Zomera zowunikira.
- Gawo 1: Chifukwa chiani kuunikira mbewu. Zopepuka Zodabwitsa ndi Suites
- Gawo 2: Nyali zopangira nyale
- Gawo 3: Kusankha Njira Younikira
Zomera zamkati sizabwino konse. Ayenera kukula mu "phanga", ndipo aliyense amadziwa kuti mbewu sizimakula m'mapanga. Zomera zokondweretsa kwambiri zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a dzuwa, koma njira yofananira ndi kuwala, m'malo mwake, ndi chithunzi chamtunda, pansi pa mtengo wamtali, pomwe dzuwa limangowoneka m'mawa kapena madzulo, ndipo ngakhale ilo labalalitsidwa ndi masamba.
Mwina mlandu wapadera kwambiri ndi nyumba yanga yakale pomwe timakhala pansi pazenera khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zanyumbayi. Mawindo anali akulu, pafupifupi khoma lonse, palibe nyumba zina kapena mitengo inaitseketsa, ndipo mbewu zanga sizinafunikire kuwunikiridwa konse, zimatha kuphuka maulendo 5-6 pachaka (mwachitsanzo, bougainvilleas ndi callistemons). Koma, mukumvetsa, nyumba yovomerezedwayi ndimwadzidzidzi.
Nthawi zambiri, mbewu zilibe kuwala kwenikweni mu malo mchipinda, osati nthawi yozizira komanso chilimwe. Palibe kuwala - palibe chitukuko, palibe kukula, kapena maluwa.
Izi zikubweretsa funso lachiwunikiro cha mbewu, zomwe cholinga chake ndi kulipirira kusowa kwounikira mikhalidwe ya chipindacho, "phanga".
Nthawi zina mbewu zimamera kwathunthu popanda kuwala kwa masana, kokha chifukwa cha nyali, mwachitsanzo, m'chipinda chomwe mulibe mazenera, kapena ngati mbewuzo zimakhala kutali ndi zenera.
Musanayambe kuyatsa kwanyengo, muyenera kusankha ngati mukufuna kuwunikira kapena kuwunikira kwathunthu. Kungoyatsa, ndiye kuti mutha kudutsa ndi nyali zotsika mtengo kwambiri, pafupifupi osadandaula za kuchuluka kwa magetsi awa.
Nyali ziyenera kuyikidwira pamwamba pamtunda pafupifupi masentimita 20 kuchokera pa pepala lapamwamba. M'tsogolomu, ndikofunikira kuti athe kusunthira nyali kapena chomera. Nthawi zambiri ndimayatsa nyali kuposa momwe ndimayembekezera, ndipo "ndidakoka" nyali kumiyala, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mapoto oyang'ana pansi. Zomera zikadzakula, mphika wa poto ukhoza kusinthidwa ndi wina wocheperako kapena kuchotsedwa.
Funso lina mukakhazikitsa kale nyali: maola angati patsiku kuti muwunikire? Zomera zotentha zimafunikira maola 12-14 masana kuti zitheke bwino. Kenako amakula ndi kuphuka. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuyatsa nyali zowerengeka patatsala maola angapo kuti isanawaluke mumsewu, ndikuzimitsa maola angapo kutada.
Ndi kuyala kwathunthu kwazomera, munthu amayeneranso kuganizira mawonekedwe akuwala. Nyali zachilendo sizingachite pano. Ngati mbewu zanu sizikuwona kuwala kwa masana, ndiye kuti muyenera kukhazikitsa nyali ndi mawonekedwe apadera - pazomera ndi / kapena ma aquariums.
Ndiwosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kuyimitsanso kwa nthawi yayitali mukamayatsanso kapena kuwalitsa kwathunthu kwazomera. Njira yosavuta kwambiri ndiyanjira ziwiri, ndiye kuti kulumikizana kumakupatsani mwayi woti mudzatsegule m'mawa kwa maola angapo, kenako madzulo.
Yesetsani kuyatsa mbewuzo ndipo mudzazindikira momwe zimakhalira bwino akakhala ndi kuwala kokwanira!
Mu gawo lino, tikambirana mwachidule za mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe omwe akuyesera kuti adziwe mitundu yayikulu yazowunikira yomwe amayang'anitsidwa ndi mbewu zowunikira akukumana nazo.
Mfundo zazikulu
Ma nyini ndi ma suti nthawi zambiri zimasokoneza. Izi ndi ziwalo za muyeso wonyezimira wowunikira komanso kuwunikira komwe kumafunikira kusiyanitsidwa.
Mphamvu yamagetsi yamoto imayeza mu watts, ndipo mtsinje wowala ("Mphamvu yakuwala") - mu lumens (Lm). Kuwala kwambiri, nyali zambiri zimapepuka. Kufanizira ndi payipi yothirira mbewu - pamene bomba litatsegulidwa, "chonyowa" chilichonse chizikhala mozungulira.
Fuluu lowunikira limadziwika ndi gwero lowunikira, ndipo kuyatsa - pomwe kuwala kumatsikira. Mwa kufananiza ndi payipi - muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amafika pamfundo ina. Izi ndizomwe mungafunikire kuthilira mbeu m'mundamo.
Kuwalako kumayesedwa mu lux (Lx). Gwero lowala ndi kuwunikira kwa 1 Lm, ndikuwunikira moyenera malo ena a 1 mraba. m amapanga pa iwo kuwunikira kwa 1 Lux.
Malangizo Othandiza
Lamulo Lopanda PakatiKuunikira pamtunda kumakhala kofanana kwambiri ndi kukula kwa mtunda kuchokera pa nyali kupita pamwamba. Mukasunthira nyali yopachikika pamwamba pa mbewu kutalika kwa theka la mita, mpaka kutalika kwa mita imodzi kuchokera kuzomera, ndikuwonjezera mtunda ndi theka, ndiye kuti kuwunikira kwa mbewu kumatsika kanayi. Izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa mukamapanga kachitidwe kazowunikira mbewu.
Kuunikira pamtunda kumatengera kuwonekera kwa zochitikaKuunikira pamtunda kumadalira mbali yomwe kuwunikaku kumawunikira. Mwachitsanzo, dzuwa masana, nthawi yayitali kumwamba, limapanga kuwala kambiri padziko lapansi kuposa dzuwa, lomwe limakhazikika pamwamba pa nthawi yachisanu.
Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito kuwala powunikira mbewu, yesani kuyang'ana kwambiri mbewuzo.
Spectrum ndi mtundu
Maonekedwe owalaMtundu wa kuunika komwe kumayatsidwa ndi nyali kumadziwika ndi kutentha kwa utoto (CCT - Correlated Colour Temp
fafaniza). Izi zimachokera pamfundo yoti ngati mkaka mwachitsanzo,
chidutswa chachitsulo, mtundu wake umasintha kuchokera ku red-lalanje kukhala buluu. Kutentha kwazitsulo zotentha, komwe mtundu wake umakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi mtundu wa nyali, umatchedwa kutentha kwa nyali. Amayezedwa m'madigiri Kelvin.
Chinsinsi china cha nyali ndi index index (CRI - mtundu woperekera mitundu). Ndondomeko iyi ikuwonetsa momwe mitundu ya zinthu zowunikira ili pafupi ndi mitundu yowona. Mtengo uwu uli ndi mtengo kuchokera zero mpaka zana. Mwachitsanzo, nyali za sodium zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe otsika, zinthu zonse pansi pawo zimawoneka ngati mtundu womwewo. Mitundu yatsopano ya nyali za fluorescent imakhala ndi CRI yapamwamba. Yesani kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi okhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba wa CRI kuti mbeu zanu zizioneka zokongola. Magawo awiri awa nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa pa kulembedwa kwa nyali za fluorescent. Mwachitsanzo, / 735 - amatanthauza nyali yokhala ndi mtengo wa CRI = 70-75, CCT = 3500K - nyali yoyera yoyera, / 960 - nyali ndi CRI = 90, CCT = 6000K - nyali yamasiku.
CCT (K) | Nyali | Mtundu |
| 2000 | Nyali yochepa ya sodium (yogwiritsidwa ntchito kuyatsa mumsewu), CRI <10 | Orange - Kutuluka kwa dzuwa |
| 2500 | Nyali yayikulu yosakanizira ya sodium (DNaT), CRI = 20-25 | Wachikasu |
| 3000-3500 | Nyali ya Incandescent, CRI = 100, CCT = 3000K Nyali yoyaka-yoyera ya fluorescent, CRI = 70-80 Babu la Halogen, CRI = 100, CCT = 3500K | Choyera |
| 4000-4500 | Nyali yozizira yozungulira (yoyera-yoyera), CRI = 70-90 Metal halide nyale (zitsulo halide), CRI = 70 | Choyera bwino |
| 5000 | Chovala chofiyira cha mercury, CRI = 30-50 | Buluu wowala - thambo lamadzulo |
| 6000-6500 | Nyali yam'madzi yotentha masana, CRI = 70-90 Metal halide nyale (zitsulo-halide, DRI), CRI = 70 Mercury Lamp (DRL) CRI = 15 | Thambo lamitambo |
Zotsatira za mawonekedwe a photosynthesis omwe amapezeka muzomera, mphamvu yakuwala imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yogwiritsa ntchito chomera. Pogwira ntchito ya photosynthesis, mmera umamwa kaboni dioxide ndikutulutsa mpweya wabwino. Kuwala kumayamwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera mu chomera, makamaka chlorophyll. Vutoli limatenga kuwala mumtambo wamtambo komanso wofiirira.
Chlorophyll mayamwidwe sipekitiramu (yopingasa - wavelength in nm)Kuphatikiza pa photosynthesis, palinso njira zina m'minda, zomwe kuunikira kochokera kosiyanasiyana kumawonjezera. Mwa kusankha sipekitiramu, kusintha nthawi yakuwala komanso nyengo yakuda, munthu amatha kuthamangitsa kapena kuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono kukula kwa mbewu, kufupikitsa nyengo yomwe ikukula, ndi zina zambiri.
Mwachitsanzo, ma pigment okhala ndi chidwi chautali m'derali lodziwika bwino ndi omwe amachititsa kuti mizu ipangidwe, kucha kwa zipatso, ndi maluwa. Kuti muchite izi, nyumba zobiriwira zimagwiritsa ntchito nyali za sodium, momwe ma radiation yambiri imagwera pagawo lofiira la mawonekedwe. Mitengo yokhala ndi mayamwidwe kumtunda wa buluu imayang'anira kukula kwa masamba, kukula kwa mbewu, ndi zina zambiri. Zomera zomwe zimamera ndi kuwala kosakwanira buluu, monga pansi pa nyali yazitali, zimakhala zazitali - zimatambalala kuti zitheke "kuwala kwamtambo." Utoto, womwe umayang'anira kuyang'ana kwa mbeuyo kulowera, umathandizanso kuyang'ana kwamtambo.
Mapeto ofunikira amachokera ku ichi: nyali yopangidwira kuwunikira mbewu izikhala ndi mitundu yofiyira komanso yamtambo.
Opanga ambiri nyali za fluorescent amapereka nyali zokhala ndi sipekitiramu yokonzera mbewu. Ndizabwino kwambiri pazomera kuposa zomwe zimawunikira zipinda. Ndizomveka kugwiritsa ntchito nyali yotere ngati muyenera kusintha wakale. Ndi mphamvu imodzimodzi, nyali yapadera imapereka kuwala "kofunika" kwa zomera. Ngati mukukhazikitsa njira yatsopano yowunikira mbewu, ndiye kuti musathamangitsire magetsi apadera awa, omwe ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa magetsi wamba. Ikani nyali yamphamvu kwambiri ndi utoto wapamwamba wopereka chokwanira (kuyatsa nyali - / 9 ...). Mu mawonekedwe ake padzakhala zinthu zonse zofunika, ndipo zimapereka kuwala kwambiri kuposa nyali yapadera.
Tithokoze mwapadera kwa ogwira ntchito tsambalo toptropicals.com chilolezo chofalitsa nkhaniyo pa gwero lathu.
