Mtengo wa apulo ndiofalikira paliponse chifukwa zipatso zake zimatha kusinthasintha munthaka komanso nyengo zina, kuuma kwambiri nyengo yachisanu komanso kulekerera chilala, komanso kukana tizirombo ndi matenda.
Apple Tree (Latin - Malus) - mtundu wamitengo yabwino ndi zitsamba za banja la Pinki ndi zipatso zotsekemera kapena zotsekemera.
Mitengo yokhala ndi korona yofalikira ya 2,5-15 m. Nthambi zimafupikitsidwa (maluwa), pomwe maluwa amatayikidwa, ndikukula (kukula). M'mitundu yamtchire, minga pa nthambi. Masamba a Petiole, okongola kapena ma pubescent, omwe ali ndi zigawo zotsika kapena zotsalira. Maluwa (oyera, ofiira, ofiira) ma ambulera kapena zishango.
Zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri ndi izi: apulo wamba kapena wobzalidwa (Malus domestica), omwe amaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri yomwe imalimidwa padziko lapansi, sapwood, Chinese (Malus prunifolia), ndi apulo wotsika (Malus pumila).
Mitundu yambiri ya mitengo ya maapulo imakulidwa ngati zokongoletsera m'minda ndi m'mapaki, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza nkhalango. Mitundu yonse ndiyabwino yopanga. Matabwa a mtengo wa maapozi ndi wandiweyani, wamphamvu, wosadulidwa komanso wopukutidwa bwino; choyenera kutembenuka ndi kujowina, zaluso zazing'ono
Mitengo yaying'ono, mpaka 10 m, yokongoletsa zipatso, nthawi zambiri yokhala ndi korona yosasamba, yozungulira, yopanda zitsamba zambiri. Makungwa a mtondo ndi wakuda. Masamba ndi elliptical kapena oblong-ovate, mpaka 10 masentimita, zobiriwira zakuda nthawi yotentha, chikasu kapena pabuka nthawi yophukira. Maluwa ofika mpaka masentimita 3-4, onunkhira, oyera, pinki kapena carmine, pama pediccent osakanikirana, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mumapangidwe owoneka ambulera. Zipatso ndizopangidwa ndi apulo, m'mitundu yambiri yowoneka bwino, yosiyana ndi kukula kwake. Mkati mwa mwana wakhanda pali zisa 5 zopangidwa ndi zikopa zachikopa, zokhala ndi njere; mnofu umapangidwa chifukwa chakukula, komwe kumalandira thupi.
Sankhani mmera wa apulo
Kusankha kwa mmera kutengera madzi apansi m'dera lanu. Ngati pansi panthaka pali mamita atatu, ndiye kuti mmera ungasankhidwe pamtunda uliwonse (Zomera - mizu ndi gawo la tsinde kupita ku katemera- - mbewu (yamphamvu), yocheperapo, yocheperako.
Zomera zam'mimba - awa ndi mizu yakuya yolimba. Mtengo wa apulo womwe umakhala pamwamba pake umatalika mamita 7-8 (popanda kudulira), umakhala nthawi yayitali (50-70 kapena zaka zambiri), umapereka zokolola zabwino. Iyenera kubzalidwa pamtunda wa osachepera mita 5-6 kuchokera ku mitengo ina. Zowona, ngati mtengo wa apulo umadulidwa pafupipafupi ndikuwumbika bwino, sungakhale wopitilira mita 3-4 kutalika.
Pamalo omwe ali ndi madzi pansi pamtunda wa mamita 2.5 kuchokera pamtunda, mtengo wokhala pachitsa, atafika pamizu yamadzi, umayamba kumva bwino, umataya nthawi yozizira, umatulutsa zokolola zochepa ndipo umatha kufa kwathunthu. Kwa mawebusayiti oterowo, mbande zomwe zili pachidebe chocheperako zimasankhidwa. M'madera a Chigawo cha Moscow, zodzala zochepa zokha zomwe ndizoyenera, mwachitsanzo, 54-118, 67-5-32.
Pogula chomera, onetsetsani kuti mukukambirana ndi wogulitsa zomwe zimayambira mtengo wa apulo womwe mukufuna. Uku ndi kuyesa kwa kuyenera kwake: ngati angayankhe, ndiye kuti ndi katswiri ndipo mutha kumugulira mbewu mosaopa. Kutalika kwa mtengo wachikale pachidebe chocheperako ndi mamita 4-5 (popanda kudulira), mizu yake siyakuya kwambiri, imakhala zaka 30 mpaka 40. Zokolola za mtengo uliwonse zimakhala zochepa poyerekeza ndi chidebe chokulirapo, koma ngati mutabzala mitengo ya zipatso za apulo, 4-5 mita kuchokera kuzomera zoyandikana, ndiye kuti m'mundamo muli zana limodzi likhala chimodzimodzi.
M'malo okhala ndi madzi apansi pansi (pamwamba pa 1.5 m), mitundu yokha pamtunda wamtali kapena spur stock mitundu (yomwe imatchedwa mitengo ya apulo) ndioyenera. Mbande zomwe zili pachidezi chokhala ndi mizu yayikulu kwambiri, zimakhala zazifupi (zimakhala zaka 15-20), kukula kochepa (mpaka 2-2,5 metres). Amapereka apulo pang'ono, koma chifukwa chodzala kwambiri wandiweyani (2.5-3 mita pakati pa mbewu), zokolola zimatha kukhala zabwino. Mitengo yamapulogalamu yooneka ngati mzere m'munda imabzalidwa mtunda wa 1x1 kapena 0.5x2 mita. Amafuna kuyesetsa ndi chisamaliro chochuluka kuchokera kwa wosamalira mundawo - amafunika kukhala osamalidwa bwino komanso kupatsiridwa madzi nthawi zonse.
Kusankha malo okhala
Mitengo ya Apple imakonda kuwala kwambiri, ngakhale yolimba kumithunzi. Pewani malo okhala ndi madzi apansi komanso malo otsika ozizira kwambiri. Mtengo wa apulo umakula bwino pamadothi osiyanasiyana, kupatula kumera kwambiri kwa dothi la alkali kapena acidic, komwe kumafunanso kukonzanso. Mtengo wa apulo umakula bwino pa sod-podzolic, nkhalango imvi komanso dothi la chernozem lokhala ndi chonde chochepa komanso acidity yochepa.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Maenje obzala ayenera kukonzekereratu, osachepera mwezi umodzi asanabzalidwe, kuti nthawi yokwanira igwe. Amakumba mpaka mainchesi 60 ndi mainchesi 1-1.2 m, kusakaniza dothi lochotsedwa mu dzenje lobzala, ndi feteleza, makamaka wochokera koyambira.
Ngati m'mbuyomu, mbewu zina zidalimidwa pamalo ano ndipo dothi lidalowetsedwa, palibe chifukwa chowonjezera feteleza watsopano. Feteleza wopitilira amalimbikitsa kukula kwamitengo yambiri popanda phindu la zokolola.
Kubzala mtengo wa maapozi pamalo a sod ikuchitika chimodzimodzi ndi kuphatikiza feteleza wa phosphorous yemwe amakhala nthawi yayitali, monga chakudya cham'mafupa (atatu ofikira pamtsinje umodzi).
Kodi mungabzala mitengo ya apulo motani komanso motani?
Pakati pa Russia, mtengo wa maapulo ungabzalidwe kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena m'dzinja mu Seputembala. Kuti mufike bwino, ndikofunikira kuganizira zingapo zosavuta.
Kukula kwa dzenje lobzala kuyenera kukwanira mizu ya mmera momasuka. Mukabzala, nthaka imakonkhedwa mosamala, kuphimba mizu, mpaka nthaka. Pofuna kuti musatenthe mizu, simuyenera kuwaza ndi feteleza. Ndikofunikira kuti khosi la mmera ndiloyambira 4-5 cm. Mukamawonjezera nthaka, nthawi ndi nthawi phatikizani dothi lomwe lili mdzenjemo ndi manja anu kuti muthane ndi mizu. Mutabzala, mmera umathiriridwa pamiyeso ya ndowa zitatu za madzi pansi pa mtengo wa apulo.
Zingwe zomangidwa kumtengowo (M9, M26 ndi M27) ziyenera kumangidwa pamtengo pomwe pamtengowu. Mitengo iyenera kukhala yolimba, makamaka thundu, yopingasa pafupifupi 5cm komanso kutalika kwa 1,8 m. Mtengo umayendetsedwa mu dzenje kuti pafupifupi 60 cm kutalika kwake kukhazikike pamtunda ndikuti kusiyana pakati pamtengo ndi thunthu ndi pafupifupi 15 cm. Mmera pamtengo umamangidwa ndi twine wofewa wokhala ndi nthawi ya 30cm. Osagwiritsa ntchito waya kapena zinthu zina zomwe zitha kuwononga makungwa a mitengo. M'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zina muziwona kuti twineyo samatambasulidwa mozungulira pamtengo ndipo samadula makungwawo pomwe amakula.
Mitundu yolimba kwambiri imafuna kuphatikizidwa pamtengo m'zaka ziwiri mutabzala. Kenako mitengoyo imachotsedwa.
Chisamaliro cha Apple
Kupatula kudulira, kusamalira mtengo wa apulo sikutanthauza kugwira ntchito yambiri komanso nthawi. Chidwi chachikulu chiyenera kulipidwa kuonda thumba losunga mazira ndi zipatso. Ngati izi sizinachitike, ndiye kuti zipatsozo zimakula mopitilira muyeso, zobiriwira, komanso zonyozeka pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthamangitsa mtengowo ndi zipatso kumatha kubweretsa zipatso nthawi, pomwe chaka chamawa zizipuma pakukolola kwakukulu.
Mukangopanga thumba losunga mazira kapena kuti timabowo timawoneka bwino, chotsani chipatso chapakati pa zipatso zilizonse (nthawi zambiri pamakhala gulu limodzi). Zipatso zapakati nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osakhazikika. Chotsani zipatso zonse ndi zolakwika kapena mawonekedwe. Ngati mtengo wa maapulo udadzaza kwambiri, pezani thumba lililonse, kusiya chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Mtunda pakati pa mitanda uyenera kukhala wosachepera 10 cm. Cordons ndi mitengo pa chitsa cha M9 zimafunikira kucheperachepera.
Ngati, ngakhale atapendekera, katundu pamtengowo amakhalabe wamkulu, pamakhala chiopsezo chophwanyidwa pansi pa kulemera kwa maapulo. Yang'anani momwe zinthu ziliri ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, sinthaninso, kapena limbitsani nthambi ndi mapulogalamu.
Kututa maapulo
Kucha kwa maapulo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zizindikiro ziwiri: choyambirira, izi ndizopezedwa ndi zipatso za utoto ndi kukoma kwa mitundu; chachiwiri ndi mawonekedwe a zizindikiro zoyambirira za zipatso zabwino.
Maapulo opangidwa kuti azisungira sayenera kuwonongeka pakhungu kapena zamkati. Maapulo owonongeka amatha kugwa ndipo, pomwe akusungidwa, amapatsira spores zowola ku zipatso zabwino.
Kusungidwa kwa Apple
Chonde dziwani kuti si mitundu yonse ya maapulo yomwe ili yoyenera kusunga.. Mitundu yophukira ndi yozizira yokha ndiyomwe imasungidwa bwino. Mwa iwo, kukhwima kwa makasitomala kumachitika pokhapokha nthawi yayitali mukatha kukolola: m'dzinja mitundu itatha masiku 15-30, ndipo nyengo yozizira itatha miyezi 2-6, kutengera mitundu.
Maapulo amasungidwa nthawi yayitali m'malo okhala ndi mpweya wabwino. pa kutentha kwa kutentha kwa 3 ° C ndi chinyezi cha 85-95%. Zinthu zoterezi zimatha kupangidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena mobisa.
Aliyense apulo ndi bwino kudzipatula ku zipatso zina moyandikana ndi iwo, wokutidwa pepala. Mutha kusenda zipatso ndi zinthu zochulukirapo, monga zomangira zamatanda zatsopano, mbewa kapena mchenga, kuti zisalumikizane.
Mitundu yodziwika ya maapulo
Sizovuta kudziwa mitundu, chifukwa masiku ano padziko lapansi pali mitundu yopitilira 20,000 ya mitengo ya maapulo.
Antonovka wamba
Antonovka kwenikweni siosiyana, koma mitundu yomwe imaphatikizapo mitundu monga Antonovka Tula, Aportovaya, Krasnobochka, Dessert, Krupnaya, Mmodzi ndi theka mapaundi ndi ena. Amadyedwa m'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, maapulo amasungidwa mpaka miyezi itatu. Koma m'gululi mulinso mitundu ya chilimwe - Antonovka golide. Zipatso - 120-150 g, kuchokera kuzungulira kuzungulira mpaka mawonekedwe owumbika, okhala ndi fungo lamphamvu; chikasu chofiirira, nthawi zina chofiyira kapena chofiyira chagolide. Kuguza kwake ndi kwamkati, zopukutira, kumakoma bwino. Kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira ndi zipatso zambiri. Scab kukana ndi pamwamba avareji.
Dzuwa
Kuyamba koyambirira kwa nyengo yozizira, zipatso zimasungidwa mpaka February. Hardiness yozizira ndiyambiri. Zosagwirizana ndi Scab, zololera kwambiri. Zipatso ndizapakatikati kukula, kuyambira 130 g mpaka 160 g. Khungu limakhala lachikaso ndi bulashi yowoneka bwino ponse ponse. Guwa limakhala lotsekemera, lonenepa komanso lalitali.
Mwatsopano
Kuchepetsa kwa nyengo yozizira, zipatso zimasungidwa mpaka Meyi-June. Hardiness yozizira ndiyokwera kwambiri. Ogonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi nkhanambo. Zimabweretsa zokolola zabwino chaka chilichonse. Zipatso kuchoka pa 130 mpaka 200 g, chikasu chobiriwira, komanso blush. Guwa ndi lonunkhira bwino, labala wonunkhira bwino, lonunkhira bwino.
Amber
Kuchedwa Kogwiritsa. Hardiness yozizira ndiyambiri. Zachulukidwe ndizokwera pachaka. Zipatso ndizochepa, mpaka 60-70 g. Khungu limakhala la amber-chikasu, ndipo silinena pang'ono. Guwa ndi yowutsa mudyo, wandiweyani, wokongoletsedwa bwino. Kukomerako ndikokoma ndi wowawasa, kwabwino kwambiri.
Alesia
Kuchedwa kwa nthawi yozizira. Hardiness yozizira ndiyambiri. Ogonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi nkhanambo. Nthawi zonse amapereka zokolola zabwino. Zipatsozo zimakhala zazing'onoting'ono - 120-150 g. Khungu limakhala lachikaso ndi lofiirira wowoneka bwino. Kuguza kwake ndi kirimu mchere.
Wokolola Susova
Autumn akuti mowa. Zimauma hardiness ndipamwamba pafupifupi. Zogwirizana ndi nkhanambo. Zachuma ndizambiri, pafupipafupi. Zipatso za kukula kwapakatikati (130-140 g). Khungu limakhala lachikaso ndi mikwaso yofiyira. Guwa ndi loyera, lokwera komanso lalitali.
Mpainiya wa Oryol
Mochedwa chilimwe. Vuto lodana nawo. Imabweretsa kukolola bwino. Zipatso zapakatikati komanso zapamwamba kukula - 135-170 g. Khungu limakhala lachikaso mopepuka, ndi mawanga pinki. Kugwiritsa ntchito zamkati ndizobiriwira, wandiweyani komanso wowutsa mudyo.
Orlovim
Mitundu yambiri yamapeto a chilimwe. Zipatso za kukula kwapakatikati (130-140 g), chikasu chopepuka, ndi bulashi yofiyira. Ubwamuna ndi wowawasa, wonenepa komanso wowutsa mudyo, wokhala ndi fungo lamphamvu. Kukoma ndi kwabwino, kokoma komanso wowawasa. Ndi yozizira kwambiri komanso yolimba kwambiri. Zokolola zimapereka zochuluka.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Apple njenjete - imodzi mwazilombo zowopsa za zipatso za apulo, zimawonongeranso peyala ndi quince.
Kugawidwa kulikonse. Gulugufe ndi yaying'ono, ali ndi mapiko a 14-20 mm.
Ana agalu akulu akulu am'mbuyomu amapezekanso pamakoko a mitengo italiitali, m'ming'alu yokhazikika, ming'alu yakale, ming'alu ya nthaka, posungira zipatso.
Chapakatikati, mbozi zimasenda. Gulugufe amauluka pambuyo pa maluwa apula. Wamkazi amayikira mazira pamalo osalala a masamba ndi zipatso. Mitengo yamapira imawonekera patadutsa masiku 15 mpaka 20 mutamasula zamitundu yoyambirira ya mitengo ya maapulo. Amayilidwa mu chipatso ndipo, akudya mnofu, amasamukira kuchipinda komwe akudya mbewuzo. Zipatso zowonongeka zimakhazikika, titero, zisanachitike; ambiri aiwo amagwa.
Madera akumpoto, njenjetezi imapereka m'badwo umodzi, kum'mwera - awiri - atatu. Mbadwo wachiwiri ndi wachitatu ndi woopsa kwambiri. M'minda yomwe muli ndi njenjete, zipatso zam'mimba nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokolola zambiri.
Njira zoyendetsera. Kumpoto kwa horticulture, mitengo ya zipatso ya zipatso zamalimwe yamalimwe imathiridwa mankhwala othira mankhwala kawiri, nthawi yozizira - itatu. Kupopera koyamba kumatha masiku 15 mpaka 20 kutulutsa maluwa.
Ikani mankhwala amodzi (g pa 10 malita a madzi): anti - 25% (20); Rogor (phosphamide) - 40% (20); Fozalon - 35% (20); chlorophos - 80% (20); trichloromethaphos - 50% (15); phthalafos - 20% (30), Zomera zimathandizidwanso patatha masiku 10-12. Mu zaka zabwino chitukuko cha njenjete, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa mitundu itatu ya mitengo ya maapulo patadutsa masiku 10 - 10 kuphatikiza yachiwiri ndi sevine 85% (15 g pa 10 l yamadzi) siyikuphatikizidwa.
Gulugufe wokhala ndi mapiko oyera m'mitsemtse yakuda, mapiko a mapiko 6.5 masentimita akuluakulu. Utoto wachikulire ndi wotuwa, kutalika kwa 4.5 cm, wokutidwa ndi tsitsi, mikwingwirima yakuda ndi iwiri yofiirira imadutsa kumbuyo, mutu wakuda ndi miyendo. Imawononga mitengo yonse yazipatso, zipatso.
Tizilombo tating'ono nthawi yozizira m'mazizira a masamba omangidwa ndi tsamba ndikuyimitsidwa pamtengo wazipatso.
Njira zoyendetseraKuchotsa zisa za nyengo yozizira pamitengo ndi kugwetsa mayendedwe. Kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwonongedwa kwa ovipositions. Kumwaza mbewu nthawi yamaluwa komanso nthawi yotuluka kwa mbozi kuchokera ku mazira. Mankhwalawa ikuchitika ndi infusions wa chowawa, fodya, chamomile mankhwala, kukonza kukonzekera - Antobacterin, dendrobacellin (youma ufa, titer 30 biliyoni spores. 60-100 g, wetting ufa, titer 60 biliyoni spores, 30-50 g). Kwambiri, - mankhwala ophera tizilombo, - 10% ke ndi s.p., malathion (75-90 g), 10% ke isp benzophosphate (60 g), 25% ke.orovikurt (10 g).
Green apulosi aphid: Zowonongeka mtengo wa apulo, peyala, phulusa la kumapiri. Tizilombo tosintha mosakwanira. Masamba mu gawo la dzira. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nsabwe za m'masamba, masamba amapunduka ndikufa, mphukira zimawongoka ndipo zimatha kuwuma. Masamba owonongeka mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe amaphimbidwa ndi ma soot deposits ndipo amawonekera bwino.
Njira zoyendetseraKuchotsa mphukira zoyambira ndi mphukira zonenepa ndi mazira a aphid. Kukonza mitengo kuchokera ku khungwa lakale, ndikutsuka ndikutsuka ndi mkaka wa laimu kapena matope / laimu ndi laimu (2-3 KS ya dongo ndipo ine,, laimu kupita kwa I) .h ndimatuluka). Analoleza kuphukira koyambirira (asanaphukire) ndi nitrafen (200-300 /.). Kumayambiriro kwa budding, mankhwalawa amachitika ndi kulowetsedwa kwa fodya kapena mbewu zina zophera tizilombo, ndi sopo yankho. Mwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, karbofos (10% K.E. ndi S.P., 75-90 g), 25% K, E. Rovikurt (10 g), 10% C-P angagwiritsidwe ntchito. benzophosphate (60 g). Ngati ndi kotheka (ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha nsabwe za m'masamba), mankhwalawa amabwerezedwanso pagawo lodzipatula. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti chida chachilengedwe komanso chothandiza ndizophatikiza ma ladybugs ndi kumasulidwa kwawo m'mundamo.
Nkhanambo ya Apple mapeyala ndi amodzi mwa matenda oyipa kwambiri, oyipa kwambiri. Zimakhudza masamba, maluwa, zipatso, ndi peyalayi zimakhala ndi mphukira zazing'ono, makamaka zaka zonyowa komanso zotentha kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi chilimwe. M'madera okhala ndi ouma nyengo simakhala yofala.Masamba omwe akhudzidwa ndi nkhanambo, ayambe kuwoneka malo owoneka bwino okhala ndi duwa lofiirira. Pambuyo pake, pogonjetsedwa kwambiri, masamba amafa. Malo akuda kapena akuda bii amaoneka pazipatso. Zipatso zimakonda kusweka (makamaka peyala), ndipo ndi zilonda zoyambirira zimakhala mbali imodzi. Kukana kuzizira kwa mitengo yomwe idakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nkhanambo kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Kutupa kochepa kumawonekera pakhungwa la mphukira za peyala, ndipo nthawi zina mtengo wa maapozi, makungwa amaboweka ndi masamba, chilonda chowoneka, nthawi zambiri chimatsogolera kuphedwa kwa kuwomberako.
Njira zoyendetsera: Yoyang'ana kwambiri nkhanambo iyenera kuteteza mitengo kuti isatenge matenda oyamba a ascospore komanso kupewa kufalikira kwa matendawa m'chilimwe. Kuwonongeka kwa nyengo yachisanu cha nkhanambo kukufika pamlingo wina wochita kuphukira (masamba atagwa) pakukumba mzerewo ndikuzungulira pokumbika pafupi ndi tsinde, popeza masamba ambiri omwe adagwa ayikidwa m'nthaka. M'minda yaying'ono, chizolowezi chosonkhanitsa ndi kuwononga masamba omwe adagwa ndi zipatso zosemedwa. Masamba osonkhanawo amatha kuyikidwa pansi, kompositi, kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakama kapena kuwotchedwa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti masamba atagona m'malo owuma kapena yokutidwa ndi nthaka, spore sakhazikika, ndipo masamba oterewa sakhala pachiwopsezo pakufalikira kwa nkhanambo. Mukatola masamba, kukuta dothi mosamala. M'minda yomwe yakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nkhanambo, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yophukira masamba asanatseguke, mitengo ndi dothi zimafafanizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera nkhanu. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito DNOC kapena nitrafen. Kuti mupeze kufunika kwake, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse masamba okugwa bwino. Utsi uwu umatchedwa kutha. Cholinga chake ndikuwononga magawo a nyengo yachisanu ya tizirombo (mazira a nthula, ma aphid, ndi zina ...). Kuti muteteze masamba, zipatso ndi mphukira kuti zisawonongeke, mitengo imapakidwa ma fungicides kangapo panthawi yonse ya kukula. Kukhalapo kwa fungicides pamtunda wa masamba achinyamata ndi zipatso zokulirapo, ngakhale zazing'ono kwambiri, kumayambitsa imfa ya kuphukira kwa spores. Ndikwabwino kupopera mitengo mvula isanabwere kapena pambuyo pake, chifukwa spores imatha kumera pakakhala chinyezi. Mwa mankhwala othandizira nkhanambo, madzi am'madzi a bordeaux amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso mafangasi ena omwe amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zapakhomo.Kutayamba kuphukira (gawo lanthete yobiriwira), mitengo imapakidwa (kutulutsa kwa buluu) ndi 3 - 4% Bordeaux madzimadzi kapena pakukula - gawo lodzipatula masamba amagwiritsa 1% Bordeaux madzi. Kupopera kwachiwiri kumachitika mukangotulutsa maluwa limodzi ndi fungusides amodzi: 1% Bordeaux madzi, cineb, chloride zamkuwa, kaputeni, phthalan, kapu ya sodium, colloidal sulfure, etc. Mwa zokonzekera zatsopanozi, amadziwika bwino pothana ndi nkhanambo ya apulo ndi chorus ndi liwiro. . Kuphatikiza apo, pamtengo wa apulo, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito prepaoates monga Vectra, cuproxate, mycosan. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pothana ndi ufa wa mitengo ya maapulo. Kachitatu mitengo ikamadzala patadutsa masiku 15 mpaka 20 kuchokera pa maluwa (nthawi yomweyo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pa nthenga ya apulo.) Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Bordeaux madzi ndi mkuwa oxychloride nthawi yamalimwe imatha kupalasa ukonde wazipatso ndikuwotcha masamba.
© Muffet
Mtengo wa apulo ndiye kukongola ndi kunyada kwa minda yathu. Mtengo wa apulo ndiwokongola masika pachimake, ndipo m'dzinja lokhala ndi zipatso. Chikhalidwe ichi ndicofala m'minda yamkati mwa Russia. Maapulo patebulo lathu chaka chonse: nthawi ya chilimwe, mitundu ya chilimwe, kenako yophukira, ndipo masiku achisanu gome lathu limakongoletsedwa ndi maapulo amitundu yozizira. Palibe zipatso zomwe zimasungidwa mwatsopano ngati maapulo - mpaka masika, kapena ngakhale mbewu zatsopano.
