Trillium - Chomera chabwino kwambiri chamundawu. Komabe, wina ayenera kudziwa kuti samalekerera kusungulumwa, ndibwino kuwabzala m'magulu. Ndipo kumbukirani kuti nsonga zokongoletsera zokongoletsa zitatu sizimafikira mwachangu, koma kwa zaka zambiri, ma rhizomes akamakula. Koma kuziika sikutanthauza kwa zaka zambiri.
Zomera zimakongoletsedwa nyengo yonseyo, makamaka chifukwa cha masamba awo osazolowereka, omwe amakongoletsedwa mwa mitundu ina ndi miyala yamalale akuda. Koma, zowonadi, nsonga zokongoletsera zimachitika panthawi yamaluwa. M'madera a Chigawo cha Moscow, izi ndi theka lachiwiri la Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yambiri imakongoletsanso kumapeto kwa chilimwe, mu Ogasiti, pomwe zipatso zofiira zakuda zimacha.
Tsopano tiwone zomwe ndizilinganizo zitatu zomwe zidayesa kuyesa kwa nyengo yaku Russia.
Choyamba, awa ndi mitundu yathu yaku Far East.
Kamchatka Trillium (Trillium camschatcense).
Chimodzi mwazida zitatu zomwe zikukula mdziko lathu, ndipo nthawi imodzi chimodzi chazakongoletsa kwambiri. Amakula ku Sakhalin, zilumba za Kuril, ku Primorsky ndi Khabarovsk Territories, kumwera kwa Kamchatka, komanso kunja kwa Russia - ku Japan (Hokkaido), Northeast China komanso Korea Peninsula. Zimapezeka makamaka m'nkhalango, zigwa komanso m'malo otsetsereka a m'mapiri, m'malo otentha bwino, m'nkhalango za birch, m'nkhalango zowirira ndi udzu wawutali, m'nkhokwe.
Kamchatka Trillium, kapena Trillium rhomboid (Trillium camschatcense)Chomerachi chimachokera kutalika kwa 15 mpaka 40 cm (nthawi zina mpaka 60 cm, ngakhale sichinakule pamwamba pa 40 cm m'munda mwanga). Mpweya wakewo ndi wandiweyani, wamfupi (3-4 cm), oblique. Chipalalacho ndichopanda, cha kutalika kwa 9 cm.Matumbawo ndi oyera, 4 cm kutalika ndi 2.5 cm mulifupi, kuzunguliridwa kumapeto. Izi zimapanga maluwa atatu koyambirira kwa Meyi kwa milungu iwiri. Mbewu zipsa mu Ogasiti. Mbewuyo imadzala yokha, mbande zimakula pang'onopang'ono zisanachitike zaka zisanu.
Ku Kamchatka, anthu amderali amatcha "trikoum" tomarki "wambiri ndipo amadya zipatso. Achijapani sawona zipatso zomwe zimangokhala zokhazokha, komanso zamankhwala, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito decoction zouma pamthunzi wa ma rhizomes matenda am'matumbo komanso njira yolimbikitsira chimbudzi.
M'munda mwanga, zipatsozi zakhala zikukula kwa nthawi yayitali, zimasilira komanso zimamasula chaka chilichonse.
Trillium Ochepa (Trillium smalii).
Wotchulidwa kwambiri polemekeza botanist John Wamng'ono. Mitundu iyi:
Russia (Sakhalin, Kuril Islands - Kunashir, Iturup, Urup), Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu). Imapezeka m'mapiri, makamaka m'nkhalango zamiyala yokhala ndi udzu kapena nsungwi zazitali. Zosowa kwambiri kuposa Kamchatka trillium. Ndipo limamasula pambuyo pake. Mbewu zipsa mkatikati mwa Ogasiti. Zipatso zimatheka.
Zomera zokhala ndi kutalika kwa 15-25 masentimita, - mochuluka kwambiri kuposa miliri ya Kamchatka. Duwa limakhala lofiirira, mwatsoka, laling'ono komanso laling'ono, lomwe limachepetsa kwambiri kukongoletsa konse kwa mtengowo. Chipatso chake chimakhala chosakanizika, popanda nthiti, chikacha - chofiira.
M'minda, prillium iyi ndiyosowa (chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake), koma ndiyokhazikika muchikhalidwe. Modzipereka amakula pang'ono pang'ono.
Trillium Chonoski (Trillium tschonoskii).
Anatchulidwa pambuyo pa katswiri wazomera waku Japan wotchedwa Chonosuke Sugawa (1841-1925). Amapezeka kuchokera ku Himalayas kupita ku Korea, kuphatikiza Taiwan ndi zilumba za Japan za Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Amamera m'nkhalango zowola kapena zosakanizika, akukonda mossy. Mitundu ingapo yofananira imadziwika.
Tsinde la chipilalachi ndi lalitali mpaka masentimita 40. Mitengoyo ndi yoyera, mpaka masentimita atatu kutalika ndi kutalika kwa 2 cm.
Trillium chonoski (Trillium tschonoskii)Trillium chonoski amaphatikizana mosavuta ndi Kamchatka.
M'munda mwanga, umakula bwino kwa zaka zambiri, koma umaphuka bwino.
Monga tanena kale, malo enieni achitatu ndi America. Kubzala zinthu zambiri zomwe zikukula pamenepo zitha kugulidwa kwa ife. Dziwani bwino "anthu aku America."
Trillium drooping (Trillium cernuum).
Kumpoto kwakukulu kwambiri kopambana zonse za North America. Amamera m'dera la Great Lakes ku United States ndi Newfoundland, Canada. Kummwera kwa mtunduwu kumakonda kupezeka m'madambo komanso m'mitsinje, kumpoto kumatha kumera mitengo yamitengo yosakanizika komanso yosakanikirana, nthawi zambiri imamera ndi mtengo waku Canada.
Trillium drooping (Trillium cernuum)Zomera zokhala ndi kutalika kwa 20-60 cm.Maluwa awo akuuluka, nthawi zambiri amabisala pansi pamasamba, zomwe zimapangitsa izi kukhala zodabwitsa kwambiri kuyambira pakukongoletsa. Ziphuphu ndizoyera kapena zapinki, zokhala ndi m'mphepete mwa wavy. Mabulosiwa ndi ovoid, kutalika kwa 1.5-2 cm, ofiira ofiira, obiriwira. Tili ndi maluwa ochulukirapo pambuyo pake kuposa mitundu ina, kumapeto kwa Meyi, ndipo limamasula mpaka pakati pa Juni. Kukula pang'onopang'ono ndikuwoneka bwino m'minda yaziphuphu ya Moscow ndi St.
Trillium chilili (Trillium erectum).
Anthu aku America iwo amadzitcha kuti trillium ofiira kapena ofiirira, komanso ... onunkhira a Benjamin komanso onunkhira Willy. Ndipo akuwonjezera kuti: "imunkha ngati galu wanyowa." Komabe, mtengowo pawokha ndi wokongola kwambiri koma osati wonunkha ngati simukutulutsa mphuno.
Trillium khazikika ku Canada ndi United States kumpoto chakum'mawa. Kummwera kwa USA mu zigwa, mitundu yake yoyera, Trillium erectum var. Albums.
Izi zodabwitsa zimapezeka m'nkhalango zowuma zam'mapiri komanso pamodzi ndi rhododendrons. Kumpoto kwa gawo, nthawi zambiri m'matungu a Canadian yew. Ku Michigan, sizachilendo kumadera otsetsereka omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, makamaka ku tuyevniki. Kupitilira kumwera imakwera ndikulowa kumapiri (izi makamaka zimafotokoza mawonekedwe ofiira akuda), ndikusankha dothi lonyowa komanso lonyowa. Zomera zokhala ndi maluwa oyera (Trillium erectum var. Album) nthawi yomweyo zimamera makamaka pamtunda wamchere pang'ono komanso wolemera.
Trillium erect (Trillium erectum)Izi zitatu zimakonda nthaka yonyowa, pang'ono acid komanso humus. Zomera 20-60 masentimita.Matumbo ndi akuthwa, a bulauni, ofiira, obiriwira kapena oyera. Mabulosiwa ndi ovoid, asanu ndi amodzi, kutalika kwa 1.6-2.4 cm, wofiirira kapena pafupifupi wakuda, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe oyera - opepuka.
Zomera zimayambira kwambiri koyambirira - koyambirira kwa Meyi.
Element atatuwa adayambitsidwa muchikhalidwe, komanso kuphatikiza mitundu iwiri ya mitundu - var. elueum ndi var. Albums - pali ambiri omwe amasinthika ndi mtundu wa pinki kapena wotumbululuka. Komabe, izi zitha kukhala ma hybrids, kuphatikizapo zachilengedwe, ndi T. cernuum, T. flexipes, ndi T. rugelii. Mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu imamera m'munda mwanga, ndipo onse awonetsa kuti ndi okhazikika komanso azikhalidwe zokongola. Amaphukira bwino kwambiri ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala nyemba.
Mapilogalamu atatu (Kusinthasintha kwa tririum).
Mtundu umodzi wamitundu "yosokoneza" kwambiri yazithunzi, kuyambira pakuwona msonkho, imafanana ndi T. cernuum, ndi T. rugelii, ndi mitundu ina ya e eumum var. Albums.
Chimakula chokha ku United States, kumwera kwa Great Lakes. Amakongoletsa nkhalango zamapiri, dothi losasangalatsa.
Trillium Ophatikizidwa (Trillium flexipes)Mtengowo ndiwotalika masentimita 20 mpaka 50. Ziphuphuzo ndi za ovate-lanceolate, kutalika kwa 2-5 masentimita, masentimita 1-4. Zipatsozo ndi zazikulupo, zabuluu, zofiirira kapena zofiira, ngati zawonongeka, zimanunkhira ngati zipatso, zipsa kumayambiriro kwa yophukira.
Kukula kwakukulu (Trillium grandiflorum).
Mwina wotchuka komanso wokondedwa kwambiri. Idalowetsedwa kale mchikhalidwe, chosavuta kukula, mitundu yake yambiri yochititsa chidwi imadziwika. Anthu aku America amazitcha zoyera, kapena ngakhale zitatu zitatu zazikuluzikulu. Duwa lake limakhala chizindikiro cha chigawo cha Canada cha Ontario.
Kugawidwa ku United States, kumwera kwa Great Lakes, kumpoto kumabwera m'chigawo cha Canada cha Quebec ndi Ontario. Amamera m'malo okhala ndi madzi okwanira pang'ono kapena osalongosoka m'nthambi zowuma kapena zosakanikirana, osankha mapulo a shuga ndi nkhalango za beech kumpoto kwa mtunduwo.
Trillium grandiflora (Trillium grandiflorum)Kutalika kwa 15-30 masentimita (nthawi zina mpaka 50), ndi lalikulu kwambiri, mainchesi mpaka 10 cm, omwe amakhala pamwamba pamasamba otuwa-oyera, omwe kumapeto kwa maluwa amatenga mawonekedwe apinki osapsa. Mphepete mwa miyala ya pamakhala pang'onopang'ono, owuma, ulusi ndi wachikaso. Kukula kwa duwa komanso kutalika kwa chomera kutengera kukula kwa msika - mbewu zazing'ono (zaka 1-2 zamaluwa) ndizotsika kwambiri poyerekezera ndi maluwa akuluakulu, amakhala ndi duwa laling'ono, ndipo pokhapokha zaka 3-4 zamaluwa zimangomera zipatso zake zokha. Miyeso imadaliranso pa nthawiyo. M'matawuni amtunduwu, maluwa amatuluka mkatikati mwa Meyi, patatha chilinganizo, ndipo amatulutsa pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Mbewu zipsa kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Zomera m'tawuni yake ndizolephera.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya chithunzithunzi ichi:
- gogo - mawonekedwe, maluwa amatuluka oyera, atembenukira pinki kumapeto kwa maluwa;
- roseum - maluwa amatulutsa maluwa nthawi yomweyo pinki; utoto wa pinki umatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi kusintha kwamtundu komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu yofananira, chifukwa mbewu zotere nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi masamba ofiira; kudalira kwamtundu pa mtundu wa dothi, zophatikiza zake, pH, komanso kutentha kwa nthaka komanso mpweya zimasonyezedwanso;
- polima - Terry mutant, wamba mu mitundu iyi; Nthawi zina zimatha kukhala zosiyana ndipo zimadziwika ndi mayina awo, koma sizovomerezeka nthawi zambiri.
Trillium grandiflora (Trillium grandiflorum)Mitundu ina imatha kukhala chifukwa cha matenda a virus.
M'munda mwanga, zipatsozi zidawoneka zaka 20 zapitazo. Zaka zonse zidaphukira bwino kwambiri. Mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa ndiwopatsa chidwi.
Trillium Kuroboyashi (Trillium kurabayashii).
Imodzi mwa magawo atatu osangalatsa kwambiri, yotchulidwa ndi wasayansi wina waku Japan bi M. Kuroboyashi, yemwe adagwira ntchito zambiri ndi zitatu. Ku America, imamera m'nkhalango zonyowa zam'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Amakonzekeretsa nthaka yopanda chonde.
Trillium Kuroboyashi (Trillium kurabayashii)Chepetsa mpaka 50 cm. Masamba okhala ndi mawanga amdima. Ziphuphu mpaka 10 cm kutalika, mpaka 3 cm mulifupi, owala, amdima ofiira. Fungo lokoma la maluwa akutulutsa maluwa amasintha kukhala osasangalatsa pamene limaphuka.
Kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira iyi munjira yapakatikati kumatha kukhala kosakwanira, motero, ndikomveka kuphimba nthawi yachisanu.
Trillium chikasu (Trillium luteum).
Amamera m'nkhalango zowirira komanso m'mapiri. Amakongoletsa nkhalango zakale zokhala ndi dothi lolemera pamtunda woletsa. Mwachilengedwe (ku Tennessee), imadzaza osati nkhalango zokha, komanso ngalande zamsewu.
Pakusamalira munda, iyi ndi imodzi mwazipembedzo zodziwika bwino kwambiri. Ku America, nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera kuminda mpaka m'nkhalango zowazungulira. Ndipo chikuwoneka patali kuposa chilengedwe.
Trillium chikasu (Trillium luteum)Zomera mpaka 30 cm. tsinde pamunsi ndi lofiirira. Masamba ndi malo. Duwa limakhala losalala, lalitali masentimita 6-8, wowala kapena wachikasu mandimu, wonunkhira bwino. M'minda, duwa limakhala lobiriwira. Ndimawonanso zoterezi, ngakhale zithunzizo duwa limakhala la chikasu.
M'munda mwanga, ma trillium achikasu amakula popanda mavuto. Limamasula kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, nthawi zonse, koma silinamangirire zipatso.
Trillium wowongoka (Trillium recurvatum).
Amadziwikanso kuti mwayi wopambana. Amamera m'dera lalikulu la Mississippi River Basin, ndipo ndizofala makamaka pakuphatikizidwa kwa Missouri ndi Ohio Rivers.
Imakonda dothi lolemera la mitsinje, nthawi zina m'malo okhala madzi osefukira. Nthawi zambiri amakula ndi camassia ndi trillium wokhala-maluwa.
Trillium bent (Trillium recurvatum)Kufikira kutalika kwa 40-50 cm.Matumbo ndi ofukula, mpaka 4 kutalika mpaka 2 cm mulifupi, violet wakuda. Mitundu ingapo imadziwika, makamaka:
- luteum ndi pafupi chikasu pamakhala;
- shayi, momwe pamakhala miyala yachikasu yopepuka kapena yachikasu.
Mundawu ndi wofewetsa. Limamasamba pafupipafupi m'ma Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni. Tsoka ilo, limasowa kukongola kupita ku zinzeru zina.
Utatu wokhala pansi, kapena kungokhala (Tressum sessile).
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti trillium ina nthawi zambiri imagulitsidwa pansi pa dzina ili. Utatu wodziwika bwino umakhazikika kum'mawa kwa United States. Amakonza dothi louma lopanda madzi osefukira madzi osefukira. Koma imamera m'mapiri. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi zina zitatu, komanso chiwindi ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Anthu aku America amatcha kuti triceum sessile kapena chala.
Tressum sessileflower kapena sessile (Trillium sessile)© Kaldari
Ichi ndi chomera chaching'ono mpaka 25 cm.Masamba ake ndi kutalika kwa 10 cm ndipo mpaka 8 cm mulifupi, kubiriwira kapena kubiriwira. Nthawi zina ndimakhala ndi siliva sheen ndipo si kawirikawiri - ndi mawanga amkuwa omwe amaphulika mwachangu pomwe iwo akutulutsa. Ziphuphu mpaka 3 cm kutalika ndi 2 cm mulifupi, zotchulidwa kumapeto, zofiirira-zofiirira kapena zachikaso zobiriwira, zimayamba kuwonongeka pakapita nthawi, ndimanunkhira amphamvu ofukiza. Mitundu ya maluwa a viridiflorum ndi yobiriwira wachikasu.
Wokongola woyambirira wakale.
Ngakhale chipiriro chidalankhulidwa ndi nyamazo, m'mundamo ndimangokhalira kuwuka osati chaka chilichonse. Ndipo maluwa, m'malingaliro mwanga, ndi chinthu chodetsa nkhawa.
Tririum chowulungika (Trillium sulcatum).
Izi zodabwitsa zidapangidwa zaka kotala zapitazo. Izi zisanachitike, zidatengedwa ngati mtundu kapena wosakanizidwa kuchokera ku T. erectum.
Zimapezeka m'dera laling'ono kuyambira West Virginia kupita kummawa kwa Kentucky kunkhalango, nthawi zambiri pamodzi ndi T. cuneatum, T. flexipes, ndi T. grandiflorum, ndipo zimakonda dothi losalolera kapena pang'ono acidic, lonyowa kumpoto kapena kum'mawa. Nthawi zambiri zimatha kuwoneka munkhalango ndikuphatikizidwa ndi Canada Tsugi.
Tririum chowulungika (Trillium sulcatum)Mtengowo ndi wamphamvu, mpaka 70 cm kutalika, ndi duwa lalikulu la mtundu wa maroon ofiira. Dzinalo trillium limaperekedwa mwa mawonekedwe amphepete mwa petal. Tizilomboti tokha ndiotalika mpaka 5 cm komanso 3 cm mulifupi. Bokosi la mbewu ndi lozungulira-piramidi, ndi lofiira. Maluwa ali ndi fungo labwino.
Pali mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa oyera ndi achikasu.
M'matawuni apansi, gululi limakhazikika ndipo limamasula pafupipafupi, m'malo mochedwa.
Zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Konstantin Alexandrov, wokhazikitsa mbewu zosowa.
