Pakati pa maluwa obiriwira a herbaceous, mabelu m'munda mwanga ali ndi malo apadera. Amakhala bwino pakupanga kwa dimba: wamtali - pa mphanda m'mabatani ndi nyimbo; omwe ali pakati ali mu chosakanikirana, pafupi ndi miyala moyang'anizana ndi maziko a conifers, ndipo otsika ndi ocheperako ali paphiri la kumapiri ngakhale mumtsuko.
Pakati pa banja lalikulu lokhala ndi belu, lodziwika bwino ndi mtundu wa Campanula, kapena Campanula (Campanula) Ili ndi dzina lake kuchokera ku liwu Lachilatini "Campana" - belu, chifukwa cha mtundu wofanana wa inflorescence.
Campanula cochleariifolia. © Michael GasperlKulima kwa belu zamtchire m'minda kunayamba ku Middle Ages. Ku Russia, adakongoletsa minda yamakhothi ndi zigawo zabwino; amakondedwa ndi olemekezeka pakati pa zaka za zana la 16. Kwa ma belo ataliitali m'minda ya ku Europe, mitundu yawo yosangalatsa idasankhidwa, mitundu yokongoletsa kwambiri idapangidwa.
Ku Russia, mabelu akhala akukondedwa kuyambira kale. Amatchedwa nkhunda mwachikondi, kupavka, mauta, maukada, mabelu ... Panali chikhulupiriro chandakatulo kuti usiku wa Ivan Kupala mutha kumva belu lachete likulira.
Mabelu ankakondedwa osati chifukwa cha kukongola kwawo, komanso chifukwa cha machitidwe awo abwino achiritsi. A decoction masamba ndi zimayambira ankachitira mutu, tonsillitis, chifuwa, erysipelas, matenda am'mimba, khunyu ndi matenda ena ambiri. Ndipo mitundu ina ya mabelu imatha kudyedwa, kuchulukitsa thupi ndi mchere wamchere ndi ascorbic acid.
Campanula portenschlagiana belu. © Kor! AnKukonda kwa mabelu kunadutsa kuchokera kumibadwo kupita ku kam'badwo. Ndipo izi ndizachilengedwe: zokongoletsera zokongola komanso zowongolera za maluwa amenewa sizingasiye olima maluwa osangalatsidwa.
Mabelu oyamba omwe adawonekera m'munda mwanga anali mitundu yamtchire: chodzaza, yotakata, kukwirira, tsamba la nettle, pichesi, rotundifolia. Akulidwa mchikhalidwe kwazaka zambiri.
Mabelu amtunduwu m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia amakula m'matanthwe, m'malire a nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango ndi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, m'mipata. Samayimira ntchito yambiri pakukula m'munda. Samalekerera madzi osasunthika okha, omwe amachititsa kuti akwereke, ndikuthira feteleza wambiri ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni theka lachiwiri la chilimwe - ndiye kuti amanyowa kotero kuti mu kasupe palibe.
Belu limayenda ngati chimanga (Campanula lactiflora).
Simungagawe mabelu ngati zipatso zosatha, koma izi zimabwezedwa ndi njira zosavuta kubereka. Chosavuta kwa iwo ndi mbewu. Mbewu zimasilira kumera nthawi yayitali kuposa zipatso zina (mpaka zaka 5), ndipo zimasungidwa pamalo abwino komanso motalika.
Ndimatembenukira pakufalikira ndi mbewu ngati chomera chili chamtunda, chikuchoka kwambiri, monga mwachitsanzo, mumaliloma. Koma mitundu yambiri imatha kufalitsidwa ndikugawa mosamala malo ogulitsira achinyamata mchaka, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokukula. Ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabelu, ndimadula kuyambira nthawi yakukula mpaka pakati pa Juni mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pansi pa mabotolo apulasitiki odulidwa. Zidula zimazika mizu msanga ngati muthiridwa ndi mankhwala "Kornevin."
Pang'onopang'ono, ndinasinthira mbewu zanga zamtchire mitundu yamitundu yokongoletsera. Ndinali wokondwa nditapeza kalasi Superba belu ladzaza: lili ndi maluwa akuluakulu, amtundu wa buluu wofiirira, inflorescence wobiriwira ndi maluwa. Kongoletsani bwino munda wamitundu yosiyanasiyana Alba ndi Mcranta, mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya belu ...
Belu ndi wideleaf (Campanula latifol). © Sazhin64Ndi zokumana nazo, chikhumbocho chidakula kukulira mabelu ochokera kum'mwera kwakumwera. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana idakhala yabwino m'mundawo Belu lamkaka, chomera chachitali, chamaluwa chochulukirapo ndi maluwa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana mpaka 4 cm, wolumikizidwa m'mitundu yayikulu ya inflemose inflorescence.
Palibe vuto kukula ndi ine belu lamabala, adalandira dzina ili la madontho ofiirira, ofiira a pinki, akuda pang'ono, otulutsa inflorescence. Belu limakula bwino, ndipo, lamtengo wapatali, limalekerera mthunzi.
Kubwera kwa Alpine slide m'mundamo, mabelu odabwitsika adakhala okondedwa. Ndizachikongoletso choona cha munda wamwala, makamaka mu theka loyambirira la chilimwe, komanso chinazimiririka ndi masamba ake osiyanasiyana omwe amathandizira kuyenderana kwa mbewu ndi mwala.
Mabelu ambiri omwe ali koyenera kwa alpine slide ndi Carpathian. Maluwa osakwatiwa, osatseka, oyera ngati mawonekedwe oyera, abuluu, komanso utoto wofiirira amasangalatsa diso kwa nthawi yayitali - pafupifupi onse a Juni ndi Julayi. Belu la Carpathian ndi losasamala, labwinobwino nthawi yozizira, koma silimakonda nkhawa ndikusinthira pafupipafupi.
Bell Carpathian (Campanula carpatica). © Kor! AnChimawoneka chokhudza phiri maluwa. Kutalika kwake ndi kocheperako - osapitirira 15 cm, koma masamba owonda, opangika amapanga masewera enieni okhala ndi maluwa oyera, abuluu kapena abuluu, kutengera mitundu. Chomera chimakhala chokongoletsa ndipo chitatha maluwa chifukwa cha masamba okongola, ang'onoang'ono, osasinthasintha.
Zojambula zokongoletsera zapamwamba belu gargan. Ngakhale sanali wamtali, mpaka 15 masentimita, akadakhala m'maluwa ambiri okhala ndi "nyenyezi" zamtambo, amakongoletsa phirilo mwezi wonse wa Julayi.
Kuzungulira nthawi yomweyo belu la Pozharsky. Maluwa ake amatengedwa angapo kumapeto kwa mphukira, chifukwa chake zofukiza zowoneka bwino zimapangidwa paphiripo.
Belu limasiyanasiyana (Campanula polymorpha). © Opiola JerzyMitundu yokhazikika yokhazikika Belu la Portenschlag. Ndi yotsika - mpaka 15 cm, koma imasiyanitsidwa bwino ndi maluwa amtundu wotentha wofiirira. M'madera ozizira kwambiri, malo otetezeka samasokoneza.
Chimodzi mwa zing'onozing'ono - belu lamanja-atatu, imafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 10-15 okha. Corolla yamaluwa ake ndi lachiyera chopepuka, ndi nthambi zisanu, ndi masamba owonda ndi masamba atatu, pomwe adalandira dzina lake. Belu la ana ili likukhudza mtima kwambiri ndi kusakhazikika kwake.
Mabelu osiyanasiyana ndiwabwino kwambiri kotero kuti nthawi zonse amalimbikitsa chikhumbo chofuna kubwezeretsanso pamodzi nawo. Mitundu ya mabulosi abulu imakhala ndi mitundu yoposa 300 ya mbewu, zambiri mwa izo ndizoyenera kukula m'minda yomwe tili. Amakhala osazizira kwambiri, ndipo okhawo ochokera ku Mediterranean amafunikira malo ogona nthawi yozizira, mwina ndi tsamba louma, kapena nthambi zokhala ndi spruce, kapena zongophimba. Chifukwa chake, ndikupeza belu latsopano, nthawi zonse ndimazindikira mawonekedwe ake, kuzindikira "kwawo", ndipo kuchokera pano ndimapanga kale ukadaulo waulimi.
Bell Bearded (Campanula barbata). © Bernd HaynoldChovuta kwambiri kukula mitundu yamapiri. Kunyumba, amakula pakati pa miyala yolimba, pomwe mwala sungokhala, komanso chakudya. M'mundamo, iwo amakula pokhapokha ngati dothi likucheperachepera. Mabelu awa akuphatikizapo: womangidwa, adyo, Maganizo, chochitika, Bieberstein, Osh ndi ena. Koma, ndikhulupirireni, ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuwona mawonekedwe opepuka a mabelu osiyanasiyana pafupifupi chilimwe chonse. Ndipo chifukwa cha izo ndikoyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika!
Wolemba: V. Myagkaya
