi ku tsiku.
Pambuyo pakuumitsa, kabichi ya Beijing ndi chovomerezeka kubzala pamabedi, chifukwa muyenera kusankha bedi lotayirira, loyatsa nthawi zonse, osasunthika madzi othirira. Mukabzala, onetsetsani kuti mwabzala mbewu zomwe zidabzalidwa kale pa bedi ili, mwachitsanzo, kabichi ya Beijing imamera bwino kwambiri anyezi, adyo, kaloti ndi mbatata, koma mutatha kubzala mbewu zimakhala zoipa.
Kukula kabichi ya Beijing wopanda mbande
Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukonza nthaka, koma monga kubzala mbande panthaka, kukumba fosholo kuti zitheke, kuthyolako mapampu, kumasula, popeza m'mbuyomu munkaonetsetsa kuti oyambitsirawa amakhala pabedi kapena nthaka idasenda.
Mabedi atayikidwa m'malo okongola, opanda mtundu uliwonse, ngakhale pang'ono pang'ono, ndikofunikira kufesa mbewu za kabichi ya Beijing m'mabowo kapena masentimita, sentimita iliyonse ikaikidwa ndi masentimita awiri, osatinso. Mutabzala, ndikofunika kuthirira dothi mwina ndi botolo lothirira kapena kuchokera mu zotungira madzi, koma ndi nozzle wokhala ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono.
Zofunika! Musaiwale kuyika mbewu ndikubzala mbande ya Beijing kabichi patali kwambiri, nthawi zambiri 35 cm pakati pa mbeu ndi 40 cm pakati pa mizere.
Ngati mukufesa kabichi ya Beijing nyengo yadzuwa, ndiye mutathirira nthaka, kuti musunge chinyontho momwe mungathere, muyenera kuwaza pang'ono, ndi kufafaniza dothi ndi phulusa, phulusa kapena utsi. Ngati nyengo ndiyabwino ndipo mwina pakhoza kukhala chisanu, ndiye kuti mbewu ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi filimu yowonekera. Pofesa mbewu panthaka yotseguka, mbande zimafunika kudikirira nthawi yotalikirapo pofesa makapu a peat-humus.
Mbande za Beijing kabichi zobzalidwa m'mundamo.
Kodi kusamalira kabichi ya Beijing?
Chifukwa chake, tidazindikira kuti kabichi ya Peking imakonda tsiku lalifupi, koma imakonda kukhazikika pamalo abwino, ikakonda madzi ambiri m'nthaka ndipo imalekerera bwino, mutha kunena - amakonda, kuzizira. Ngati msewu ndi wozizira chilimwe - kuyambira +16 mpaka + 19 ° C, ndiye kuti kabichi ya Peking ndi yolondola. Kutentha konse, "ma" burdocks "akakula, ndi kutsika, pomwe kabichi sikakula korne, amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri zokolola.
Popeza zonsezi, tikukulangizani kuti musunge mwachangu pazovala zosakhala ndi nsalu ndi ma arcs a waya wolimba, ndipo ngati kuzizira, kuphimba mbewuzo. Kuthamanga kwamtundu wotere kumatha kupulumutsa kabichi pakusintha mwadzidzidzi kutentha, kuwonjezera kutentha kwa mpweya kapena kutsika pang'ono - motero, pogona pamafunika kukhazikitsa usiku kapena masana. Mu nthawi za chilimwe, zodziwika ndi mpweya wambiri, malo oterowo amatha kupulumutsa kabichi ya Beijing ku zowola, chifukwa, monga tanena kale, imakonda chinyezi, koma osati owonjezera.
Mukamasamalira kabichi yaku China, kumasula dothi, osadikirira mapangidwe a kutumphuka kwa nthaka, yang'anani kuchotsa kwa namsongole pa nthawi yake. Ndikwabwino kuzichotsa ndi dzanja mvula ikagwa kapena kuthirira nthaka, ndiye kuti imakokedwa ndi mizu yambiri.
Mukachotsa namsongole, dothi litha kuumbika, masentimita angapo phulusa lamoto, phulusa la uvuni kapena mwayeti woyaka ndi oyenerera izi, koma mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito dothi louma wamba. Kuyamba kumasula dothi ndi kulimitsa amatha kukhala patadutsa masiku 25-30 atamera kapena patadutsa masiku 15 mpaka 20 mutadzaza mbande.
Zofunika! Mukathirira Beijing kabichi, yesani kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amvula.
Kabichi yake ya Beijing imangovomereza: pansi pa kukhetsa, ikani mbiya ya malita 300 ndikuipaka yakuda, ndiye kuti madziwo adzawotha tsiku limodzi, ndiye kuti, lidzapindula kawiri mukathirira. Mutha kuthirira tsiku lililonse, koma pang'onopang'ono, pafupifupi malita awiri ndi awiri pa mita imodzi, kapena mutha kamodzi pa sabata, koma kutsanulira ndowa yamadzi mu lalikulu mita.
Mavalidwe a kabichi a peking
Kangati mukadyetsa kabichi ya Beijing zimatengera nthawi yodzala mbande kapena kufesa mbewu panthaka. Ngati mbande za kabichi ya Beijing (kapena nthangala zofesa) zibzalidwe (zimachitika) mchaka, ndiye kuti ndibwino kungovala zitatu; ndipo ngati kuli chilimwe, ziwiri ndizokwanira.
Feteleza bwino umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawonekedwe osungunuka. Monga feteleza, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nitroammophoskos (supuni pa ndowa imodzi, madzi ndi malita 2-3 pa mita imodzi), kapena infusions zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe.
Mwachitsanzo, mutha kuthira manyowa ndi mullein, ndikuwiphika maulendo khumi, nditatha kukakamira kwa masiku angapo, yambani kuthirira ndi yankho - malita awiri ndi okwanira mita lalikulu. Kulowetsedwa kwa dontho la mbalame ndikoyenera, kokha kumafunikira kuchepetsedwa maulendo 20 ndikulilola kuti lipitirire kwa masiku atatu, kuchuluka kwa momwemonso ndizofanana. Peking kabichi imayankha bwino kulowetsedwa kwa namsongole, makamaka maukonde - muyenera kutchetcha kilogalamu yatsopano, nettle yaying'ono ndikutsanulira madzi, muisiyeni kuti ipitirire kwa sabata limodzi, ikungowonjezera madzi kawiri, ndipo mutha kuthirira, mukumalipira malita asanu a kulowetsedwa uku.
Ngati mukufuna Beijing kabichi kuti ipange ovary yolimba, ndiye gwiritsani ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa boric acid. Kuti akonze, kwenikweni gramu ndi hafu ya boric acid iyenera kusungunuka mumtsuko wamadzi ndikulola kuti ituluke kwa tsiku limodzi, kenako ndikuwonjezera botolo lothira mankhwalawa ndikuwathandiza mbewuzo pamadzulo.
Beijing kabichi m'munda.
Tizilombo ta kabichi ku Beijing ndikulimbana nawo
Tsopano tiyeni tikambilane za tizirombo toyipitsitsa kwambiri kabichi ya Beijing; m'malingaliro athu, ndi mtanda wopanduka ndi waulesi. Popeza kabichi ya Peking nthawi zambiri imadyedwa mwatsopano ndikuwuma msanga, sitingavomereze kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, koma tikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba.
Choyamba, izi ndi:
- kasinthasintha wa mbewu (palibe wopachika kabichi ka Peking m'munda suyenera kukula);
- Kugwirizana ndi nthawi yomwe amafikira, yomwe tidalemba;
- kugwiritsa ntchito pobisalira komwe kungadziteteze ku tizirombo;
- kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa (nkhuni kapena uvuni) kapena mwaye (chilichonse mwazinthu izi, mukangopangika mbande kapena mukangodzaza, ndikololedwa kufesa dothi).
Lisanazizire, nthawi zonse mumakumba dothi lonse la fosholo popanda kuthyola zovala, ndipo ngakhale mphutsi za tizirombo tili khumi, ambiri aiwo adzafa ndi chisanu.
Nthawi zina ngakhale mitengo yolumikizira imathandizira tizirombo, mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri samakhudza masamba achifundo kabichi, ngati nkhaka, tomato kapena anyezi ndi adyo zimamera pafupi.
Pazowopsa kwambiri, masiku osakwana 25 tisanakolole, ndizovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amangovomerezeka ndikutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo omwe ali phukusili, koma tikukulangizani kuti muyese kuyesetsa kukonza kabichi mwachangu ngati "Bitoxibacillin", nthawi zina imathandiza kwambiri.
Tsopano za aulesi, amathandizanso kabichi ya Beijing, kuiwononga. Sowgs "amachita" mumdima ndipo nthawi zina wamaluwa samvetsa kuti ndani angachite izi ndi kabichi.
Zowawa zimatha kukhala laimu m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Chimodzi mwazosavuta ndikuyika pansi panthaka, pomwe Beijing kabichi, matabwa, zidutswa, pulasitiki, zounikira zimamera. Monga lamulo, pambuyo pa phwando lausiku, a slugs amafunafuna pothawira, ndipo zinthu zotere pamalopo zimawoneka ngati nyumba yabwino kwambiri. M'mawa, mutha kuchotsa chilichonse chomwe mudatulutsa dzulo ndikusonkhanitsa ma slog omwe asungidwa m'malo achitetezo.
Njira ina ndiyosakaniza phulusa lamatabwa - 250-300 g ndi tsabola wotentha - pafupifupi supuni. Ndi kapangidwe kameneka, mutha kuwaza dothi mozungulira Beijing kabichi, mvula isanagwe kapena kuthirira, zimathandiza, koma kenako muyenera kubwereza njirayi.
Omwe alimi amawona kuyendera bwino kwa "kubiriwira" mwachizolowezi, kuwira kumodzi kumakwanira ndowa yamadzi ndipo kuchuluka kwake - pafupifupi masikweya mita asanu.
Kututa ndi kusungira kabichi ya Beijing
Beijing kabichi ndichikhalidwe chopanda kuzizira, chisanu mpaka 2 ... -3 ° C sichimawopsa konse icho, icho chikukulabe ndikukula, ngati kuti palibe chomwe chidachitika. Nthawi zambiri, olima dimba amatha nthawi yachiwiri kuyeretsa mkati mwa Okutobala pakati pa Russia ndi pakati pa Novembala kumadera ake akumwera.
Mukabzala kapena kubzala kabichi ya Beijing masika, muyenera kuchotsa kabichi, ndikuyang'ana momwe mutu wa kabichi uliri: ukangokhala wandiweyani, ndipo mwachilengedwe, nthawi yofanana ndi mitundu iyi imadutsa, ndiye kuti kabichi imatha kuchotsedwa podula.
Zofunika! Tikufuna kukumbutsanso kuti ikakhala kabichi ya Beijing yomwe ikasungidwa nthawi yachilimwe kuti mubzale kapena kubzala, kabichi yamasika iyenera kudyedwa mwatsopano kapena kuyikiridwa mwachangu.
Beijing kabichi yamalimwe kapena nthawi yofesa chilimwe imasungidwa bwino pamnyontho wa 80-85% ndi kutentha kwa + 4 ... + 6 ° ะก. Nthawi zina umangokulungidwa mu kanema wokhazikika ndikuikidwa mufiriji, kotero umasungidwanso kwanthawi yayitali.
Zosiyanasiyana za Beijing Kabichi
Mwa njira, popeza tafotokoza mitundu, tiyeni titchule mwachidule zatsopano za kabichi ya Beijing, makampani odziwika kwambiri opanga mbewu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo tidzakulimbikitsani, owerenga okondedwa, masiku akukhwima.
Chifukwa chake mitundu yoyambira kabichindi:
- "Medalist" (kampani yaulimi "Sakani", kulemera kwa mutu kuli mpaka 1.6 kg);
- "Shanghai" (kampani yolima "Aelita", kulemera kwa mutu kuli mpaka 1,3 kg,);
- "Sentyabrina" (kampani yaulimi "SeDeK", mutu wolemera mpaka 1.1 kg);
- "Miss China" (kampani yaulimi "SeDeK", kulemera kwa mutu mpaka 1,3 kg);
- "Kukongola Kwa Spring" (kampani yolima "SeDeK", kulemera kwa mutu mpaka 2.0 kg);
- Autumn Jade (SeFeK fimu yaulimi, kulemera kwa mutu mpaka 2.9 kg);
- "Naina" (kampani yaulimi "SeDeK", yolemera mpaka 3.0 kg);
- "Lyubasha" (kampani yaulimi "Sakani"), kulemera kwa mutu kuli mpaka 2.1 kg).
Akuluakulu a zipatso za Beijing kabichi:
- "Harbin" (agrofirm "Gavrish", kulemera kwa mutu mpaka 1,8 kg);
- "Aikido" (agrofirm "Gavrish", kulemera kwa mutu mpaka 2.0 kg);
- "Mtima wa Orange" (kampani yolima "SeDeK", kulemera kwa mutu mpaka 1.5 kg);
- "Pomegranate" (kampani yazaulimi "SeDeK", mutu wakufika ku 2.3 kg);
- "Kukongola kwa Autumn" (kampani yolima "SeDeK", kulemera kwa mutu mpaka 2.4 kg).
Ndipo kabichi mochedwa kabichi:
- "Spring nephrite" (kampani yolima "SeDeK", kulemera kwa mutu mpaka 3.0 kg).
Kodi mumabzala kabichi ya Beijing? Gawo liti? Ndipo ndimbale osangalatsa otani omwe mumakonda kuphika kuchokera pamenepo? Gawani zomwe mwakumana nazo mu ndemanga!
