Ambiri mwa akatswiri olimitsa maluwa amasankha mwachangu maluwa oti azibzala pamalopo. Maluwa ndi chimodzi mwazomera zotchuka zomwe zimakopa chidwi ndi mawonekedwe awo osakhwima komanso okongola. Kuphatikiza apo, kulima kwawo sikubweretsa mavuto okhala m'malimwe nthawi yayitali, chifukwa kwa zaka zambiri zomwe mbewuyi imalimidwa m'dziko lathu, ambiri adatha kuonetsetsa kuti mbewu zake sizabzala.
Kuyembekezera kakombo wokongola maluwa mchaka, mafunso ambiri adzafunika kuyankhidwa. Ndipo, choyambirira, ndikofunikira kupatsa mbewu iyi chisamaliro choyenera.
Kakombo: Makhalidwe amtunduwu
Lily ndi m'modzi mwa oimira banja achi Liliaceae, omwe amadzala ngati chomera chatha. Mukukonzekera iye phesi lowongoka limapangidwachokongoletsedwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono okongola. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyanitsidwa ndi kakombo inflorescence, omwe amatha kuwotchera, opanga mawonekedwe olimbitsa thupi, owoneka ngati nyenyezi kapena belu. Chizindikiro pa mbewuyi ndi kupezeka kwa matulu 6 apamtunda komanso chiwerengero chofananira.
Ngati titembenukira ku dzina la mbewu, ndiye kuti imatha kumasuliridwa kuti "yoyera kwathunthu." Komabe, olima odziwa zamaluwa amadziwa kuti kakombo masiku ano amatha kukhala ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana: chikasu, lalanje, ofiira, lilac, lilac, pinki. Zapadera okhala chilimwe amawonetsa chidwi ndi mitundu yophatikizika. Zomera zoterezi, muzu umodzi ndi nthambi zambiri umapangidwa mobisa. Kuphatikiza apo, chomaliza chimapatsa mbewuzo ndi michere yoyenera ndipo nthawi yomweyo imagwira ntchito yolera.
Kusankha malo obzala maluwa kumapeto kwa nthaka
Musanapitirizebe kubzala maluwa pachilichonse, muyenera kusankha malo omwe mudzakulire. Maluwa amawoneka bwino m'malo otetezeka ndi mphepo.
Mukatha kuthetsa nkhaniyi, amayamba kukonza dzikolo: chifukwa, malowa amafunika kuti akumbulidwe ndipo zotsalira za mizu ya mbewu zina zichotsedwa. Monga imodzi mwazosankha, maluwa obzala amatha kuchitika pabedi la maluwa, pomwe pali mbewu zina zamaluwa kale. Sichoncho sizingasinthe kukula ndi maluwa a maluwa. Koma apa muyenera kulabadira "oyandikana nawo", mdera lomwe kakomboyu amakula. Sayenera kukhala wamkulu kwambiri, apo ayi, ngati kakombo amalandila mthunzi kuchokera kwa iwo. Poganizira izi, sikulimbikitsidwa kusankha kubzala mbewuyi ndi malo pansi pa mitengo ndi zitsamba.
Kodi kubzala maluwa?
Wosamalira novice aliyense amadziwa kuti mbewu zobzalidwa masika. Malamulowa amathanso kutsatiridwa posankha nthawi yodzala maluwa. Ngakhale zibzalidwe pakati pa nthawi yophukira, zonse zimatengera zomwe wokonda amakonda.
Ngati simukufulumira, ndibwino kukonzekera kubzala kwamaluwa. Nyengo ndi yotentha nthawi iyi ya chaka ndipo m'nthaka muli chinyezi chokwanira zabwino zonse zimaperekedwa chifukwa chomera yozika mizu. Pazinthu ngati izi, mwayi wopulumuka pachikhalidwe ichi ukuwonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, kum'mwera kwa dziko lathu, maluwa amenewa amabzalidwa bwino mu Okutobala.
Koma kumbukirani kuti mitundu yambiri idapangidwira kubzala kwamasika. Chifukwa chake, musanapange chisankho chomaliza, dziwani bwino za mitundu yomwe mwasankha.
Kukonzekera kwamaluwa
Kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera kwa maluwa kuyenera kuchitika molingana ndi malamulowo, koma mwanjira zambiri zotsiriza zimatengera pomwe adasankha kubzala masamba a kakombo.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti mubzale maluwa kumadera ouma. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kusankha malo omwe pali dothi lomwe limadutsa chinyontho bwino. Mwa mitundu ya maluwa osiyanasiyana alipo Khalani omasuka panthaka yachondeyodziwika ndi mkulu chinyezi kupenyerera. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, obereketsa adatha kupezanso mitundu yatsopano yomwe imatha kumera bwino m'malo ouma komanso otentha. Komabe, sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti muziyesayesa kukula maluwa amenewa panthaka zolemera komanso m'misanje yamchere.
Mosasamala mtundu wamtundu womwe mwasankha kudzala mabulombo a kakombo, kumbukirani kuti muyenera kuthira feteleza mulimonse.
- Pazifukwa izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa peat, humus kapena makina ochulukitsa pamtengo umodzi chidebe 1 km. m.;
- ngati mwasankha malo omwe mchenga umayera, kenako kuti mukulitse chonde, mutha kupanga feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu pamlingo wa magalamu 100 pa 1 sq. m
Mukabzala, ndikofunika kulabadira mulingo wa acidity ya nthaka: ndiyabwino kwambiri ngati ili ndi alkaline kapena asidi pang'ono. Maluwa amenewa samveka bwino m'malo okhala acidic. Kuti muchepetse kubwezeretsaku, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera phulusa, chokole kapena choko m'nthaka pamlingo wa magalamu 200 mpaka 300 pa 1 sq. Km. m
Kubzala kunja kwa kakombo
Nthawi yakubzala kwa maluwa a masika, ndikofunikira kusankha nthawi yabwino kwambiri. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukonzekera chochitika ichi pomwe funde lomaliza la chisanu litatha, koma nyengo ndiyotentha ndipo palibe chilala. Ganizirani zomwe zikuchitika kudera lanu, popeza mu chilichonse ndibwino kubzala masamba a kakombo m'nthaka panthawi yake.
Kukonzekera koyamba
Kukonzekera kwa mababu a kakombo kumafuna ntchito zotsatirazi:
Choyamba, ndikofunikira kusanja mababu, kutaya chodzala ndi zinthu zowonongeka;- mutatha kusiyira zitsanzo zabwino, muyenera kuchotsa zipatso zamaluwa kwa iwo;
- ndiye kuti mababu azitsukidwa mu njira ya potaziyamu permanganate kapena foundationazole.
Choyamba, ndikofunikira kusanja mababu, kutaya chodzala ndi zinthu zowonongeka;Ndikofunikanso chimodzimodzi kudziwa bwino kuya kwa kubzala kwa anyezi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuganizira mtundu wa dothi lomwe mudzabzale:
- mutabzala mu dothi lolemera, mababu ang'onoang'ono amaikidwa m'manda ndi 5-6 cm, ndipo akulu - 13-16 cm;
- Ngati kubzala kumachitika mu nthaka yolimba, ndiye kuti kuya kwa kumizidwa pansi pa mababu kuyenera kukhala 2-4cm kuposa kale.
Pamapeto pa ntchito zonse zodzala maluwa, umuna umachitika pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe komanso michere. M'nthawi yophukira kubzala kwa mababu kwa inu onetsetsani kuti mwapereka chitetezo pogona pa maluwa kuchokera masamba owuma, ndikuthira dothi pamwamba. Chifukwa chake mumathandizira kuti maluwa azitha kupulumuka bwino nthawi yozizira popanda kuwonongeka.
Mfundo zofunika kuzisamalira
Chomwe chimapangitsa kudziwa kuti kukula kwamaluwa poyera kumatengera kukonzanso dothi lonyowa. Chifukwa chake, pakusamalira, posankha nthawi yothirira, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana momwe dothi lilili. Mukakhala chilala, kuthirira kumayenera kuchitika pafupipafupi, ndipo nthawi yamvula nthawi zambiri siziwayika. Kwambiri thirirani kuthirira mbewu "pansi pamizu". Koma njira yothirira pamtunda siyikulimbikitsidwa, chifukwa maluwa anu amatha kuvutika ndi izi. Omwe alimi ambiri nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza kuthirira ndi mavalidwe apamwamba.
M'chaka choyamba cha moyo mutabzala, kakombo kakang'ono kumafunikira chisamaliro chapadera, chifukwa amakhala opanda mphamvu mpaka pano. Kupanga zinthu zabwino zachitukuko, ndikofunikira kudula masamba onse. Monga lamulo, maluwa amafunikira mphamvu zambiri kuchokera pachomera, ndipo ngati mphukira zazing'ono zimataya zonse zofunikira pakudya nyengo yachilimwe, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo ndichakuti satha kupulumuka nyengo yozizira. Komabe ngati kuzizira kwa nthawi yozizira sikuvulaza mphukira, kenako m'zaka zachiwiri ndi zotsatirazi mwina muyembekezere kuti maluwa adzaphuke kwambiri.
M'chaka chachinayi, maluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa. Izi zitha kufotokozedwa ngati chisonyezo kuti chikhalidwecho chimasowa michere. Zomera zomwe zimamera pamalopo zaka zisanu, mutha kuyamba kufalitsa ndikuziyika kumalo atsopano.
Pomaliza
Mwa alimi anyani ndizovuta kupeza omwe sangamve za maluwa. Maluwa onenepa modabwitsa amakopa alimi ambiri ndi maonekedwe awo, chifukwa chake palibe chodabwitsa chifukwa chakuti mbewu izi zimatha kupezeka m'malo. Maluwa nawonso amakula chifukwa cha kuzindikira kwambiri maluwa amenewa. Ndipo izi, ngakhale palibe maluso apadera ofunikirakupeza maluwa okongola pazomera izi.
Zomwe zimafunikira kuti wolima m'munda azidziwitsa ukadaulo waulimi wa kukula mbewu zokongoletsera izi ndikutsatira malamulo onse ndendende. Ndikofunikira kuti nyakulima aliyense adziwenthawi yobzala maluwa pansi, chifukwa zimatengera nthawi yomwe mizu ingatulutse ndi kuyamba kuphuka.
