Maluwa ndi zitsamba zokongoletsera. Gawo 3

Zolemba. Biennials.

Gawo 1. Momwe mungayikire maluwa. Kukula pansi: Kusankha mbeu, kubzala.
Gawo 2. Kutentha, madzi, zakudya zopepuka. Kusiya. Kubalana.
Gawo 3. Zolemba. Biennials.
Gawo 4. Osamba.
Gawo 5. Zisamba zodzikongoletsera.

Zolemba.

Zomera zoterezi zimatchedwa kuti chaka ndi chaka kapena chaka chilichonse chifukwa zimangokhala chaka chimodzi chokha. Ambiri aiwo amafunikira nthawi yayitali, chifukwa iwo amakula ndi mbande. Maluwa ambiri amatulutsa chilimwe chonse - izi zimaphatikizapo petunia, fodya. M'mayendedwe ena oyendetsa ndege, mbewu zimafesedwa pansi m'nthaka - calendula, cosmea, cornflower, nasturtium.

Kwenikweni, nyengo yachilimwe yoberekedwa ndi mbewu. Terry mitundu ya nasturtium ndi mbewu za petunia samangidwa. Zimafalitsidwa ndi odulidwa.

Zowuluka pamaluwa amaluwa ndi kuchotsera zimawoneka zokongola. Pakati pawo pali mbewu zokhala ndi maluwa onunkhira. Nandolo zotsekemera, Reseda, Alissum, Levkoy - sangokongoletsa wokongoletsayo, komanso amadzaza ndi fungo lapadera.

Alissum

Chomera, chosachepera kutentha ndi nthaka, chitha kulekerera chisanu ndi chilala, chimakula bwino m'malo otetezeka.

Kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, mbewu za alissum zimafesedwa m'mabokosi, ndipo mu Meyi zimasinthidwa m'malo osaloledwa ndi mtunda pakati pa mbewu za 15-16 cm. Chomera chimaphukira mpaka chisanu. Mumangofunika kumasula dothi munthawi yake, namsongole ndikudyetsa.

Zosiyanasiyana zamtundu wa alissum - wokhala ndi maluwa oyera ndi ofiirira, okhala ndi fungo la uchi.

Astra

Astra ya pachaka ndi imodzi mwazomera zotchuka. Zopangira zipatsozo zimabereka kokha ndi mbewu. Kutalika, mbewu zimagawika m'magulu atatu. Mkulu - 50-80 masentimita, apakati - 30-50 cm, otsika - mpaka 30 cm.

Kuti asters adaphukira poyambirira, amakula mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena m'bokosi. Pakati pa Marichi, mbewu zimafesedwa. Pofesa gwiritsani ntchito nthaka yatsopano (yosagwiritsidwa ntchito). Tengani magawo atatu a malo owetera, gawo limodzi la mchenga ndi gawo limodzi la peat. Nthaka ikathiriridwa bwino, mchenga wa mumtsinje kapena mchenga wosambitsidwa bwino umathiridwa pamwamba ndi wosanjikiza wa 1.5-2 cm.

Mbewu zimamera pakatentha 20 20 °. Kuwombera kumaonekera patatha pafupifupi sabata limodzi. Pa 1 m2 ya bokosi muyenera 5-6 g ya njere. Mutabzala, mabokosi amawazidwa ndi mchenga ndi wosanjikiza wa 0,5 masentimita ndikuthiriridwa kuchokera kuthilira ndi chochepetsera chochepa. Mabokosi amafunika kuphimbidwa ndi filimu kuti chinyontho chisakhale chofanana. Mphukira zikaonekera, kutentha kuyenera kukhala 15-16 ° C, usiku ndi bwino kutsitsa kutentha mpaka 4 ° C. Mbeu zimafunika kuthiriridwa bwino, koma kawirikawiri, nthaka sikuyenera kuthiridwa madzi. Ngati matendawa akuwoneka - mwendo wakuda, ndiye kuti mbewu zimathiriridwa ndi madzi, momwe potaziyamu permanganate amawonjezeredwa mpaka utoto wofiirira.

Mbewu zikakula, zimamudyetsa. Mbande imadumphira m'mimba pomwe ili ndi masamba enieni a 1-2. Pafupifupi masiku 7-10 patazulidwa mizu, mbande zimadyetsedwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mullein: 0,5 l pachidebe chilichonse cha madzi. Mbande nthawi zambiri zimadyetsedwa kawiri.

Simungathe kukula mu malo amodzi kwa zaka zingapo motsatizana, chifukwa zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Fusarium. Pakatikati pa dziko lathu, mbande nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwa m'ma Meyi. Mitundu yotsika imabzalidwa ndi mtunda wa 20X 20 cm, sing'anga - 25 X 25 cm, kutalika - ZOX 30 cm.

Mutabzala, mbande zimathiriridwa (pafupifupi malita 0,5 a madzi pachomera chilichonse), kenako dothi limamasulidwa ndikuwuma kapena dothi louma limathira kumizu kuti kutumphuka kusapangike.

Asters amatha kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wachilengedwe panthaka pomwe palibe humus okwanira. Pamatunda achonde, kulowetsedwa kwa mbalame kumadyetsedwa.

Mutha kubzala asters mu nthaka ndi mbewu. Zomera zoterezi zimatha kugonjetsedwa ndi nyengo yoipa.

Dothi likacha, mutha kubzala asters. Mbewu zofesedwa pathanthwe mu 1.5-2 masentimita, mutafesa mzere, zimathiridwa pamadzi othirira ndi chochepetsera chaching'ono. Kenako mbewuzo zimayikiridwa ndi manyowa kapena dothi lachonde, nkhokwezo sizimatsekeka. Mizere imathiriridwa kokha mumphepo, yolimba nyengo 1-2 m'masiku 10-12.

Mutha kubzala asters m'nyengo yozizira. Mbewu zofesedwa zitunda zakonzedwa ndi mizere 2 cm (theka lachiwiri la Novembala). Kufesa kumadzaza ndi humus ndi wosanjikiza wa 2-2,5 cm, woluka peat, womwe umasungidwa m'chipinda chopanda ayezi. M'litali mwake masentimita 5. Pakatikati, osadikira mbande, kuyang'ana kwambiri zosanjikiza, ndizotheka kumasula mzere.

Mphukira imadulidwa pomwe tsamba loyambirira limawonekera. Pamadothi opepuka, ma asters amadya mullein. Asanadye, m'derali madzi ake. Tsambalo likuyenera kukhala lonyowa. Namsongole amafunika kuchotsedwa pa nthawi yake. Zomera pafupi ndi mbewu zimamasulidwa ndi masentimita atatu okha; mizu yawo imakhala pafupi ndi dothi. Panjira, kuya kwake ndi masentimita 5-7.

Mu nthawi yophukira, asters amatha kuikidwa kukhala maluwa miphika, ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali amasangalala ndi maluwa awo.

Calendula

Chomera chonyalanyachi chimakonda kumera m'malo a dzuwa, pomwe dothi limapangidwa chonde ndi chonyowa.

Zofesedwa ndi mbewu zomwe zimafesedwa mu nthaka yophukira kapena masika ndikudzibzala tokha. Kuti tipeze mbande, mbewu zimabzalidwa mu Epulo, kumapeto kwa Meyi zimabzalidwa m'nthaka, mtunda pakati pa mbewu ndi 15-30 cm (kutengera mitundu).

Mtundu wa maluwa umakhala wachikasu mpaka lalanje, kuchokera kosavuta mpaka pawiri.

Amaluwa m'masiku 45-50, maluwa amatenga kumapeto kwa June mpaka chisanu.

Mbewu zimakolola kuchokera ku calendula pomwe zimatembenuka chikasu ndikutembenuka.

Nasturtium

Nasturtium imakonda kuwala, imakula bwino pamadothi popanda feteleza okhala ndi nitrogen yambiri. Nasturtium imafalitsidwa ndi mbewu zomwe zimacha mu Ogasiti - Seputembala.

Kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, nasturtium mbewu zofesedwa m'nthaka, mbande zimawonekera m'masiku 12, mbewuyo imaphuka m'masiku 45-50. Mbewu ikakhala ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu owona, mbande zimafunika kudulidwamo. Pokwera mitundu, malo akuluakulu odyetserako 70 X 35 masentimita amafunika, kwa mitundu yamtchire - 70X 20 cm, kapena 35X 40 cm.

Zosiyanasiyana za nasturtium zimasiyana kutalika kwazomera, mtundu wamaluwa ndi maluwa. Malinga ndi "kukula" agawidwa kukhala ma bushings okhala ndi kutalika kwa 20-30 cm, akukwera - 2-4 m kutalika kwa chikwapu. Masamba amatha kukhala wobiriwira wobiriwira, wobiriwira, wobiriwira wakuda. Akuluakulu, apakati komanso ang'ono. Mtundu wa duwa limachokera ku pinki pamtundu wa kirimu mpaka maroon, pafupifupi wakuda ndi woderapo, kuchokera ku kirimu mpaka chikasu chakuda. Maluwa amatha kukhala osavuta komanso owirikiza.

Nasturtium salekerera kutentha kwakukulu komanso kotsika.

Marigolds

Ma Marigolds kapena ma tagete amatha kukhala osachita kawiri (kosavuta), pang'ono komanso kawiri. Nthawi zambiri, marigold amabwera m'mitundu iwiri - yofiira ndi malire achikaso, chikasu kapena lalanje ndi malo otuwa.

Marigolds amakonda kutentha ndi kutentha, koma osachepetsa nthaka, amatha kuletsa chilala komanso chinyezi chambiri.

Ndikwabwino kuzikulitsa ndi mbande. Mbewu zofesedwa mu Epulo, ndiye mbande imagwera pansi, chifukwa chifukwa chosowa kuwala iwo amatuluka. Zabzalidwa pansi kumapeto kwa Meyi - mu June. Mitundu yapamwamba - 30-50 masentimita pakati pazomera, zotsika - 20-25 cm.

Marigolds amathanso kufesedwa mosabisa - amatulutsa maluwa kutengera masiku 45-70.

Nandolo zabwino

Nandolo zotsekemera ndizodziwika kwambiri komanso zofala kwambiri pakati pazaka.

Nandolo wokoma wakonzedwa mu kugwa. Amawonjezera laimu (0,2 kg pa 1 m2), feteleza wachilengedwe kapena peat (1 makilogalamu pa 1 m2), ndi mchenga (6 kg pa 1 m2) amawonjezeredwa pamadothi olemera. Kenako kukumba dothi.

Nandolo wokoma amakonda kuwala ndipo saopa chisanu. Amakonda kwambiri kutentha kotentha. Kutentha kochepa komanso kusinthasintha kwamphamvu, maluwa okoma a mtola ndi masamba amagwa.

Mutha kubzala mbewu ndi mbande kapena kubzala mbewu nthawi yomweyo. Kwa mbande, mbewu zofesedwa kumapeto kwa Marichi - koyambirira kwa Epulo. Thirirani mbewu pang'ono dothi likauma. Mukamadzala masamba enieni mu chomera, tsinani kukula kwake ndikudyetsa mbewuzo.

Dothi likangotha kutentha, nandolo nthawi yomweyo zimabzalidwa m'nthaka ndi mtunda pakati pa mbewu za 15-20 cm.

Ngati njere zofesedwa m'nthaka, nazi zimaphuka patatha masiku 70-90.

Kusamalira mbewu ndi motere: amadyetsedwa kawiri - masabata 1.5-2 pambuyo poti mbande zikamera kapena kufalikira ndipo mutaphuka, nthaka imasulidwa, namsongole amachotsedwa.

©weloalove

Cosmea

Chomera ichi ndi chosasilira, chosazizira komanso chosinthika. Sikufunika kuthira dothi ndi feteleza wachilengedwe, maluwa amachedwetsedwa, ndipo chomera chimamasulira kwambiri. Kutalika kwa Kosmey kuchokera 1 mpaka 1.2 m wokhala ndi masamba opanga zokongoletsera kwambiri. Ogulitsa maluwa amakula, kapena, moyenera, amagwira ntchito ndi mitundu iwiri - sulufule sulfure ndi cosmea yokhala ndi utoto wapawiri. Cosmea yoyesedwa kawiri ndi yoyera, yapinki ndi karmazinovoy. Sulphide cosmea ndi golide komanso lalanje.

Mbewu zofesedwa m'nthaka pomwe dothi limawunda (ndikutheka ndi mbande). Mtunda pakati pa mbewu ndi 20-30 cm. Limamasula m'masiku 45-50 ndipo limamasula kuti chisanu. Mbewu zimakolola zikafika zofiirira.

Clove

Chimodzi mwazomera zotchuka kwambiri m'mundamo. Pakati pa zokongoletsa pamakhala zanyengo ndi zamankhwala amitundu mitundu, zomwe zina zake zimakula. Pakuti chilimwe chimaphatikizapo zovala za m'munda ndi zovala za ku China. Pakati pakatikati pa dzikolo, a clove limamasula kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, pamafunika kutentha kwambiri, kotero amalima maluwa amalima Chinese cloves, kapena m'malo mwake, osiyanasiyana a iwo, a Neddevig cloves. Kutalika kwa mbewu kuchokera pa 20-30 masentimita, mtundu wake ndi wolimba kapena maselo awiri.

Ichi ndi chomera chachikulu komanso chopanda kuzizira, sichilekerera chinyezi chambiri.

Kuti chomera chikule kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, mbewu ziyenera kufesedwa mu March. Kenako mbande imalowa.

Pakati pa Meyi, mbande zimabzalidwa m'nthaka mtunda wa masentimita 20 pakati pa mbewu, pamalo pomwe pali dzuwa, nyengo yake ndi feteleza wachilengedwe. Zomera zomwe zimabyala m'miphika za peat zimamera bwino. Zomera zimadyetsedwa feteleza, nthaka imamasulidwa, namsongole amachotsedwa.

Zomera pachaka pa "Botany"

Biennials

Mandiiwale

Izi ndi mbewu zomwe zimapereka maluwa okongola kwambiri mchaka chachiwiri mutabzala. Zina mwazomera izi ndizomwe zimapezeka nthawi zonse, koma malinga ndi malo omwe si a Black Earth Region iwo amakhala achikulire, chifukwa mchaka chachitatu nthawi zambiri amavutika kwambiri ndi chisanu. Maluwa amayamba kuvuta (ang'ono, osati owala kwambiri). Ngati mbewu za mbewuzi zibzalidwa koyambirira, ndiye kuti zimaphuka chaka chino.

Biennials pachimake mu kasupe ndi kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.

Pansies

Pansies, kapena viola, violet Vitrocca. Awa ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa womwe mitundu yachilengedwe ya mtundu wa violet, wokhala ndi nyanga, Altai violet ndi wachikasu wachikasu amatenga nawo mbali.

Maso a ma pansies sakugwira ntchito. Zimamasuka bwino nyemba komanso manyowa owola zikayambitsidwa m'nthaka. Izi ndi mbewu zololera pamthunzi, sizimawopa kuzizira, zimangophimba pang'ono nthawi yozizira. Chinyezi chambiri chimalekerera bwino, nyengo yadzuwa ndi yotentha maluwa amakhala ochepa, pachimake bwino. Monga michere yambiri, mchaka chachitatu, mbewu zambiri zimafa kapena kutaya zokongoletsera zake.

Pansies amafalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi kudula. Kuti mbewuzi zitheke mchaka choyamba, mbewuzo zimafesedwa mu Marichi - Epulo. M'mwezi wa May, m'munda wotseguka. Kuti mbewu zitheke mchaka chachiwiri mu nthawi yophukira, mbewu zimafesedwa nthawi zonse m'nthaka kumayambiriro kwa Julayi. Mbewu siziyenera kunenepa.

M'chilimwe, popanda chinyezi, mbewu zimamwetsa madzi, udzu, kumasulidwa ndi kudyetsedwa ndi mullein wothira.

Bell

Zomera 60-90 cm.Maluwa ndi oyera, lilac, pinki, abuluu, violet. Amakonda dothi lachonde lomwe mandimu amawonjezerapo. Mbewu zofesedwa zitunda. Mukabzala m'mawa, ndiye kuti adzaphuka chaka chomwecho. Patatha mwezi umodzi kufesa, mbande zimadumphira pamtunda wa 5 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Chakumapeto kwa Ogasiti, adasinthidwa ku malo okhazikika ndi dera la 40 X 40 cm.

Itha kufalikira pogawa chitsamba ndi ana a mizu.

Mallow

Mallow, kapena tsinde-rose, ndi chomera chachitali (mpaka 2 m), chamaluwa akulu, apawiri komanso maluwa awiri. Colouring - yoyera, yapinki, yofiyira, yofiyira, yakuda, yachikaso. Maluwa amakhala pafupa lamaluwa lalitali. Imayamba kuphuka kuyambira mwezi wa June mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Mallow limamasula bwino dothi lokhazikika. Amadyetsa mbewu (zitosi za mbalame) kumayambiriro kwa maluwa.

Kufalikira ndi mbewu. Ndikubzala koyambirira, zimaphukira chaka choyamba. Nthawi zambiri mbewu zimafesedwa mu nthawi yophukira, ndipo mbewu zimabzalidwa masika pamtunda wa 40-60 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.

Daisy

Kutalika kwa mbewu kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 30 cm.Maluwa ndi oyera, ofiira, ofiira. Amachita maluwa kuchokera mwezi wa Epulo mpaka Juni, mu nthawi yachilimwe - mpaka Julayi, amalolera nyengo yachisanu bwino, masamba ndi masamba mu chipale chofewa. Kufalikira kwa mbewu ndi kugawikana kwa chitsamba. Koma mbewu zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zochulukitsa maluwa zimamera kuchokera pambewu.

Daisy saopa mthunzi, amakula bwino panthaka iliyonse, koma amayankha bwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe. Tumizani kumuika nthawi iliyonse.

Mbeu za Daisy ndizochepa kwambiri, motero zimakutidwa ndi dothi loonda kapena peat. Kuti dothi lisaphwete, mbewuzo zimafunikira kuti zimetezedwe pang'ono. Dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi. Mu Ogasiti - Seputembala, mbewu zibzalidwe m'malo osagwirizana ndi 20 cm kuchokera pa wina ndi mzake. Potere, mbewuzo zidzaphuka chaka chamawa.

Kuti maluwa amatulutsa m'dzinja, mbewu ziyenera kufesedwa kumapeto kwa Marichi - koyambirira kwa Epulo. Amaonetsetsa kuti dothi nthawi zonse limakhala lotayirira, ndipo zomerazi zimamwe madzi ambiri. Zomera zitha kudyetsedwa nthawi 1-2 ndi feteleza wachilengedwe.

Zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito: