Kufotokozera. Munkhaniyi, wolemba adalakwitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "Ephedra" pokhudzana ndi conifers. Tinawongolera cholakwikachi, koma tikufuna kumveketsa bwino malingaliro awa.
Ephedra, kapena ephedra (Ephedra) - mtundu wa zitsamba kalasi Yotsutsa, mtundu wokha wa banja lake Ephedra, kapena Ephedra (Ephedraceae) ndi dongosolo lake Ephedra, kapena Ephedra (Ephedrales).
Conifers (Pinophyta kapena Coniferae) - imodzi mwa madipatimenti 13-14 a ufumu wa mbewu, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zamimba zam'mimba, mbewu zomwe zimapanga ma cones. Oimira ena ngati mkungudza, mkuyu, fir, msunthi, larch, spruce, paini, mahogany, yew ndi ng'ombe.
Zimachitika momwe mumaganizira kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, koma nthawi yophukira masingano awo amasanduka ofiira, otuwa, kenako nkugwa. Kodi izi zikuchitikira chiyani?
Nthawi zambiri izi zikuwonetsa kuti mbewu zanu zidwala shute. Kwa matenda, imakwanira singano zingapo zamatenda, zomwe sizikuwoneka bwino korona wa mtengo wachikulire.
Chifukwa chake, musanabzalire mbewu zazing'ono pafupi ndi abale awo okhwima, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana momwe mbeu za akulu ziliri. Mwina ndi omwe amayambitsa mavuto azisamba za ana.
Schütte ndi gulu la matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bowa yambiri. Zimakhudza mitengo yazaka zilizonse, koma ndizowopsa kwa achinyamata. Bowa wina amasinthidwa ndikukula pa chomera chimodzi chokha, pomwe ena amatha kutulutsa angapo.
Pine wamwamuna wamba
Mbande ndi mbande za zaka 6 zimadwala pine shute. Chapakatikati, masiku 3-9 chisanu chitasungunuka (kotentha, koyambirira), singano zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimasandulika zofiira ndikufa. Mikwingwirima yakuda yambiri imawonekera pa iyo, ndipo kuyambira kumapeto kwa Juni - mapilo akuda ozungulira, m'mphepete mwake omwe amakhala olumikizidwa nthawi zambiri.
Pine shute wamba. © Petr KapitolaMatendawa amatha kuonekera m'njira zosiyana: pamaini pa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi mpaka atakalamba, pafupifupi mwezi kapena kupitirira chisanu chisungunuke, limaphulika ndikufa mpaka theka la magawo a pansi a singano. Pafupi kugwa, pa singano zomwe zagwa kale, mapira akuda amapezeka, olekanitsidwa ndi mizere yopyapyala.
Spherete wamba wa Shute
Wamba spruce shute amapezeka mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamtunduwu. Zimachitika ndi chinyezi chambiri. M'chilimwe, singano zimayamba kusanduka zachikaso, kenako kukhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira kapena wofiirira, wamtali, wamtali kapena wonyezimira, wokwera mpaka mapiritsi a 3.5 mm kutalika kwake. Masingaliro okufa amakhalabe atapachikidwa pa mphukira.
Kawirikawiri shute spruce. © arboristikaPine matalala shute
Zotseka za chipale chofewa ndizowopsa kwa mitengo yomwe imaphimbidwa ndi chipale chofewa, chifukwa pathogen imayamba pansi pa chisanu nthawi yozizira pamatenthedwe mpaka 5 madigiri. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zowonongeka zimapezeka nthawi yomweyo chisanu chitasungunuka: singano zimakulungidwa mumafilimu akhungu loyera lomwe limagwa mwachangu, ndikupeza mtundu wowoneka bwino kapena wofiyira.
Matalala a chipale chofewa.
Matalala a chipale chofewa. © Technische Universität München 
Matalala a chipale chofewa.
M'nyengo yotentha, singano zokuvulazidwa zimawala, zitakutidwa ndi timiyala tating'ono tating'ono, ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira imasanduka phulusa, yofinya komanso yosalimba. Ma tubercles ang'ono akuda amatuluka, omwe, atasungunuka, amawoneka ngati nyenyezi.
Kuphatikiza pa paini, matendawa amayambitsa chiwopsezo cha paini wa mkungudza, spruce, ndi juniper.
Shute Fir
Schütte fir imapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe achikaso azikongola. Pambuyo pake, singano zonse zimasanduka zofiirira kapena zachikasu. Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe, mbali yakuda ya singano, makatani ozungulira, osalaza, otumphukira kapena opendekera pang'ono amakula mpaka 1-1,5 mm kutalika. Singano zakufa zimapachikika kumapeto mpaka kuphukira.
Juniper Shute
Juniper Schütte - matenda omwe mabala ovulala kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe amapeza mtundu wachikasu kapena wofiirira. Kumbali yakumunsi kwake mapiritsi akuda ozungulira mpaka 2 mm amapangika, malekezero awo nthawi zambiri amaphatikizana.
Juniper Shute © Paľo °Ma singano odera
Kukutira kwa singano ndi mphukira za thuja chakumadzulo ndi matenda pomwe mbali izi za mbewu zimasanduka zofiirira, zimakutidwa ndi madontho akuda ambiri obalalika akutuluka kuwonekera pakhungu.
Brown shute
Sete yofiirira ya Coniferous imavulaza fir, spruce, pine, thuja, juniper, makamaka m'malo amenewo momwe chipale chambiri chimadziunjikira ndipo sichisungunuka kwa nthawi yayitali. Zizindikiro zoyambirira - zokutira zonenepa - zotumphukira - zimapezeka nthawi yomweyo chisanu chitasungunuka. Ma singano amatembenukira bulawuni, kufa, koma, atamangidwa mu mycelium, sagwa nthawi yayitali.
Brown shute. © RoháčeMomwe akumenyera?
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda pakadutsa matenda a Schute, nthawi zambiri, zomera zodwala kapena singano zakugwa, kuphatikiza zomwe zili kunja kwa malire anu.
Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimabwezeretseka pang'ono, koma m'zaka zotsatira, monga lamulo, zimadwalanso. Popeza mitengo yofooka imakhudzidwa makamaka, malo oyenera ayenera kupangidwa kuti ikule ndikukula kwa ma conifers.
Chapakatikati, kuti tifulumizire kusungunuka kwa chipale chofewa, kufalitsa zinyalala za peat kapena phulusa pamwamba pa chophimba cha chipale chofewa - izi zidzachepetsa matenda.
Thirani mitengo mu nthawi ya masika maluwa atatseguka ndi 1% Bordeaux fluid kapena nsonga ya Abiga (40-50 g pa 10 malita a madzi).
Ndipo koposa zonse, musanagule ma conifers, fufuzani: kodi pali vuto kuti mbewu zazing'ono patsamba lanu? Ndikosavuta kupewa matenda kuposa kulimbana ndi shute.
