Shrub irga ndi wabwino kwambiri kukula nyengo yankhanza, komabe, ngakhale izi zili choncho, sizidadziwikebe kwambiri pakati pa olimi athu, ngakhale kuti mitundu yoposa khumi ndi iwiri yapambana mayeso.
Mitunduyi imakhala ndi zokongoletsera zapadera ndipo imapatsa zipatso zokoma.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Waku Irga waku Canada membala wodziwika kwambiri wamtundu wochokera kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa North America. Imafika pamtunda wa 6 metres, ndipo nthawi zina imasanduka mtengo mpaka 10 metres. Udzu wofika mpaka 10 cm, wotulutsa, wokhala ndi bulawuni wobiriwira, pakugwa - kapezi wagolide.
Munthawi yamaluwa popita kwamasiku 7-10, mmera umakutidwa ndi masamba, wokhala ndi maluwa oyera oyera a 5-12, omwe amawoneka abwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi maziko amtambo wofiira kwambiri. Zipatsozo zimakhala zozungulira, zofiirira zakuda komanso zonyekemera komanso zowala bwino.
Irga Lamarck Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya maluwa imapezekanso zokongoletsera, zachilengedwe mu nyengo yonseyo. Kwenikweni, imalimbikitsidwa ngati kuyika malo obzala m'magulu, komanso, ndi nyama zam'mbuyomu, ndizabwino kwambiri pazinthu zamitengo ya mapeyala ndi mitengo ya maapulo, kukulitsa kukana kwa chisanu, ndikuikulitsa ndi kuthekera kokukula m'madambo.
Irga ndi wozungulira mozungulira
Amalimidwa ku dera la ku Europe kwa Russian Federation komanso ku peninsula ya Crimea, komwe ndi komwe kunabadwira mtunduwu. Chitsamba ichi chimadziwika ndi kukula kwa mamita 0.5-2,5, nthambi zokhazikika ndi masamba a ovate okhala m'mphepete.
Zisungunuka, masamba achichepere amatha kupendekera m'munsi, kenako mtunduwu umatha, koma winanso - mabulashi opangidwa ndi maluwa ali ndi mawonekedwe a corymbose ndipo amawoneka okongola kwambiri nthawi yamaluwa kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Zipatso zakuda zokhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira zimacha pakati pa chilimwe, kuyambira ali ndi zaka 5.
Irga spiky Amamera ku North America ngati chitsamba chowongolera, nthawi zina mtengo mpaka mamita 5 kutalika. Zithunzi zingapo za imvi zakuda (zachikale) ndi zofiirira zofiirira (zazing'ono) zimapangira korona wakuda wowonda. Zomera m'nthawi yachilimwe zimapakidwa utoto wobiriwira, ndipo m'dzinja - ofiira. Maluwa okhala ndi fungo lonunkhira amatha kukhala oyera kapena ofiira.
Zipatsozi zimakhala zokoma ngati "congeners", mpaka masentimita 0,9, ofiira, okutidwa ndi duwa lamtambo. Makhalidwe ake okongoletsa, makamaka woonekera pakati maluwa pakati pa Meyi komanso kucha kwa zipatso m'masiku oyamba a Ogasiti, apeza ntchito m'makonzedwe a mipanda. Zipatso zaka 4.
Alga alder
Komanso kuchokera ku North America, m'malo athu amapanga chitsamba mpaka mamita 4 kutalika. Pafupifupi magawo onse a mbewu, kuyambira masamba mpaka masamba ndi maluwa inflorescence, ndi pubescent. Zipatso za mtundu wakuda, pang'ono pang'ono, zimawonekera kuyambira azaka 5.
M'dzinja, masamba a mabulosiwa amakhala abwino kwambiri akapakidwa utoto wachikasu. Maluwa amayamba kumapeto kwa masika, ndipo zipatso zakucha zimayenera kuyembekezeredwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Irga ndi chowulungika amatchedwanso "wamba irga”Amapezeka kumpoto kwa Europe, Crimea ndi Caucasus. Kukula mpaka mamita 2.5 kutalika, chitsamba chimapanga korona wakufalikira wazitsamba zazing'ono kuchokera ku zitsamba za pubescence, zomwe pambuyo pake zimakhala zopanda, zonyezimira, zofiirira. Masamba a ovoid ndiwobiriwira wakuda nthawi yotentha komanso red-lalanje m'dzinja.
Zipatso zakuda zamtambo zokhala ndi pachimake pachimake mu Julayi-Ogasiti, kuyambira zaka 5. Maluwa amayamba m'masiku oyamba a Meyi. Kuphatikiza pa chiwonetsero chamnyengo pakukula, mitunduyi imadziwikanso ndi katundu wapamwamba wa phytoncide.
Irga Smokey osati mtundu wamba wokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu, zokoma komanso zonunkhira kwambiri. Popeza kufalikira kwa chitsamba chilichonse, kubzalidwa pamtunda wotalikilana pafupifupi mita atatu kuchokera pachilichonse. Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi kufooka kwa chilala posachedwa poyerekeza ndi ena.
Irga Pembina
Imakula mpaka mamita atatu, ndipo nthawi zina imakhala mtengo. Zipatso ndizapakatikati mwake, zonunkhira komanso zotsekemera, zimapsa mkati mwa Julayi.
Irga ndiwosalala Mtundu wina wochokera ku North America, womwe umakula nyengo yathu ndi mamilimita 3.5. Korona wotsogola ndiwopanda pake. Ndi kuyamba kwa maluwa kwa pachaka, komwe kumatenga milungu iwiri kuchokera theka loyambirira la Meyi, mphukira zimakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira otchedwa brownish-pinkish omwe amabweretsa kukongoletsa kwakukulu, makamaka motsutsana ndi masamba obiriwira ochokera kuzomera zoyandikira.
Izi zimakwaniritsidwa ndi ma genemose inflorescence, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku maluwa 7-12 okhala ndi petals pinki. Masamba otuwa a irgi osalala amaphatikiza kukongola kosagawika ndi chisomo cha mtundu ndi mawonekedwe.
Pitilizani ndi zigawo zina za mmera ndi zipatso zake - 0.5-0.7 masentimita, mulitali wachikasu ndi mbiya ya pinki, pakupita nthawi mutapeza mtundu wofiyira komanso wosakoma kwambiri, mukayerekeza mitundu ina. Kubala zipatso kuyambira zaka 4. Maluwa amayamba kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Irga ikamatera ndi chisamaliro
Kubzala patsogolo Kubzala masamba ndi bwino, ndipo mulimonsemo, mbande zikuyenera kukhala zaka 1-2.
Zabzalidwa 5-8 cm mwakuya, zofanana ndi kuya kwa nazale, malinga ndi pulani ya 4x2, 5x3 mita kapena mawonekedwe a cheke (kwa hedge), ndikuwona mtunda m'mizere ya 0.5-1.8 metres. Akakonza mizere yakuya kuti ibzalidwe, amatengedwa kupita ku mabungwe akufikira ndi kutalika kwa 50-80 ndi kuya 30 cm.
Mtengowo umazika mizu yake bwino lomwe ndipo sufuna kuusamalidwa, zinthu zomwe zikudula mitengo ikuluikulu, kuchotsa nthambi zazitali komanso mphukira zodwala.
Mutabzala, tikulimbikitsidwa kuthiramo madzi okwanira malita 8-10 a madzi padzenje lililonse. Ndipo ndikofunikanso kuti mulch pamwamba pa dothi ndi peat kapena humus ndikufupikitsa gawo lapamwambalo mpaka 10 cm, ndikusiya impso zabwino 4-5 pamwamba pa dothi.
Kuti mubzale bwino irgi, muyenera kusakaniza dothi lapamwamba ndi zidebe za 1-2 za humus, komanso kuwonjezera superphosphate (300-500 magalamu) ndi mchere wa potaziyamu (magalamu 150-200). Kusakaniza kumeneku kumathiridwa m'maenje.
Thirani Irgi
Wosamalira wamkulu amalolera kumuyika ndi zovuta, chifukwa mizu yake imalowera kwambiri mu dothi - pafupifupi 2 mita. Pamenepa, kwa chitsamba cha zaka 7, zisanu ndi zitatu, mulifupi wozungulira wophatikizika wapadziko lapansi ndi 1.25 metres ndi akuya pafupifupi masentimita 70. Pakuwonjezeka kwa zaka za chitsamba, chizindikiro ichi chikuwonjezeka.
Pambuyo pozika, ndikofunikira kuti dothi likhale dzenjelo, thirirani chitsamba bwino ndikugaya mozungulira mozungulira.
Kudyetsa Irgi
Chaka choyamba cha irgi kudyetsa kuyenera kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la ammonium nitrate mu 50 g magalamu 10 a madzi, ndikuyiyambitsa mabwalo ozungulira. Pazifukwa izi, yankho la zitosi za mbalame kapena kuzimiririka ndiloyeneranso.
Pambuyo pa zaka 5-6, ubwamuna umachitika ndi ma organic (zidebe 2-3 pach chitsamba chilichonse) ndi mchere (500 magalamu a ammonium nitrate ndi mchere wa potaziyamu kuphatikiza 1 makilogalamu a superphosphate pachitsamba chilichonse) feteleza, kusinthanitsa ndi zaka.
Kudulira
M'zaka zitatu zoyambirira, ndibwino kusiya kokha zero zimayambira, mtsogolo - 2-3 mphukira, kudulira china chilichonse ndikupanga chitsamba chokhala ndi nthambi za mibadwo khumi ndi isanu.
Njira zodulira zotsatirazi zimaphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwa mizu yokhala ndi ofooka, ofooka, odwala, osweka.
Ngati pang'onopang'ono pakukula kwa nthambi, kubwezeretsanso kumafunikanso kudulira, komwe kumachitika kamodzi pazaka 3-4 pamatabwa a zaka zaka 2-4. Irga bwino kulekerera kudulira, kenako popanda kudziimira kukula ndi mizu.
Irga ndi mbewu yolimba kwambiri yozizira, imatha kupirira kuzizira mpaka -52 ℃ ndi chisanu kumapeto kwa masika a under -7 ℃. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chikhalidwe choteteza poyang'ana mphepo zomwe zikuwomba ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, kusunga gawo lokongoletsa m'mundawo.
Kufalitsa kwa Irga ndi odulidwa
Kuti mupangitsenso ma dilates, mizu yodulidwa imadulidwa mu 15cm kutalika kuchokera muzu mphukira, wobzalidwa molunjika ndi mulch ndi humus. Nthawi yomweyo muyenera kuchita kuthirira yambiri, kenako onetsetsani kuti chinyezi cha nthaka chikuwonjezeka. M'dzinja, pachaka chithunzi cha kholo chomera chimapangidwa kuchokera kuduladula.
Kufalikira kwa igreus ndikudula wobiriwira
Zodulira zobiriwira zobiriwira zimadulidwa kutalika kofanana ndi nsonga za nthambi za 5, 6 wazaka zakubadwa. Izi zimachitika m'chigawo choyamba cha chilimwe ndikachotsa masamba am'munsi kuchokera kumadulidwe, ndikusiya awiriawiri awiriawiri.
Kenako, zigawo zotsika kwa maola 6-12 zimasiyidwa mu malo opangira mizu, ndiye kuti zimatsukidwa m'madzi oyera ndikutsitsidwa pamakona a 3-4 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake kumalo obiriwira ozizira.
Dothi lodzala liyenera kuwazidwa ndi mchenga mpaka kukula kwa masentimita 8-10. Kutalika kwa dome la greenhouse kuyenera kukhala lokwera masentimita 15-20 kuposa zodulidwazo. Masabata atatu pomwe amazika mizu.
Zidutswa za milungu itatu ya zaka zimakhala ndi mizu yoyenera, yomwe imawalola kuti akafike pamalo ophunzitsira. Akazika mizu, mutha kuwadyetsa ndi magalamu 30 a ammonium nitrate osungunuka mumtsuko, kuwasamalira ngati achikulire ndipo, mutagwa, mudzawasendeza kumalo osatha.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Irga sangatengeke ndi mchenga, kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya, tizirombo ndi matenda. Adani ake akuluakulu ndi omwe amadya ndi mole-motley.
- Zovuta zakuyamba zimatha kutayika kwa zipatso, chifukwa omwe amadya mbewu amadya nthangala ndikusenda zipatso.
- Njenjemera zamakola zimapangitsa masamba kuyanika ndi kuwonongeka. Koyamba komanso kwachiwiri, kulandira chithandizo chokhala ndi actelik, fufanon kapena karbofos kumathandiza.
Irga zothandiza katundu ndi contraindication
Mavitamini ambiri okhala ndi zipatso za mabulosi, kuphatikizapo C, A, B, B2, ndi zinthu zina monga chitsulo, ayodini ndi manganese, zimapangitsa chomera kukhala chothandiza popewa matenda a mtima ndi m'mimba.
Kuphatikiza apo, zipatso zimachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndipo zimathandizira kukhoma kwamitsempha yamagazi. Chifukwa chake, cholakwa pakugwiritsa ntchito irgi ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Tincture wa Irgi pa vodka
Pokonzekera tincture wa jergi pa vodka - mankhwala odziwika bwino - mudzayenera makilogalamu 1 a zipatso zouma ndi 1.5 malita a vodika. Zipatso mu chidebe zodzaza ndi vodika ndikusiyidwa kuti zipereke kwa tsiku limodzi m'chipinda chamdima.
Madziwo atakonzeka, chidebe chimadzaza ndi zipatso zatsopano ndikudzazidwa ndimadzi kale. Siyani kusakaniza kuti mupatse ena kwa masiku ena awiri, ndipo chakumwa chakonzeka kumwa.
Jirgi Jam
Pa kupanikizana kwa jamu, mukusowa zipatso za 1.5 makilogalamu, magalamu 200 a madzi owiritsa ndi magalamu 800 a shuga. Zipatso zimagona mu saucepan, kuwonjezera madzi ndikuyika moto wolimba. Pambuyo pa mphindi 30, osakaniza adayambitsidwa ndipo shuga adawonjezeredwa. Wiritsani monga choncho kwa mphindi zina 30, koma tsopano pa moto wochepa.
Kenako ndikofunikira kuziziritsa chophika kuchipinda kutentha ndipo mothandizidwa ndi kumiza thupi, kuswa zipatsozo kukhala boma la phala. Popeza tatsanulira chilichonse kumabanki ndikusiya kuzizirira, timakhala ndi chotsekemera chosiyana ndi mawonekedwe a kupanikizana.
Vinyo wochokera ku Irgi
Chinsinsi cha vinyo kuchokera ku jirgi ndi motere. Zipatso zokhwimazo zimaphwanyidwa, kuphwanyidwa pang'ono, kutentha mpaka 60-70 C ndikuzungunikira patatha tsiku limodzi. Pambuyo pokanikiza, msuzi umaphatikizidwa ndi madzi ofanana kuchuluka ndi 0,3-0.4 makilogalamu a shuga pa 1 lita imodzi ya madzi amawonjezeredwa ndikuthira mumtsuko kuti mupangidwe pansi pa yankho lamadzi.
Pambuyo pa masabata awiri ndi atatu, vinyo amachotsedwa pamatope, ndikuwatsanulira mu botolo, kokhazikika ndikuyika chipinda chabwino kwa miyezi 3-4.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzisungira m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena mumdima ndi ozizira, kukonza khosi pansi. Vinyo wopambitsidwayo amakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira wakuda wokhala ndi tint yofiirira komanso kukoma pang'ono pang'ono kwa tart, komwe kumakhala kwa zaka 10-15.
Morse waku Irgi
Madzi opangidwa kuchokera ku iraghi ndiosavuta kukonza. Popeza atsuka zipatso za irgi (magalamu 250), akuthamanga ndikufinya msuzi wake. Zipatso zosenda zimaphikidwa kwa mphindi 10, ndiye kuti msuzi umaphatikizidwa ndi msuzi wofinya, shuga (magalamu 100) ndi madzi (1 lita) umawonjezeredwa. Ndiye kuyimirira maola 10-12 ndipo mwakhala ozizira.
