Gatzania (Gazania), kapena gazania - chomera cham'mimba kapena chaka chilichonse chamaluwa, chofala kuthengo ku Australia ndi South Africa komanso a banja la a Astrov. Anthu amatcha maluwa "golide wamasana" kapena "African daisy." Mwa mitundu yoposa khumi ndi inayi, komanso mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu yambiri, wamaluwa amatha kusankha mbewu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Utoto wotulutsa maluwa umayimiriridwa ndi mitundu iwiri ya inflorescence yoyera, yapinki, ya lilac, yachikasu, lalanje, yofiyira komanso yofiirira.
Zina zachilengedwe za herbaceous ndi masamba obiriwira amtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira bwino komanso wowoneka bwino pamtunda wocheperako, tsinde lalifupi kwambiri, inflorescence imodzi - mabasiketi mpaka mainchesi 10 ndi zipatso - ma achenes. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa perennials kumayambira 20 mpaka 30 cm. Mmodzi mbewu imatha kukhala ndi madengu 20-30. Kutulutsa kwamtundu uliwonse wa inflorescence kumatenga masiku opitilira 20, ndipo nthawi yachilimwe mutha kusilira mitundu yowala ya gatsaniya kuyambira koyambirira kwa Juni mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala.
Kulimidwa kwa Gatsaniya kuchokera ku mbewu
Kufesa mbewu za asczania
Kuti chomera chikule bwino bwino ndikukhalanso chokongoletsa koposa nyengo imodzi, ndikofunikira kubzala mbewu bwino ndikukula mbande zapamwamba kuchokera kwa iwo.
Madeti obzala akhazikitsidwa poganizira nyengo ndi nyengo. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yofesa ndi kuyambira pa Marichi 15 mpaka Epulo 15. Kubzala koyambirira pamalo otentha, kukula kwa mbewu kumachedwetsedwa, ndipo pang'onopang'ono komanso nthawi yamaluwa iyamba pambuyo pake.
Zomera zimakhala ndi mizu yozika mizu, kotero mabokosi obzala ayenera kukhala ozama. Dothi losakanikirana limafunikira yoyesedwa komanso yopepuka, yophatikizidwa.
Kusamalira mmera wa Gatzania
Mbewu zikulimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe m'njira yoyendera kapena mosasinthika, koma osakhala patali pafupifupi 2-3 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Mutabzala, mbewuyo imapanikizidwa pang'ono kapena kuthiridwa ndi mchenga wowonda. Dothi limanyowa nthawi yomweyo kuchokera ku sprayer, pambuyo pake pomwe mumakhala zodzadza ndi yokutidwa ndi galasi kapena polyethylene ndikuyikidwa m'chipinda chowala ndi kutentha ndi kutentha kwa 20 digiri Celsius. Kusamalira mbande kumakhala ndi mpweya wabwino tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuchotsa kwa condensate. Kutengera ndi mikhalidwe yonse, mphukira yoyamba idzawonekera masiku 10-15.
Kutola ndi kukhwimitsa mbande
Kuchokera pakuzama pang'ono kubzala, mbewu zazing'ono zokhala ndi masamba atatu athunthu zimasungidwa mumiphika imodzi ndi gawo limodzi lophatikizana ndi peat ndi humus. Kuyambira mwakuya mabokosi mbande sangayende. Kukula kwina kwa mbande kumasamutsidwa m'chipinda chozizira kwambiri ndi madigiri 12 mpaka 16 Celsius (mwachitsanzo, pa khonde lowoneka bwino kapena loggia wosakhazikika). Kuwongolera kumachitika masana kwa maola angapo ndi windo lotseguka, koma osalemba kuzizira.
Gatsaniya akufika poyera
Kudzala liti gatsaniya
Nthawi yoyenera komanso yabwino yodzala mbande panthaka kuyambira pa Meyi 15 mpaka pa 15 June. Kubzala koyambirira kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zambiri ndi kukula ndi maluwa.
Nthaka patsambalo iyenera kukhala yopepuka. Nthaka wamba yokhala ndi michere yabwino ndi yabwino kwa mbewu zazing'ono. Malowa akhale otseguka ndi dzuwa, chifukwa gatsaniya ndi wa zikhalidwe komanso zithunzi zosagwiritsa ntchito chilala. Kwa iye, kuwongola dzuwa sikuvulaza kotheratu. Kuwala kokulirapo ndi kutentha.
Momwe mungadzala gatsaniya
Kusamutsa kwa mbeu kuchokera pabokosi labzala kupita panthaka kumachitika ndi chimpweya chachitali komanso mtanda. Kuti chidebe chosalimba chisawonongeke, muyenera kusamala kwambiri, ndipo mbande mumiphika imodzi zimasiyidwa pamabedi az maluwa limodzi ndi miphika. Mtunda pakati pa masitepe ndi 20-25 cm.
M'masiku 90-100 mutabzala mbewu, mbande za gatsaniya zimadzaphuka pamunda wamaluwa kapena maluwa.
Chisamaliro cha Gatzania
Chamomile wa ku Africa amakonda kukula ndi kuwala kowala, m'malo otentha komanso kutentha kwambiri. Ngakhale chomera chake chimakhala chotentha, chomera chimatha kupirira kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, kuzirala kwadzidzidzi mpaka madigiri 5-7 a chisanu sikukhudza moyo wathunthu wa maluwa.
Kuthirira
Kuthirira pang'ono kumachitika tsiku ndi tsiku pokhapokha ngati mvula sinali nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zina, mutha kuthirira maluwa katatu pamwezi ndikumasulira mabedi.
Kudulira ndi kusamalira nthaka
Kudulira pafupipafupi kwa inflorescence kosachedwa kumathandizira kuti pakhale masamba ambiri atsopano. Nthaka imafunikira kumera nthawi zonse pamsongole, koma mutha kuiimitsa ndi mulching. Mulch sidzangochotsa mawonekedwe a namsongole, komanso kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Kuchuluka kwa mavalidwe apamwamba komanso kuchuluka kwawo zimadalira kapangidwe ka dothi pamalo obzala. Dothi losaoneka bwino, komanso malo okhala dothi, ayenera kudyetsedwa nthawi zonse pakatha masiku 15 mpaka 20. Mabedi a maluwa okhala ndi dothi labwino amatha kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa mchere kamodzi pakapita masiku 30 mpaka 40. Pa mita lalikulu lililonse kudzafunikira feteleza 25 g wa feteleza.
Gatsaniya pambuyo maluwa
Kutoletsa mbewu
Mbali ina ya gatsaniya ndikuti nthangala zake zakupsa, ngakhale ndi kamphepo kakang'ono kwambiri, zimabalalika mbali zosiyanasiyana, ngati dandelion. Mutha kuwatenga ngati, kumapeto kwa maluwa, kuphimba mabasiketi ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka gauze ndikumangirira pa peduncle. Kutola mbewu m'maderko athu ndizotheka kokha ndi nyengo yotentha yayitali komanso yotentha. M'miyezi yotentha yadzuwa komanso kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yophukira, mbewu sizikhala ndi nthawi yakucha.
Kukonzekera yozizira
Pogona nyengo yachisanu mbewu sizifunikira. Mu nthawi yophukira, nthawi yophukira maluwa akamaliza maluwa, kudulira kwa mphukira kumachitika pansi pazu.
Mitundu ya pachaka ya gatsaniya amathanso kuyesedwa kusunga mpaka nyengo yotsatira. Pofika m'dzinja, ndikofunikira kukumba mbewu zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zamphamvu kwambiri zam'madzi, ndikuzisunthira mumatumba amatabwa kapena mabokosi akuya ndikuziyika m'chipinda chozizira chowunikira bwino. Kutentha kwakula pachaka kumachokera ku madigiri 8 mpaka 10 Celsius. Chisamaliro chachikulu chimakhala kuthilira osowa kwambiri, komwe kumayenera kuchitika pokhapokha kuyanika kwa dothi lokwera masentimita angapo. Pofika kumapeto kwa kasupe, mphukira zimadulidwa pakati ndikabzalidwe kachiwiri.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ta asczania ndi nthata za akangaude, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi nkhono. Tsambali litha kukhala lopanda mbali kuchokera ku nkhono pokhapokha ndi zolemba zamanja, ndipo mankhwala apadera angathandize kuthana ndi alendo ena osadalitsidwawo. Inta-vir, Akarin, Fitoverm - amawononga nsabwe za m'masamba, pomwe Actellik, Ditox ndi Fufanon - amatha kulimbana ndi kangaude.
Gatzania amalimbana ndi matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi onse komanso matenda opatsirana ndipo sikuti amadwala. Kupatula ndikuphwanya kwakukulu kwa malamulo a chisamaliro ndi kukonza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwoneka kwa imvi zowola. Pachizindikiro choyamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichotse mbewu zonse zomwe zili ndi vuto pamizu, ndipo malo ena onse obzala ayenera kuchitidwa mwachangu ndi Fitosporin.
Vuto lalikulu pakati wamaluwa yokulira gatsaniya ndi kutalika kwa maluwa. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtundu uwu ukhale wamtunduwu zitha kubisala mosamala kapena mosayenera. Kuti maluwa afike pa nthawi yake komanso ochulukirapo, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsatira mosamalitsa malamulo ndi mfundo zokomera, kuchuluka komanso kuthirira, malamulo osankha malo obzala komanso kapangidwe ka dothi, komanso umuna.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya gatsaniya
Mitundu ndi mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi gatsaniya "Long-shooter", "Shiny", "Peacock", "Potsy", "Cirrus", "One-flowed", "Snow-oyera", "Hybrid". Mitundu ina yosakanizidwa imatha kuphuka masana, mosiyana ndi mitundu yayikulu, yomwe maluwa amatsekera usiku kapena mvula.
