Munthu aliyense kamodzi m'moyo wake amaganiza za kukongola kwachilengedwe chotizungulira. Mitengo ya mkungudza yobiriwira nthawi zonse, mitengo italiitali yamtchire, mitengo yowoneka bwino komanso nsanja zokongola zimawoneka ndi ulemerero wawo.
Ndipo ndizabwino bwanji kutaya nthawi m'nkhalango ya coniferous, mukusangalala ndi fungo lapadera? Pofuna kusangalala nthawi zambiri monga momwe kungathekere, anthu ambiri amabzala zipatso zokongola nthawi zonse pachikhalidwe chawo.
Kodi mtengo uwu ndi wokongola bwanji? Maonekedwe ake, katundu wothandiza, komanso chisamaliro chosamalidwa.
Mitundu yonse yamtengo wobiriwira nthawi zonse
Mitengo ikuluikulu ya spruce imamera pafupifupi kumpoto kwa Nyengo. Amadziwika ku America, Europe ndi Far East. Mitengo yotere imakongoletsa mapiri a Ural ndi Caucasus. Amakula mu steppe zone ndipo amakulira m'mizinda. Awa ndiwo maziko a taiga yaku Siberian, komwe kukongola kwakachilengedwe kumalamulira. Amapezeka m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, moyandikana ndi mitengo yowola.
Mitengo ya spruce ndi mitengo yopyapyala yomwe imamera kuchokera 35 m kutalika mpaka 50. M'zaka 10 zoyambirira zimakula pang'onopang'ono komanso kutalika kokha. Kwa chaka - masentimita ochepa chabe. Nthawi imeneyi, mizu imakhazikika pamtengowo, womwe umakhazikika panthaka. Pakatha zaka 15, gawo la mizu limayamba kukula. Chifukwa cha izi, kukula kwa spruce kumathandizira mpaka zaka 120, kenako ndikuchepetsa kachiwiri.
Mtengowo uli ndi korona wofanana ndi piramidi wokhala ndi chosongoka. P thunthu lonse, pafupifupi ponseponse, pamakhala nthambi zambiri. Thunthu la msuzi wachichepere utoto wopaka utoto. Mitengo yakale imasiyanitsidwa ndi khungwa laimvi, lomwe limatulutsa timbale ting'onoting'ono.
Singano za mbali zinayi kapena zopyapyala zimamera panthambi monga zimayambira. Mphamvu zake zimakhalapo kwa zaka 6. Zomwe zimagwera zimasinthidwa pafupipafupi. Ndi mtundu wa singano zimachitika:
- wobiriwira
- buluu
- chikasu;
- imvi.
Kuphatikiza apo, singano zimanyezimira, ngakhale ndizowonda kwambiri. Ngakhale izi, zonunkhira zabwino zomwe zili pachithunzichi zimadabwitsa.
Monga mtengo uliwonse, maluwa othimbirira amatulutsa chipatso. Nthawi zambiri awa amakhala ma cylindrical, owongoka pang'ono mawonekedwe. Amakula mpaka 15 masentimita ndipo amakhala ndi miyeso yaying'ono, mkati momwe mbewu zobisika.
Pakati pa nthawi yophukira, amakhala ndipo amasunthidwa ndi mafunde amphepo zosiyanasiyana. Mbewu iliyonse siyimera kwa zaka 10, ndiye sizikudziwika kuti ndi liti ndipo mtengo watsopano udzaonekere.
Kuti muchite bwino kukongoletsa nthawi zonse, malo abwino ndiofunika. Mwakutero:
- Malo amdima.
- Chinyezi chochepa.
- Nyengo yabwino.
- Masulani nthaka.
Nthawi zambiri mtengo sumaopa kuzizira, koma kusokonekera kwambiri komanso nthawi yayitali kumatha kuvulaza. Chifukwa chake, kukula kwa spruce ku dacha yanu, muyenera kuganizira za nyengo.
Ngati mumabzala mitengo yotseguka pamalo abwinobwino, imatha kudwala ndi dzuwa. Mitengo yamitengo imafunika kuthirira moyenera ndipo imawopa kuchilala.
M'malo achilengedwe, pali mitundu pafupifupi 50 yokongola nthawi zonse. Ambiri aiwo amakula mwachilengedwe. Ena amaonedwa ngati okongoletsa, chifukwa chake amakula m'matawuni komanso m'makomo a chilimwe.
Mitundu yotchuka ya spruce m'chilengedwe
Popeza spruce wobiriwira nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana korona ndi mtundu wa singano, amagawika m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Dziwani mitundu yotchuka kwambiri.
Spruce wamba waku Europe
Kukongola kosatha kwa mtunduwu kumakhala kutalika kwa 30 m. Nthawi zina pamakhala zimphona zenizeni - pafupifupi 50 metres. Korona wa European spruce ndiwopangika mawonekedwe, m'mimba mwake amatha kukhala pafupifupi 8 mita. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yolimba ndi nsonga yolunjika.
Nthambi zimakhala pamtengo pa drooping mawonekedwe kapena lotseguka. Makungwa ake ndi amtundu wosalala. Mukakhala wamkulu, imakhala yofiyira ndipo imatuluka ndi mbale zowonda, zomwe zimawerengedwa ngati njira yachilengedwe.
Ku spruce ku Europe amadziwika ndi singano zooneka ngati singano, zolimba komanso zodabwitsika pakukhudza. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a tetrahedral okhala ndi nsonga yakuthwa. Mtundu - wobiriwira wakuda ndi wonyezimira bwino. Ma singano amakhalabe pamtengowu kwa zaka pafupifupi 12, pambuyo pake zimagundika ndikusinthidwa ndi wina watsopano.
Umayamba kuphuka kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Pa nthambi zimawoneka ngati amuna owoneka ofiira komanso akazi obiriwira obiriwira. Zipatso ndi ma cylindrical cones kutalika kwa 15 cm.Akakhwima, amapaka utoto wobiriwira kapena wofiirira, akapsa, amapeza tint yofiirira.
Kuti mumvetse momwe spruce wamba amakulira mwachangu, mutha kuwonera. Zaka 10 zoyambirira, kamtengo kakang'ono kamakhala pafupi. Koma izi ndizoyang'ana koyamba, kungoyambira pomwe spruce imakula pang'onopang'ono. Komatu kukula kumathandizira. Chaka chilichonse, thunthu limakula 50 cm komanso 15 cm mulifupi. Mukalekerera zaka 10 zoyambirira, mudzalandira zokongola zobiriwira monga mphotho.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera ya spruce.
Acrocona
Mtengowu umakula mpaka 3 m kutalika. M'lifupi mwake korona umafika pamamita 4. mawonekedwe ake ndi chopondera chachikulu. Nthambi zopanda kanthu komwe kafumbata, ma singano owoneka ngati bango amakula. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zobiriwira zakuda ndi sheen wonyezimira.
Khungwa laing'onoting'ono limachita imvi komanso yosalala. Pambuyo pake imakhala yofiyira kapena ya bulauni, ikayamba kuwuma.
Pakupita kwa chaka, spruce imakula mpaka 10cm komanso 8 cm. Masamba a pinki amawonekera koyamba. Akakhwima, amapeza utoto wofiira.
Gawo ili la spruce limawonedwa ngati lozizira komanso losalolera mthunzi.
Aurea
Spruce zamtunduwu zimatha kukula mpaka 10 m kutalika. Kukongola kwake kwapadera kumawonekera ndi masingano oyera oyera achikasu. Chifukwa cha ichi, amatchedwa golide.
Mtengowo ukakula pamalo otseguka, ukhoza kukhudzidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Mithunzi - singano zagolide zimataya mthunzi wawo wapadera. Kwa chaka kumakula mpaka 12 cm.
Zingokhala pang'ono
Kukongola kotsika kwamtambo kumakula mpaka mamita 2 okha. Danga la korona limafika masentimita 80. Mtengowo umakhala ndi makungwa osalala. Ndi zaka, thunthu limakhala lonyowa komanso laukali.
Masingano amtundu wa tetrahedral, amakumbutsa singano zazitali. Pa mmera wachichepere ndiwobiriwira wopepuka, pamunthu wamkulu - pamdima wakuda. Nthawi zambiri amakula pang'onopang'ono.
Zowawa spruce Kodi Zwerg amakonda malo okhala ndi mthunzi, kotero posankha malo okhalamo, izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Kupanda kutero, mtengowo ungavutike ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa.
Nidiformis
Zokongoletsera zapadera zamtunduwu zimafanana ndi chisa chachikulu. Crohn ndi yozungulira. Nthawi zina imakhala yosalala, koma imawoneka yoyera komanso yosalala. Diamita - 2,5 metres.
Chimakula chonse mpaka 1,2 m kutalika. Kukula kwapachaka ndi masentimita 5. Singano ndiwobiliwira wowoneka bwino, wamfupi komanso wowuma.
Nidiformis imalekerera mthunzi bwino. Sakonda madzi osayenda. Ogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa dimba.
Timasankha mitengo yamkutu ku nazale m'munda mwathu - kanema
Prickly spruce
Pruly spruce ndiofalikira m'chilengedwe. Imapezeka m'zigwa zokongola za mitsinje kapena mapiri a Canada ndi United States. Mtengowo ndi wa banja la Pine. Imakula mpaka mamita 30, pomwe thunthuyo limatha kukhala mainchesi 1.5 mita. Kukongola kwakukulu!
Singano spruce prickly ndimitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mitundu imasiyanasiyana pamtundu wamtambo wobiriwira ndi mtundu wa buluu. Ma cones amayamba kukhala ofiira amtundu, ndipo akacha - bulauni. Kutalika - kuchokera 5 mpaka 10 cm.
Thonje losakanizika limawoneka ngati mtengo wakale. Kutalika kwa moyo wake kumafika zaka 600. Chifukwa cha kukongola kwake kwachilendo, kwakhala chizindikiro cha America ku Colorado.
Dzinalo "Spruce Spruce" limangogwiritsa ntchito mitengo yolima kuthengo. Zosankha zamitundu mitundu zimatchedwa - Glauka.
Kukongola kosalekeza kotere kumakonda kuwala kwambiri, ngakhale akumva bwino mu mthunzi. Zosankha zachikhalidwe zimazika mizu m'mapaki amtawuni komanso m'nyumba zanyengo yachilimwe. Mu chithunzichi - prickly spruce Glauka akuwonetsedwa muulemerero ndi ukulu wake wonse.
Pali mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera yomwe imatulutsa kukongola kwamtengo. Iliyonse ya izo ili ndi mawonekedwe ake, omwe ndikufuna kuti ndiyang'anire.
Mitengo yobiriwira nthawi zonse yokhala ndi singano yabuluu kapena yotuwa imakhala yabwino kwambiri. Amasiyana mu korona wamakhola, pomwe ma cones amabalalika. Mwachilengedwe amakhala zaka zoposa 600. Zomwe zimamera pazomera zanu zimakhala zaka 100.
Mpaka pano, obereketsa abereka mitundu yoposa 70 ya msuzi wabuluu. Spruce Glauka yemwe ali pachithunzipa ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo za luso laumunthu.
Mitundu yokongoletsera imaphatikizapo osati mtundu wamtundu wa buluu wokha, komanso zitsanzo zapamwamba. Zina mwazo zimafanana ndi zitsamba zobiriwira nthawi zonse, zomwe zili ndi korona wowuma. Amakula mpaka mita 1.5 kutalika.
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yokongoletsera ya spruce imakhala yolimbana ndi chisanu komanso imatha kutentha kutentha kwa-35 ° C. Taganizirani mitundu ina yotchuka.
Blue Spruce Spruce
Nthawi zambiri, mtundu uwu wa spruce umagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa nyumba zamalimwe ndi njira zaminda. Popeza mtengowo sukulira kuposa mamita awiri, nthambi zake sizimapachika. Amakula pang'onopang'ono - 3 kapena 5 cm pachaka.
Spruce saopa malo okhala ndi mthunzi, chifukwa chake pamafunikanso chisamaliro chapadera. Ndikokwanira kuyang'anira mbewuyo nthawi zonse, ndipo ngati pakufunika kutero, muthane ndi mankhwala okhala ndi majeremusi. Utoto wabuluu wamtundu wabuluu umafalitsa makamaka mothandizidwa ndi odulidwa. Chifukwa cha izi, sizovuta kuvuta kunyumba.
Blue Ukalamba Oldenburg
Mayina osiyanasiyana amatanthauza kuti mtengowo unabadwa ku Germany. Imakula mpaka 15 m, kutalika ndi kukula kwa 35 cm. Spruce ili ndi korona wamitundu yotalikirana, yomwe mainchesi ake amatha kufikira 7 metres.
Masingano ndi amtambo, koma ovuta kukhudza. Amakonda dothi labwino komanso malo ambiri. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtengo wokongoletsera m'mapaki kapena m'malo azotentha.
Blue Spruce Glauka
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kukongola kwamtunduwu kumabweranso mitundu iwiri:
- chapamwamba
- patali.
Mtundu wakale wamtengowu umakula mpaka 25 metres. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chodzala cha coniferous kumidzi. Kuphatikiza apo, tingachipeze powerenga buluu wokha wamtunduwu umatsindika bwino kapangidwe ka nyumba zambiri zamaofesi. Mtundu wocheperako wa buluu wamtambo sufika osaposa 2 m kutalika. Kukula - 10 cm pachaka.
Pofalitsa mtundu uwu wa spruce, mbande zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimamera pambewu zimasankhidwa. Nthawi zambiri mtengo umadulidwa ndikudula. Kubzala moyenera komanso kusamalira spruce ya Glauka kumathandiza kupeza mtengo wokongola.
Ndikwabwino kubzala spruce ngati kasupe panthaka yonyowa yonyowa. Chifukwa chake adzatha kulimbitsa ndi kukonzekera dzinja. Nyengo yachisanu, mtengowo umadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wapadera.
Malo omwe ali ndi mthunzi wokwanira sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala spruce yobiriwira. Nthaka yonyowa kwambiri imatha kuvunda thunthu.
Kuuma fumbi pafupipafupi ndi mizu ya mtengowo kumalimbikitsa kukula msanga. Chachikulu ndikuchita izi mosamala kuti musawononge mizu.
Ngati cheza chofiira chikuwonekera pamalowo, zikutanthauza kuti mtengo udakhudzidwa ndi bowa. Mankhwala apadera amathandiza kuteteza spruce ku matenda.
M'masiku otentha otentha, 12 l madzi pamlungu ndi okwanira mbande zazing'ono. Komabe, siziyenera kuzizira kwambiri.
Monga mukuwonera, kubzala ndikusamalira mtundu wocheperako wa spruce ndikosavuta.
Olima minda ambiri amakopeka ndi kamtunda kakang'ono ka Glauka Globosa. Poyamba, mtengowo umakhala ndi korona wozungulira, womwe amaphindika pang'onopang'ono. Pambuyo pazaka 15, kuwombera kwakukulu kumawonekera, kumakupatsanso mawonekedwe atatu. Mu chithunzichi, Glauka Globosa spruce amafanana ndi mpira woyambira wabuluu, womwe umatha kukongoletsa tsamba lililonse.
Mosiyana ndi mitengo yowola, maluwa okongola nthawi zonse sasiyapo. Iwo chaka chonse amapereka zochokera pamawonekedwe ake. Bwanji osabzala spruce yamtambo kuti musangalale zenizeni zachilengedwe? Ambiri aganiza za kukongola uku.
