Mitundu ya Vitamini masika nthawi zonse imakhala yolandilidwa pa tebulo. Osati kale kwambiri pomwe adyo wamtchire adayamba kutchuka kwambiri - udzu wa saladi wofatsa wokhala ndi kukoma ndi kununkhira. Kuti mumalize mavitamini, kusinthanitsa zakudya ndikusintha zamitundu yambiri m'munda, muyenera kudziwa kulima liki.
Kodi adyo wamtchire ndi chiyani
Ichi ndi mbewu yachikale chambiri, gawo limodzi la adyo ndi anyezi. Chomera chokhala ndi masamba oyambira. Maluwa ake amatuluka m'chipale chofewa komanso kuzizira kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Mababu a mbewuyi ndi ochepa, m'mlifupi kuchokera 1 mpaka 2 cm, kutengera mitundu. Kutalika kwa mbewu kumasiyana kuchokera pa 15 mpaka 40 cm.
Adyo wamtchire amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha zitsamba zokoma ndi fungo labwino la adyo. Mu masamba achichepere, mumakhala zochitika zambiri za ascorbic acid, komanso amino acid ndi bioflavonoids. Nditaphunzira za kapangidwe kake ndi zinthu zofunikira za mmera, mitengo yake yakuthengo idayamba kutha posachedwa chifukwa chophatikiza pamodzi ndi mababu. Masiku ano adyo wamtchire adalembedwa mu Red Book la mayiko ambiri.
Nanga adyo wamtchire ndi chiyani ndipo amakula kuti? Anabereka anyezi ndi dzina lachiwiri la adyo wamtchire. Imapezeka ku Europe ku Russia, ku Belarus, Western Europe. Amamera m'nkhalango zowuma komanso zophatikizika, malo otsika, pafupi ndi madambo, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Imakonda chinyezi ndi pang'ono pang'ono, motero, sizimapezeka konse m'nkhalango zachilengedwe. Madyera ang'onoang'ono, mababu amtchire wamtchire ndi mivi yamaluwa yomwe amatola ndi kuwola umadyedwa.
Amadyedwe amawonjezeredwa ku saladi, soseti, mivi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Mukakolola adyo wamtchire mwachilengedwe, amachita izi mapema mu Epulo-Meyi, popeza pofika nthawi ya maluwa masamba amakhala owuma ndikulemera kwambiri ndi fungo lawo.
Momwe adyo wamtchire amafalikira, mitundu
Pansi pazachilengedwe, anyezi wa chimbalangondo amafalitsa mababu ndi mbewu, zomwe zimacha mu Ogasiti. Kwa zaka zingapo, dambo lambiri la adyo wamtchire limachokera ku mababu a 5-6. Kukolola kwamphamvu kwamasamba kumafooketsa mababu, omwe amasintha pambuyo pa zaka 2-3.
Kusunga masamba a mbewuyi, masamba amasankhidwa mosankha, kudula ndi lumo 1-2 pachomera chimodzi. Mababu samakhudza. Mofananamo, amatero pamene akukula amadyera m'nyumba yanyengo yachilimwe.
Kodi kulima adyo wamtchire m'munda? Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito mababu ndi mbewu zonse. Poyambirira, mutha kupeza amadyera mkati mwa chaka chimodzi, chachiwiri - zaka 2-3. Pogula mbewu, samalani ndi nthawi yake. Mbeu zamtchire zamtchire zimasiya kumera pachaka chimodzi. Pali mitundu iwiri ya adyo wamtchire ndi mitundu ingapo. Mitundu:
- Anyezi Wopambana - chomera chachikulu mpaka 70cm kutalika, rhizome yomwe ili ndi mababu angapo. Masamba kwambiri lanceolate, adyo kukoma ndi kununkhira. Maluwa amanunkhira uchi, kukongoletsa;
- Balani anyezi - chomera mpaka 40cm chotalika ndi masamba owonda, ngati duwa la chigwa, inflorescence ndi zonunkhira zoyera, zodekha komanso zonunkhira. Zalembedwa mu Red Book.
Munda wa Ramson kapena wobzalidwa umaimiridwa ndi mitundu itatu: Teddy chimbalangondo, khutu la Bear ndi Bear delicacy. Amasiyana mu masamba kukula ndi zipatso. Choberekera kwambiri ndi khutu la Bear, lomwe limapereka masamba pafupifupi 2,5 kg kuchokera 1 m2. Amakula chifukwa cha malo onse obisika komanso malo obiriwira.
Kubzala babu
Momwe mungaberekerere adyo yamtchire m'nyumba yanyengo mwachangu mosagwiritsa ntchito? Kubzala bulb ndikoyenera izi. Nthawi zina amadyera m'misika kapena m'minda yamagulitsa amagulitsidwa kwathunthu ndi anyezi achichepere. Chomera chotere chimatha kubweretsedwa kunyumba, kudula gawo la greenery ndikubzala mababu mu nthaka yabwino. Kuti muchite izi, m'nyumba yanyengo yachilimwe, sankhani malo pansi pa chisoti cha mtengo waukulu, kukhoma lakumadzulo kwa nyumbayo kapena pa mpanda, pomwe dzuwa silikugwa.
Nthaka yakonzedwa motere:
- sakanizani 1 mbali peat ndi magawo awiri a turf dziko;
- onjezani masamba humus, omwe amatha kusonkhanitsidwa m'nkhalango;
- onjezani phulusa ndi vermiculite ngati dothi ndi lolemera kwambiri.
Asanabzala, malowo amakumbidwa, namsongole amakolola, nadzaza ndi nthaka yokonzedwa. Izi zimachitika bwino kwambiri pakugwa. Momwe mungabzalire anyezi wamtchire panthaka? Mababu amabzalidwa m'mabokosi akuya mpaka masentimita 10. Mtunda pakati pa zinthu zodzala ndi 15-20 masentimita. Kubzala m'minda tsiku lililonse kwa sabata kuti muzike mizu. Kuti tisunge chinyontho, dothi limayatsidwa ndi masamba owongoka. Nthawi yabwino yodzala mababu ndi chiyambi cha Meyi.
Kukhathamiritsa
Kodi mukukula bwanji adyo wamtchire kwa mbewu? Pansi pazachilengedwe, mbewu zimamera kumera pokhapokha nthawi yachisanu. Popanda iyo, mbande zapamwamba komanso zapamwamba sizigwira ntchito. M'mikhalidwe yochita kupanga, stratation imachitika m'firiji kapena pa loggia yowala, pomwe kutentha kwa mpweya sikutsika pansi -3 ° C.
Kulanditsidwa kwa mbeu zamtchire kunyumba - magawo:
- zilowetsani madzi m'madzi ofunda kwa ola limodzi;
- calcine mtsinje mchenga;
- kutsanulira mchenga mumtsuko wosaya;
- fesa mbewu zochokera kumwamba popanda kumera nthaka komanso popanda kunyowa;
- kuphimba ndi chivindikiro kapena polyethylene, ikani pamalo abwino (mufiriji) kwa miyezi itatu.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, chidebe chimachotsedwa mufiriji ndikuyang'ana kuti pasakhale nkhungu ndi bowa. Pambuyo pa miyezi itatu, mbewu zakonzeka kubzala. Inde, kukula adyo wakuthengo kuchokera mababu ndi njira yosavuta, koma zambiri zodzala zimapezeka kuchokera ku mbewu.
Kufesa mbewu
Kukula khutu la chimbalangondo chamtchire kumatanthauza kubzala mababu ang'onoang'ono pokhapokha chaka, ndikupeza zobiriwira patatha zaka zina ziwiri. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, njere zimayikidwa mu tray ndi dothi lonyowa ndikuwazidwa ndi peat pamwamba pa cm 1. Chotengera chija chimayikidwa m'chipinda chofunda, chamdima, chophimbidwa ndi polyethylene pamwamba. Kuwombera kumawonekera pakadutsa masabata atatu. Awa ndi tsitsi loonda lomwe limafunikira kukwatulidwa mkati mwa masabata awiri.
Zimatenga mbewuyo pafupifupi chaka chimodzi kupanga bulb. Nthawi yonseyi miphika yokhala ndi adyo wamtchire imasungidwa kunyumba kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha, nthawi zonse madzi ndikuthiridwa feteleza ndi feteleza wovuta.
Kodi mungabzale bwanji nyama ya kuthengo kutchire? M'mwezi wa Meyi, atachulukitsa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, mphukira zokhwima zimabzalidwa m'miyala, mtunda womwe uli pakati pa masentimita 50-60. Nyengo zamasiku ano ndi zotsatirazi za babuzi zimathiriridwa mokwanira ndikudyetsedwa, kulola kuti msipu wobiriwira komanso mizu ikule. Zomera sizidulidwa.
Ngati pamalopo palibe malo amtundu, ndipo malowo pawokha ndiwokwera, adyo wamtchire amadzalidwa m'malo obiriwira, momwe amakhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu komanso amateteza mbewu ku dzuwa lowala. Pazinthu zotere, amadyera amadzimadzi amapezeka kuchokera ku Marichi mpaka Okutobala. Kubzala ndi kusamalira adyo wamtchire m'malo obzala wowonjezera kutentha sizimasiyana ndi zomwe zimapangidwa pomera mbewu panthaka. Kuthirira kwakukulu, kuchotsa udzu ndi kudya pafupipafupi.
Kusamalira mbewu mdziko muno
Kukula adyo wakuthengo m'dziko muno ndi njira yovuta kwambiri m'zaka ziwiri zokha. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikupanga nyengo kuti mbewu ipange bulb yodzaza ndi mafuta. Ngati chomera kwa zaka zitatu chimapereka chiwongola dzanja chambiri ndikutulutsa muvi wamaluwa - ndiye kuti zonse zimachitidwa moyenera ndipo mutha kukolola zinthu za Vitamini pazaka zonse zamtsogolo.
Ngati dothi ndi lolemera pamalopo, pansi panthaka pamakhala pafupi ndi nthaka, malo osungidwa nthawi zonse amatsegulidwa kuti achulukitse zipatso. Namsongole nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa, makamaka udzu wa tirigu, womwe umawonongera mababu ang'onoang'ono a adyo wamtchire. Kubzala kumathiriridwa nthaka ikamuma. Uta wa Bear sakonda chinyezi chosayenda.
Kumayambiriro kwamasamba, zinthu zachilengedwe zimayambitsidwa m'nthaka. Awa ndi manyowa owola kapena feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Pambuyo pake, mbewuyo imafunikira phosphorous ndi potaziyamu kuti apange peduncle ndikupanga mbewu. Izi zimathandizira kukana chisanu kwa mbewu zamunda, kotero mutha kuzipanga kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Nthawi yosakaniza adyo yakutchire kwa amadyera imatha kuyambira mwezi wa Epulo mpaka Meyi, ndipo yocheperako malo a kukula, juicier ndi tastier amadyera. Dzuwa komanso kutentha kwa masamba amtchire kuzimiririka, masamba ndi oyipa. Mababu azolinga zabwino amakolola mu Ogasiti mutatha kutola mbewu.
Kufesa popanda kuyambitsa
Ngati malo ang'onoang'ono atakhazikitsidwa kale mderalo, minda yokhazikika itha kubwezeretsedwanso ndi mbewu zatsopano popanda kukonzanso. Izi zikutanthauza kubzala zipatso zamtchire nthawi yozizira panja.
Mbewu yobzala imakolola mu Ogasiti ndikusiyidwa pamalo osangalatsa mpaka Okutobala. Mukugwa, amakonzekera chiwembu chofesa, namsongole amatuta, kumasula, humus imayambitsidwa. Chapakatikati pa Okutobala, kutentha kwamphepo kumatsika msanga, nthangala zimabalalika pamalopo zakonzedweratu, zimakungidwa kunthaka ndikuthira dothi, ndikuziwaza pamwamba ndi masamba owuma omwe atengedwa pamalowo.
Pambuyo pakuchulukana kwachilengedwe, mphukira zazing'ono zimawoneka masika. Monga lamulo, mbande sizikhala zochezeka nthawi zonse chifukwa cha nyengo yosakhazikika. Kuphatikizika kwakunyumba kumapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri, chifukwa chake, pakuika m'munda woyamba kapena malo ena, adyo wamtchire amakula pambewu m'njira yodzala.
Momwe mungakulire adyo wamtchire pawindo
Kuti mupeze zokometsera zokometsera zamasamba, adyo wamtchire amakula chaka chonse pawindo. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani zenera lakumpoto, komwe kuwala kowala sikigwa. Mphika umasankhidwa ndi awiri masentimita 40 ndikuzama masentimita 30 mpaka 40, kuti mababuwo apereke mizu yamphamvu ndikupanga tchire lakuthwa.
Malo poto amatengedwa m'nkhalango yowola - yopepuka, yopatsa thanzi, yopumira. Mababu a 10-15 amabzalidwa mumphika umodzi. Ndikwabwino kusamutsa chomera kuchoka m'nkhalango kumayambiriro kwa masika, pomwe amadyera amangoyamba kuthyola dothi ndi matalala, kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, pomwe adyo wamtchire watulutsa maluwa. Koma pakugwa ndizovuta kupeza mababu m'nkhalangomo, muyenera kudziwa malo omwe anyezi wa chimbalangondo amakulira.
Momwe mungakulire adyo wamtchire chaka chonse kunyumba? M'chaka choyamba mutabzala, mbewuyo sasokonezedwa ndi kudulidwa. Mababu ayenera kukhala olimba komanso ozika mizu. Osaloleza kuyanika kuchokera panthaka komanso kuwala kowala. M'nyengo yozizira, poto wamatchire wamtchire amayikidwa m'malo abwino kutali ndi mabatire kuti amadyera asadzime. Itha kuyikidwa patebulo kumbuyo kwa chipindacho.
Kuphatikiza pa kuthirira, kamodzi pamwezi amadyetsa adyo wamtchire ndi ma feteleza ovuta a mchere wa amadyera amchere. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mavalidwe apamwamba amadzimadzi. Chaka chilichonse, mbewuyo imapanga bulb ina yowonjezera, kotero patatha zaka zitatu mumphika umasinthidwa kukhala mulifupi mwake kapena dambo lodzikongoletsera m'miyala iwiri libzalidwe.
Kuchokera mumphika wamtchire adyo amathanso kuwaika m'munda kapena wowonjezera kutentha m'nyengo yophukira mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Ngati mbewu za chomera sizofunikira, ndipo mivi singalowe mu chakudya, matupi awo amadulidwa kuti michere yonse ipite kukayamba kwa masamba ndi mababu atsopano, m'malo mopanga zipatso. Ngati adyo wakuthengo ankakonda chisamaliro ndi mkati mwazinthu zazikulu, zimapatsa banja mavitamini azaka zonse chaka chonse.
Anyezi a Bear ndiopadera pakapangidwe kake komanso katundu wofunika, chifukwa chake amayesa kukolola zamtsogolo m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Uku ndi kuzizira, kukoka, kulanda, kuwira, kuwaza mchere. Ku Europe, zikondwerero zonse zimachitika polemekeza mtengowu, pomwe amathandizira anthu kukula chomera ndikuwachotsera mbale zomwe adazipangira. Apa ndiye - adyo wamtchire wamtengo wapatali!
