Heliconia (Heliconia) - chomera chowoneka bwino cha banja la dzina lomwelo. Malo ake achilengedwe ndi malo otentha akumpoto chakumwera kwa America, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Pali lingaliro kuti chomera chimatchedwa Mount Helikon, pomwe, malinga ndi nthano zachi Greek, mamesito okongola adakhalako.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Heliconia ndi wamtali wamtali wamtali (mpaka 3 mita) wokhala ndi chizimba champhamvu komanso pseudostem wopangidwa ndi masamba akulu, okutalaku. Mwapangidwe, kutulutsa ndi lingaliro la makonzedwe, masamba a heliconia ali ofanana ndi masamba a nthochi. Kusiyana kuli m'makonzedwe awo a mizere iwiri pa tsinde.
Heliconia imakula mwachangu, ndipo imamera pachaka chachiwiri. Mwakutero, inflorescence imapangidwa pagawo lililonse la muzu lomwe limanyamula tsinde ndi masamba. Mu heliconia, nyengo yam'mbuyomu maluwa ndiyodabwitsa. Maluwa pawokha amatenga limodzi ndi kukula kwa chidwi cha tsinde, lofupikitsidwa mu gawo lazomera. Mphukira, ngati kuti ikadzuka, imang'amba mwachangu mbali yamkati ya nyini ndikubweretsa pamtunda mawonekedwe okongola, osazolowereka, ozungulira kapena ofukula inflorescence. Amapangidwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono ambiri, obisika mosamala masamba, otchedwa mabatani. Chomera chimawoneka kuti chamanyazi ndi kusadziwika kwawo komanso kudalirika kwawo.
Masamba ophimba amakhala achikuda mumitundu yosiyanasiyana: ofiira owala, lalanje, pinki ndi wachikasu. Mwa mitundu ina, m'mphepete mwa tsamba lamasamba oyambira masamba amathandizidwa ndi malire achikasu kapena obiriwira. Kuphika kwa sera kumathandizira kuti masamba azikhala obiriwira bwino komanso osalala. Zonsezi zimawonjezera kukongoletsa kwa masamba ophimba. Ndi masamba awa omwe ambiri amatenga maluwa.
Kapangidwe koyambirira ka inflorescences ndi kufanana kwa tsinde ndi masamba a heliconium ndi nyama zina ndi zomera, mwachitsanzo, nthochi kapena strelitzia, ndimtundu wa chiyambi cha mayina a maluwa ena: parrot beak, bulster claw, mbalame yonyenga ya paradiso.
Heliconium chisamaliro kunyumba
Malo ndi kuyatsa
Heliconia, monga mbewu zina zokhala m'malo otentha, imakonda kuwala kowala koma kosasangalatsa. Kwa kanthawi kochepa, duwa limatha kukhala lowonekera dzuwa.
Kutentha
Kutentha kokwanira bwino kwa mbewu zikukula kuyambira pa 22 mpaka 26 digiri chaka chonse. M'nyengo yozizira, malire a kutentha kololedwa sayenera kukhala pansi pa 18 digiri. Heliconia sakonda mpweya wothamanga ndipo imawopa kusodza.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Heliconia imafunikira chinyezi chambiri mchipindacho. Ngati mpweya m'chipindacho ndi wouma, masamba ayenera amafafiliridwa kamodzi pa tsiku. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito pallet yokhala ndi kermazit yodzadza ndimadzi. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti pansi pamphika sikukhudza madzi. Heliconia imamva bwino mu malo osungirako zachilengedwe komanso malo obiriwira.
Kuthirira
Nthawi yamasika ndi chilimwe, heliconia imafunika kuthirira yambiri, monga dothi lapamwamba mumphika limaphika. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, koma ndizosatheka kulola kuyanika kwathunthu kwa dothi.
Dothi
Mulingo woyenera wa dothi pobzala komanso kukula kwa heliconia: tsamba, turf, nthaka ndi mchenga malinga ndi 2: 1: 1: 1.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Seputembala, heliconium imadyetsedwa kamodzi pamwezi ndi feteleza wama mineral. M'nyengo yozizira, mmera suyenera kuphatikizidwa.
Thirani
Heliconia imasinthidwa pachaka mchaka. Pankhaniyi, chidebe chatsopano chimasankhidwa kwambiri kuposa chomaliza, chosachepera 5. cm. Dambo labwino limayikidwa pansi pa mphika.
Kufalitsa kwa Heliconia
Heliconia nthawi zambiri imafalitsidwa ndi mbewu, kugawa kwa rhizome kapena magawo.
Asanafesere, mbewu za heliconium zimanyowetsedwa kwa masiku 3-4 m'madzi otentha (60-70 madigiri) madzi. Pazifukwa izi, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito thermos. Pambuyo akuwukha, kufesa kumachitika. Mbewu zimayikidwa m'mabokosi odzazidwa ndi mchenga komanso peat, ndikuziwulitsa ndi masentimita 1.5-2. Mabokosiwo adakutidwa ndi zinthu zopanda mpweya, ndikupanga malo obisika. Nthawi ndi nthawi, thankiyo imakhala yotsekemera komanso kupukutidwa ndi pamwamba. Kuwombera kumawonekera pakatha miyezi 4.
Mukafalitsa heliconia mwakugawika kwa mpweya kapena matendawo, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti chomera chokhacho chili ndi mizu yolimba. Kenako, pezani ana anu mosamala ndi maunyolo ndi kumizidwa mumphika wina. Ikani mphikawo ndi chomeracho pamalo amdima, otentha komanso otentha kwambiri.
Kuti muzutse bwino zipatso kumafunika kuthirira moyenera, ndipo mu mpweya wouma mumphika wokhala ndi chomeracho wokutidwa ndi kapu pulasitiki wokhala ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono. Kanemayo amachotsedwa pokhapokha kuwonekera kwa zophuka (mkati mwa masabata 1-3). Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti masamba achomera asakhudze mawonekedwe a filimuyo.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Heliconia samadwala kwenikweni, koma amatha kuwonongeka ndi nkhanambo ndi nthata za akangaude.
Chiperechi chimadya zipatso zamadzuyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti masamba asinthe, kuwuma kwawo komanso kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono. Masamba omwe amakhudzidwa ndi scabard amawachotsa ndi sopo, kenako ndi madzi owonjezera (1-2 ml pa 1 lita imodzi) yamadzi.
Maonekedwe a mikwingwirima pachomera, masamba ake amakhala oopsa ndipo amagwa - umboni wakuwukira kwa kangaude. Monga lamulo, izi zimachitika ngati mbewuyo imasungidwa mu chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wouma kwambiri. Potere, duwa limapulumutsidwa ndikutsuka ndi sopo ndikuwotcha pansi pofunda. Popewa kuyambiranso, mbewuyo imathiridwa madzi nthawi zonse.
