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Mundawo

Njira ndi zikhalidwe zokulira mbande

Kudera loopsa lomwe kuli lamba wapakati pa Russia, zokolola zina zokonda kutentha (phwetekere, tsabola, biringanya, ndi zina) zimatha kupezeka pofesa mbewu zokha. Simungachite popanda iwo ndikukula kabichi woyamba, nkhaka, letesi, mochedwa-kucha - udzu winawake, kabichi, masamba ndi mbewu zina. Kukula mbande ndi njira yayitali komanso yosangalatsa kwa nzika iliyonse yotentha. Koma kodi zidzatheka? Kodi mungapewe zolakwa posamalira mmera? Nkhani yathu iyankha mafunso awa.

Mbande

Kukonzekera dothi ndi zotengera mbande

Pofuna kuti tisawononge mizu poika mbande mu dothi, ndibwino kuzikulitsa mu njerwa za peat. MaCuba amakonzedwa kuchokera kumayiko otsika, opindika bwino, komanso peat, ndikuwonjezeranso kuchuluka kolingana ndi ufa wa dolomite ufa (60-80 g) kapena magalasi awiri amafuta phulusa ndi feteleza wamamineramu ngati zosakaniza zamunda (90-100 g, i.e 5-5, 5 matchboxes).

Feteleza, kuwonjezera pa ufa wa dolomite ndi phulusa, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosungunuka pazomwe zimawerengeredwa pa ndowa imodzi (10 l) ya osakaniza. Kukula kwa ma cubes (malo odyetserako), kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu komanso nthawi yayitali yolimitsa afotokozedwa m'ndime iyi "Mbali zokulira mbande za mbewu zosiyanasiyana".

Mutha kusunga mizu ya mbeu ngati mbande zakula m'makalata am'mapapu, m'matumba amkaka odzaza dothi lamunda kapena osakaniza ndi michere yomwe ili ndi mabowo pansi pazotulutsira madzi, kapena m'malo ena apadera a peat omwe agulitsidwa m'masitolo a Hardware. Mutha kudzaza ma tray a mazira ndi zosakaniza ndi michere ndikumera mbande mwa iwo. Potsirizira pake, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa nthawi yokulima ndikuthilira madzi ambiri.

Zambiri za kukula mbande za mbewu zosiyanasiyana

Zomwe mbewu, kakulidwe komanso nthawi yofesa mbande, potengera nthawi yolimidwa musanabzalidwe panthaka, mutha kuyang'ana pansipa.

Squash

  • Mulingo wakufesa (popanda kutola) - 15-20g pa 1m2;
  • Kudyetsa malo - 8 × 8; 10 × 10 cm;
  • Kukula nthawi - 20-25 masiku kuchokera zikamera kuti abzala.

Kabichi yoyera

Oyambirira

  • Kufesa mtengo (ndi Sankhani) - 12-15g pa 1m2;
  • Mulingo wakufesa (popanda kutola) - 3-5g pa 1m2;
  • Kudyetsa malo -6 × 6; 7 × 7 cm;
  • Kukula nthawi - Masiku 45-60 kuchokera pakuphukira mpaka kubzala.

Nyengo yapakati

  • Mulingo wakufesa (popanda kutola) - 1.2-2g pa 1m2;
  • Kudyetsa malo -5 × 5; 6 × 6 cm;
  • Kukula nthawi - Masiku 35-45 kuchokera pakutuluka kukafesa.

Mochedwa kucha

  • Kufesa mtengo (ndi Sankhani) - 12-15g pa 1m2;
  • Mulingo wakufesa (popanda kutola) - 4-5g pa 1m2;
  • Kudyetsa malo -6 × 6 cm;
  • Kukula nthawi - 40- 40 masiku kuchokera zikamera mpaka kubzala.

Kholifulawa

  • Kufesa mtengo (ndi Sankhani) - 12-15g pa 1m2;
  • Mulingo wakufesa (popanda kutola) - 3-5g pa 1m2;
  • Kudyetsa malo -6 × 6, 7 × 7cm;
  • Kukula nthawi - Masiku 45-60 kuchokera pakuphukira mpaka kubzala.

Anyezi ndi leki

  • Mulingo wakufesa (popanda kutola) - 12-15g pa 1m2;
  • Kudyetsa malo 3 × 1 cm;
  • Kukula nthawi - Masiku 60-70 kuchokera pakuphukira mpaka kubzala.

Nkhaka

  • Mulingo wakufesa (popanda kutola) - 4-5g pa 1m2;
  • Kudyetsa malo -5 × 5, 6 × 6 cm;
  • Kukula nthawi - Masiku 15-20 kuchokera kutamera mpaka kubzala.

Patisson

  • Mulingo wakufesa (popanda kutola) - 10-15g pa 1m2;
  • Kudyetsa malo -8 × 8, 10 × 10 cm;
  • Kukula nthawi - 20-25 masiku kuchokera zikamera kuti abzala.

Pepper

  • Kufesa mtengo (ndi Sankhani) - 10-12g pa 1m2;
  • Mulingo wakufesa (popanda kutola) - 4-5g pa 1m2;
  • Kudyetsa malo -5 × 5, 6 × 6 cm;
  • Kukula nthawi - Masiku 55-60 kuchokera kutuluka kukafika kubzala.

Saladi yamutu

  • Kufesa mtengo (ndi Sankhani) - 5-6g pa 1m2;
  • Mulingo wakufesa (popanda kutola) - 2-3g pa 1m2;
  • Kudyetsa malo -3 × 3, 5 × 5 cm;
  • Kukula nthawi - 25-30 masiku kuchokera zikamera kuti abzala.

Selari

  • Kufesa mtengo (ndi Sankhani) - 3-5g pa 1m2;
  • Mulingo wakufesa (popanda kutola) - 1-2g pa 1m2;
  • Kudyetsa malo 3 × 3 cm;
  • Kukula nthawi - Masiku 60-80 kuchokera kutukukira mpaka kubzala.

Phwetekere

  • Kufesa mtengo (ndi Sankhani) - 8-10g pa 1m2;
  • Mulingo wakufesa (popanda kutola) - 1-1.5g pa 1m2;
  • Kudyetsa malo -7 × 7, 8 × 8 cm;
  • Kukula nthawi - Masiku 45-60 kuchokera pakuphukira mpaka kubzala.

Kufesa miyambo (yoperekedwa pamtundu wam'munsi wa zofalitsa "Zinthu Zofesa ndikubzala masamba") adapangira njere zapamwamba. Ngati njere zimakhala ndi kumera wotsika (mbewu yakale, yaying'ono), ndiye kuti kufesa kumayenera kukulitsidwa ndi 10-20% kapena kupitilira.

Kutentha kwa mmera kulima

Pakakulitsa mbande, zomwe tafotokozazi ziyenera kuonedwa komanso kutentha kwa zinthu zomwe zasonyezedwa pansipa.

Ndizachidziwikire kuti kuwonetsetsa maboma kunyumba sikophweka, koma kuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati malangizo ndikofunikira. Mitundu yomwe akufotokozayi imathandizira kuti mbeu zisamawume. Koma sikuti zimathera pamenepo. Ndikofunikira kuti mbewu zisanachitike masiku 10-15 musanabzalidwe kuti mugwire "kuzolowera" malo otseguka. Kuti tichite izi, nyengo yotentha, mbewu zimatengedwa kunja, ndikuwonjezera nthawi ino. Kusamalira bwino mbeu komanso kupewa kuchulukitsa mbande kumathandizanso kuthirira mozama m'masiku otsiriza musanabzale.

Kabichi yoyera, kabichi wofiira, maluwa a Brussels, Savoy

  • Kutentha kwa mpweya kuchokera pa mbewu kupita pa mbande - 20 ° C;
  • M'masiku 4-7 atatuluka: masana - 6-10 ° C, usiku - 6-10 ° C;
  • Pambuyo pake: patsiku ladzuwa - 14-18 ° C, patsiku lamitambo -12-16 ° C, usiku - 6-10 ° C;
  • Mpweya wabwino - wamphamvu.

Cauliflower ndi Kohlrabi

  • Kutentha kwa mpweya kuchokera pa mbewu kupita pa mbande - 20 ° C;
  • M'masiku 4-7 atatuluka: masana - 5-10 ° C, usiku - 6-10 ° C;
  • Pambuyo pake: patsiku ladzuwa - 15-16 ° C, patsiku lamitambo -12-16 ° C, usiku - 8-10 ° C;
  • Mpweya wabwino - wamphamvu.

Phwetekere

  • Kutentha kwa mpweya kuchokera pa mbewu kupita pa mbande - 20-25 ° C;
  • M'masiku 4-7 atatuluka: masana - 12-15 ° C, usiku - 6-10 ° C;
  • Pambuyo pake: patsiku ladzuwa - 20-26 ° C, patsiku lamitambo -17-19 ° C, usiku - 6-10 ° C.

Pepper ndi biringanya

  • Kutentha kwa mpweya kuchokera pa mbewu kupita pa mbande - 20-30 ° C;
  • M'masiku 4-7 atatuluka: masana - 13-16 ° C, usiku - 8-10 ° C;
  • Pambuyo pake: patsiku ladzuwa - 20-27 ° C, patsiku lamitambo -17-20 ° C, usiku - 10-13 ° C;
  • Mpweya wabwino - odziletsa.

Nkhaka

  • Kutentha kwa mpweya kuchokera pa mbewu kupita pa mbande - 25-28 ° C;
  • M'masiku 4-7 atatuluka: masana - 15-17 ° C, usiku - 12-14 ° C;
  • Pambuyo pake: patsiku ladzuwa - 19-20 ° C, patsiku lamitambo -17-19 ° C, usiku - 12-14 ° C;
  • Mpweya wabwino - odziletsa.

Anyezi, leki, letesi

  • Kutentha kwa mpweya kuchokera pa mbewu kupita pa mbande - 18-25 ° C;
  • M'masiku 4-7 atatuluka: masana - 8-10 ° C, usiku - 8-10 ° C;
  • Pambuyo pake: patsiku ladzuwa - 16-18 ° С, pamtambo masana -14-16 ° С, usiku - 12-14 ° С.

Zambiri za kutola mbewu

Olima masamba nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kutola, tanthauzo lake ndikutanthauza kuti ndikusintha mbande limodzi ndi masamba awiri kapena awiri ndikuyika njerwa kapena kungoliyika m'nthaka ndi malo okulirapo azakudya kuposa momwe zimapangidwira. Pakapita mbiya, mbewuzo zimangokhala pamalo pokhapokha mbewuzo zitabzalidwa m'mundamo kapena malo obiriwira. Kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kumathandiza kuti nthaka yotetezedwa ikhale yochulukirapo.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti kwa nthawi yoyamba, malo osachepera 8-10 akukwanira mbande kuposa mbande. Mwachitsanzo, mbewu za phwetekere, zimafesedwa pang'ono kuti zichokere 1 m2 2000-2500 mbande. Masabata awiri kapena atatu atatuluka mbandezi adanyongedwa ndi mbande 150-200 pa mita imodzi2. Sankhaniyi imachitika m'makola kapena ponyowetsedwa bwino, kudula ndikulembedwapo malo, komwe malo mmera uliwonse amakonzekereratu.

Mbande

Zikafesedwa nthawi yotentha, mbande zimamera bwino. Kuti muchepetse kuchepa kwa madzi ndikuthothoka kwamizu yabwino, mbande zokhala ndi masamba zimasinthidwa kwa masiku atatu. Ngati malowo alola, ndibwino kukula mbande osatola, chifukwa imachedwa, poyerekeza ndi kufesa wamba, kukula kwa mbande.

Kusamalira Mbewu

Mulching

Kuphatikiza pakubzala kukonzekera ndi chithandizo cha mbewu, zikamera mbande zitha kupitilizidwa ndi mulching (chophimba) mbewu ndi filimu yakale kapena peat. Njira imeneyi ndi yothandiza makamaka koyambirira kufesa ndi nyengo yotentha. Pofuna kuti musatambasule ndikudula masamba a mphukira, ndikofunikira kuchotsa kanemayo munthawi yake, asanawonekere.

Kuthirira mbande yoyenera

Imathandizira zikamera mbande ndi kufesa kuthirira. Kuthirira mutafesa mu nyengo yotentha kumatha kubzala dzimbiri pa dothi lolemera. Ndiye chifukwa chake, ngati kuthirira kotero kudachitika, ndikofunika kwambiri m'masiku otsatirawa kuti mubwerezenso kapena kumasula pansi kuti muwononge kutumphuka.

Muyenera kuthirira mbewu zamasamba nthawi zonse, nthaka ikamuma. Kutentha kumadzulo, ndipo usiku kukazizira - m'mawa. Osathirira mbewu ndi madzi ozizira. Choyamba ziyenera kutenthetsedwa ndi dzuwa. Asanatsirire, komanso patapita nthawi, dothi lozungulira mbewuzo liyenera kumasulidwa.

Pakakulitsa mbande, komanso zipatso zobala zipatso m'chipinda kapena malo otetezedwa, ndikofunikira kupatula madzi a m'nthaka, kusayenda kwa madzi.

Kusina, kudina, ndikuchotsa pamiyendo

Mukakulitsa phwetekere, ndikofunikira kuchita kutsina. Stepsons amatchedwa akuwombera mbali, amene amayenera kuthyolidwa pafupipafupi. Mukachotsa ma stepons, zochuluka za michere ya mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbewu.

Muyenera kuchotsa ana onse opeza, kupatula chimodzi kapena ziwiri zapamwamba. Ndizofunikira, makamaka nyengo yotentha, kubwezeretsa tsamba lomwe likufa mwachangu.

Kukanikiza pakati sikulinso kofunikira, ndiye kuti, kuchotsedwa kwa masamba obisika pachomera. Amachitidwa, choyambirira, mu mitundu yamphamvu ya phwetekere ndi nkhaka yomwe imadzala m'malo obisalamo, mbewuzo zikamaliza kupanga zomaliza kapena maluwa. Mapangidwe ake ena amatha kuchedwetsa kusasitsa kwa mbewu yayikulu. Potseguka, tsina ndi matenthedwe mutapangira maluwa awiri kapena atatu, ndipo dzungu - patatsala mwezi umodzi chisanu chisanachitike, ndiye kuti kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti.

Peduncle ("maluwa", muvi) mu anyezi, adyo, rhubarb amachotsedwa pamanja kapena ndi mpeni posachedwa ndikutsikira (peduncle). Ntchito imeneyi imakupatsani mwayi woti mupange mbewu zabwino kwambiri.

Mbande

Zambiri zofesa ndikubzala masamba

Mutha kupeza zipatso zambiri zamasamba pokhapokha mutabzala mbewu moyenera komanso munthawi kapena mutabzala mbande, mababu, ma tubers, zina.

Ndime ya "Kufesa kapena kubzala" ikuwonetsa mtunda pakati pa mizere yazomera ndi pakati pamizere mzere mukabzala kapena mutamaliza kupatulira mbewu zazikulu. Chiwerengero choyamba chikuonetsa mtunda pakati pa mizere, ndipo chachiwiri - pakati pa mbewu mzere. Mukabzala, mwachitsanzo, kaloti (20 × 4 + 40) × З-4, cholembera choyamba chimafotokoza mtunda pakati pa mizere, chachiwiri chikuwonetsa chiwerengero chawo, chachitatu chikuwonetsa mtunda pakati pa zotchingira, ndipo manambala kunja kwa bulaketi amawonetsa mtunda pakati pa mbewu mzere.

Rutabaga

  • Mlingo wa Seeding: 0.3 g / m2;
  • Kukula kwakukulu: 7-12 ma PC / m2;
  • Kuzama kwa Seeding: 2-3 cm;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala chiwembu: 40 × 20 cm.

Nandolo

  • Mlingo wa Seeding: 15-20 g / m2;
  • Kuzama kwa Seeding: 3-5 cm;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala chiwembu: 40 × 15 cm.

Zukini ndi sikwashi

  • Mlingo wa Seeding: 0.3-0.4 g / m2;
  • Kukula kwakukulu: 2-3 ma PC / m2;
  • Kuzama kwa Seeding: 3-5 cm;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala chiwembu: 70 × 70 cm.

White kabichi oyambirira kucha

  • Kukula kwakukulu: 4-8 ma PC / m2;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala chiwembu: 40 × 20 × 25-35 cm.

Kabichi wofiyira

  • Kukula kwakukulu: 3-6 ma PC / m2;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala: 50-60 × 40 cm.

Kabichi ya Savoy

  • Kukula kwakukulu: 3-6 ma PC / m2;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala: 50-60 × 40 cm.

Kholifulawa

  • Kukula kwakukulu: 5-8 ma PC / m2;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala: 50-60 × 25 cm.

Kabichi ya Kohlrabi

  • Mlingo wa Seeding: 0.06 g / m2;
  • Kukula kwakukulu: 10-12 ma PC / m2;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala chiwembu: 50 × 20-25 cm.

Anyezi kumpoto

  • Mlingo wa Seeding: 10 g / m2;
  • Kuzama kwa Seeding: 2-3 cm;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala chiwembu: 20 × 2-3 cm.

Anyezi pa mpiru

  • Mlingo wa Seeding: 0.6-0.8 g / m2;
  • Kukula kwakukulu: 50-120 g ma PC / m2;
  • Kuzama kwa Seeding: 2-3 cm;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala chiwembu: 20 × 10-15 cm.

Leek

  • Mlingo wa Seeding: 0.8-0.9 g / m2;
  • Kukula kwakukulu: 20-25 ma PC / m2;
  • Kuzama kwa Seeding: 2-3 cm;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala chiwembu: 10 × 10-15 cm.

Kaloti

  • Mlingo wa Seeding: 0.5-0.6 g / m2;
  • Kuzama kwa Seeding: 1.5-2 cm;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala: (20 × 4 + 40) × 3-4 masentimita.

Nkhaka

  • Mlingo wa Seeding: 0.6-0.8 g / m2;
  • Kukula kwakukulu: 4-7 ma PC / m2;
  • Kuzama kwa Seeding: 2-4 cm;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala chiwembu: 70-120 × 15-20 cm.

Parsnip

  • Mlingo wa Seeding: 0.5-0.6 g / m2;
  • Kuzama kwa Seeding: 2-3 cm;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala chiwembu: 35 × 10 cm.

Parsley

  • Mlingo wa Seeding: 0.8-0.1 g / m2;
  • Kuzama kwa Seeding: 1.5-2 cm;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala chiwembu: (20 × 4 + 40) × 3-4 masentimita.

Phwetekere

  • Kukula kwakukulu: 4-6 ma PC / m2;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala chiwembu: 50 × 35-50 cm.

Zambiri

  • Mlingo wa Seeding: 1.8-2 g / m2;
  • Kuzama kwa Seeding: 1-2 cm;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala chiwembu: (12 × 6 + 40) × 3-4 masentimita.

Zambiri

  • Mlingo wa Seeding: 1.8-2 g / m2;
  • Kuzama kwa Seeding: 1-2 cm;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala chiwembu: (12 × 6 + 40) × 3-4 masentimita.

Turnip

  • Mlingo wa Seeding: 0,2 g / m2;
  • Kuzama kwa Seeding: 1-2 cm;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala chiwembu: (12 × 6 + 40) × 4-5 masentimita.

Letesi

  • Mlingo wa Seeding: 0.3-0.5 g / m2;
  • Kuzama kwa Seeding: 1-2 cm;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala chiwembu: (20 × 4 + 40) × 2-3 cm.

Saladi yamutu

  • Mlingo wa Seeding: 0.1-0.2 g / m2;
  • Kukula kwakukulu: 15-25 ma PC / m2;
  • Kuzama kwa Seeding: 1-2 cm;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala chiwembu: 20-25 × 20-25 cm.

Beetroot

  • Mlingo wa Seeding: 1-1.2 g / m2;
  • Kuzama kwa Seeding: 3-6 cm;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala chiwembu: 34 × 8-10 cm.

Selari

  • Mlingo wa Seeding: 0.06-0.08 g / m2;
  • Kukula kwakukulu: 11-15 ma PC / m2;
  • Kuzama kwa Seeding: 1-1.5 cm;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala chiwembu: 35 × 20-30 cm.

Konkola pa amadyera

  • Mlingo wa Seeding: 1.8-7 g / m2;
  • Kuzama kwa Seeding: 2-3 cm;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala chiwembu: Mbendera 70 cm.

Nyemba

  • Mlingo wa Seeding: 0.8-1.4 g / m2;
  • Kuzama kwa Seeding: 4-6 cm;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala: 30-35 × 4-5 cm.

Sipinachi

  • Mlingo wa Seeding: 4-6 g / m2;
  • Kuzama kwa Seeding: 2-3 cm;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala: (20 × 4 + 40) × 3-4 masentimita.

Garlic

  • Kukula kwakukulu: 50-80 ma PC / m2;
  • Kuzama kwa Seeding: 5-7 cm;
  • Kufesa kapena kubzala: 20 × 10-15 cm.

Tikukhulupirira kuti zomwe zalembedwa munkhaniyi zikuthandizani kwambiri pantchito yovuta - kukula mbande.

Nkhani Yosangalatsa