Zomera zamkati zomwe zimatha kukula ngakhale m'malo opanda magetsi wowunikira popanda kuwononga kukongola kwa masamba ndi kukongola kwa maluwa ali pachimake masiku ano. Ndipo izi zimachitika osati chifukwa choti zikhalidwe zotere nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda ulemu. Kubweretsa mbewu mkati, kugwiritsa ntchito osangogwiritsa ntchito pazenera, komanso m'zipinda kumafunikira kusankha kwamphamvu kwa mbewu. Si maonekedwe okongola onse omwe ali okonzekera kuyatsa padera m'malo okongola kwambiri komanso gawo lodzikongoletsera. Mwamwayi, pakati pa mbewu zamkati pali zikhalidwe zambiri zomwe zimatha kuwerengedwa kuti ndizolekerera komanso zokhala ndi mthunzi. Amabweretsa zofananira komanso zowoneka bwino zobiriwira pakukongoletsa nyumba iliyonse.
Zomera kumbuyo kwa chipindacho.
Zithunzi Zamtundu Ndi Ndalama Zawo
Zikhalidwe zachikondi zamasiku ano zotchuka zimatha kufananizidwa mosavuta ndi mitundu yamaluwa yowoneka bwino kwambiri ndi zotulutsa. Mosiyana ndi omaliza, safuna kusankhidwa mosamalitsa kwa momwe zinthu zikukula ndipo, monga lamulo, zimasinthana bwino ndi mikhalidwe yakutsogolo kwa chipindacho, kulandira kuwunikira kochulukirapo kangapo poyerekeza ndi zikhalidwe zamkati za mtundu wakalewo. Zomera zoterezi zimakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zobiriwira zobiriwira mkati.
Mthunzi wathunthu, wopanda kuwala, palibe ngakhale chomera cholimba kwambiri chomwe chimatha kukula. Koma zofunikira pakupanga kuwala kochepa kwambiri komanso kuthekera kokulitsa mbewu pakuwunikira mochita bwino monga momwe zimakhalira pazenera, kumatilola kuwonetsa gulu la mitundu yapadziko lonse yomwe ikhoza kuwonetsedwa komwe mungakonde. Ngati zikhalidwe za Photophilous zimafuna kuwala kosavuta kwa 10,000 lux, ndiye kuti wopirira mthunzi amatha kuzindikira ndi 500 mpaka 1000 lux. Ndikotheka nthawi zonse kuyeza mulingo wapadera wowunikira mothandizidwa ndi mita yowunikira kapena chithunzi chowonekera, koma palinso njira zosavuta. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mtunda wokwera kwambiri kuchokera kuzomera zakuda zamkati kuchokera kumawindo ndi 2 mamita kuchokera kumpoto ndi 3 mamita kuchokera pazenera la mtundu wina. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kuzolowera mikhalidwe yotere, mbewu zokhala ndi mthunzi zimapangitsa kukongoletsa zipinda zophunzirira, ngodya zogona, bafa, malo ena ndi malo okhala mchipinda chochezera.
Ngakhale magwiridwe antchito ofunikira, osasinthika komanso osasinthika, mbewu zokonda mthunzi zimadziwika ndi ambiri monga gulu lotopetsa kwambiri la zokolola zamkati, ngakhale zili choncho kwa iwo kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopanga ndi mawonekedwe. Mithunzi yapadera yobiriwira yomwe imadziwika ndi mbewu zonse zamtundu wa herbaceous imawonekera ngakhale kuti kusintha kwa malowa ndi masentimita ochepa chabe kumasintha kukula kwa mawonekedwe omwe amawonekera pamasamba kapena mthunzi wamtundu wa masamba.
Zomera kumbuyo kwa chipindacho.
Pakuwunika ndi kukongoletsa kuya kwa zipinda, mbewu zokhala ndi mthunzi komanso zolocha mthunzi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngakhale mawonekedwe ofanana potengera kuthekera kwokhoza kuzolowera kuyatsa pang'ono, mbewu izi sizimafanana. Zomera zokhala ndi masamba sizingakule m'malo owunikiridwa, ndipo mwachilengedwe zimakonda kuyatsa kwapadera. Koma zikhalidwe zololera mthunzi ndizo ngolo zenizeni za chipinda zomwe zimamverera bwino mu mthunzi, mumthunzi pang'ono, komanso kuwunikira kowoneka bwino.
Ngakhale kuti zikhalidwe zomwe zili ndi chiyambi chimodzi zimatha kuwonetsa zofunikira zosiyana pamlingo wa kuunikira, mbewu zolocha mthunzi zimatha kupezeka nthawi zambiri pakati pazomera zotentha komanso zam'mlengalenga, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zikhale zokhutira ndi kuwunikira kochepa chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwamatanda ndi mipesa m'malo awo achilengedwe. Zowona kuti mbewu zimatha kusintha ngakhale mithunzi yakuya sizimawonetsedwa nthawi zonse ndi chidziwitso. Chitsogozo chitha kukhala chikumbutso kuti mbewu zimamasuka pazenera zakumpoto kapena zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magetsi opaka kwathunthu. Zomera zomwe zimafunikira nthawi yayitali yopumira pamthunzi sizingaganizidwe ndi okonda mthunzi, chifukwa pachimake chokongoletsera chake amayenera kuwululidwa pang'ono kuti ayipitse kuyatsa.
Tiyeni tiwone zina mwa mbewu zabwino kwambiri zololera pamthunzi:
1. Mkulu wa aspidistra (Aspidistra elatior)
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zokongoletsera bwino komanso zochititsa chidwi kwambiri panyumba. Kukongola kwa masamba a aspidistra, ngati kuti kumalowedwa ndi ufa wabwino woyera, kumawoneka kokhazikika komanso kwachilendo nthawi imodzi. Koma ngati mukufuna kumera mbewuyi pamtunda ndikuyiyika patali ndi sill, ndiye ndibwino kulabadira mitundu yonse yomwe ili ndi mtundu woyera wobiriwira, kapena kukonzekera kutayidwa kwa mitundu yoyera ya proidistra. Kuchokera pa miniz yakuda imawoneka masamba atali-owoneka bwino okhala ndi maupangiri, opanga mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso owoneka bwino kwambiri. Maonekedwe awo amafanana ndi maluwa a m'chigwacho. Maluwa a Aspidistra, akuwoneka pafupi ndi nthaka pansi pa masamba, ndi osawoneka bwino ngakhale kuti ndi oyera.
Mkulu wa aspidistra (Aspidistra elatior).
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomera zonyansa kwambiri zakunyumba zomwe zimamva bwino kwambiri m'malo amdima kwambiri. Mwayi wawukulu wa aspidistra ndi chisamaliro chosavuta: sichisamala kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, chinyezi ndipo sikutanthauza chisamaliro chapadera. M'nyengo yotentha, katsitsumzukwa amathanso kutengedwa kupita kumweya wabwino. Chokhacho chomwe mbewu iyi sichimakonda ndi kusayenda kwamadzi ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Ndipo chokhacho chingabwezeretse kufunika kopatsa mbewuyo nyengo yozizira yozizira pa kutentha kosachepera 12-15 digiri Celsius.
2. Crested chlorophytum (Chlorophytum comosum)
Amayesedwa moyenerera kuti ndi imodzi mwazomera zabwino kwambiri zamkati. Popanda chlorophytum, ndizosatheka kulingalira kapangidwe kake kopanda nyumba kapena ofesi. Chomera chowoneka bwino, chokhala ndi masamba okongola a losolate mu rosette wokulirapo, ndikupanga mikanda yayitali osati ndi inflorescence, komanso ndi mbewu za mwana wamkazi zomwe zimatha kuzika mizu, ndi ya mbewu zomwe mawonekedwe ake ndi odziwika pafupifupi. Ngakhale chlorophytum ikuwoneka kuti siyingadabwe, mitundu yambiri yatsopano yazomera yokhala ndi masamba opindika kapena ofanana omwe amafanana ndi masamba a chard kapena masamba a sipinachi imasangalatsa aliyense, osanenapo za mitundu ya motley ya ma hybrids amakono. Chlorophytum ndi yabwino mumphika komanso mchikhalidwe chochulukirapo, sichingatayidwe mkati mwake. Kutalika kwake, mbewu ndizochepa masentimita 40 okha, chifukwa cha mikwingwirima yotchuka amatha kuphimba zigawo zodabwitsa ndikupanga makaseti owoneka modabwitsa.
Crested Chlorophytum (Chlorophytum comosum).
Chlorophytum ndi imodzi mwa mbewu zolimba komanso zosakoma m'nyumba zomwe zimatha kupirira chilichonse. Amapirira bwino osati ndi zowunikira zowerengeka, komanso ndi mthunzi wakuya. Zowona, chifukwa chaichi, kusinthaku, kuzolowera kutsitsa kuyenera kukhala kwapang'onopang'ono: kusintha kwakuthwa mu machitidwe a chlorophytum kumapangitsa kuti kutaya kwakukulu kukongoletse. Ngati mbeu zing'onozing'ono zimakulidwa pamtanda, palibe vuto. Chlorophytum imamva bwino nthawi yotentha komanso nthawi yozizira, imalekerera ngakhale mpweya wouma kwambiri ndipo ndiosavuta kusamalira. Chokhacho chomwe muyenera kusamalira ndikupewa chilala komanso kuthirira kwamadzi kwa gawo lapansi, osayiwala kupopera mbewu nthawi zonse ndikuyang'anira momwe zilili.
3. Kusintha kwa aglaonema (Aglaonema commutatum)
Kukongola kwa mkati kwamtunduwu kumatha kupereka kusankha kwakukulu kwa mitundu ndi mitundu yokhala ndi mawonekedwe kapena mitundu ya masamba. Masamba a lanceolate, achikaso, chowumbirira, obiriwira owala, okongoletsedwa ndi siliva, chikaso, imvi, mawanga amchere ndi mikwingwirima, masamba a aglaonema amapanga tchire lokongola modabwitsa. Pofika pamtunda wamtali masentimita 30 mpaka 60, chomera chamtchire chikuwoneka kuti chili ndi masamba okhazikitsidwa bwino omwe amapanga sod wokongola, tsinde silikhala losaoneka. Mithunzi yamtundu wobiriwira ndi siliva nthawi zonse imawoneka yatsopano komanso yokongola. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino kwambiri, aglaonema amatha kuphuka ngakhale mchipinda, ndikupanga inflorescence-cobs ndi choyera-mabedi oyera. Ngakhale kukongola kwa mitundu ya siliva komanso chizolowezi chofuna kutaya pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, aglaonema sataya kukongoletsa kwake ngakhale m'malo otetezeka kwambiri.
Kusintha kwa aglaonema (Aglaonema commutatum).
Chikhalidwe chololera mthunzi choterochi chimatha kutchedwa chomera chopanda tanthauzo. Aglaonema imasinthasintha bwino pafupifupi kuwunikira kulikonse, bola kutentha kwa chipinda sikutsike madigiri 16 ndipo kumakhalabe madigiri 20 mpaka 25. Kutsirira pafupipafupi, kusunga chinyezi chanthawi zonse osakokomeza, kuvala zovala zapamwamba kawirikawiri - ndizo zonse zomwe mbewuyi imafunikira.
4. Epipremnum (Epipremnum)
Imodzi mwa mipesa yabwino kwambiri yamkati Epipremnum (Epipremnum), yomwe kale imadziwika kuti scindapsus, imawonetsa luso losasinthika kwambiri komanso imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu mu ecodeign, makamaka, kupanga makoma obiriwira. Epipremnum, yotalika kutalika kwa 3 mita, imatha kukulitsa ndi kudzaza malo aulere ndi liwiro lodabwitsa. Koma talente ya chomera chokwera sichingokhala ndi izi. Ndipo mumphika, atathandizira kuti thandizolo lakhazikitsidwa, ndipo "kuthengo" mbewu iyi yamkati imatha kutulutsa mphukira mpaka 6 m. Masamba akulu, owotcha okhala ndi maziko okhala ndi mtima komanso chisonyezo chololeza m'mitengo ya achikulire amatha kukula mpaka theka la mita. Mwa ma epipremnums pali ma liana okhala ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino wobiriwira, komanso zitsanzo zosiyanitsidwa bwino zokhala ndi mitundu yoyera kapena yachikasu yomwe imawoneka ngati utoto wa utoto. Cirrus epipremnum (Epipremnum pinnatum) ndi epipremnum (Epipremnum aureum) amadziwika ndi kulolera kwapaderadera.
Epipremnum feathery "Neon" (Epipremnum pinnatum 'Neon').
Ngakhale masamba ake ndiopatsa chidwi, epipremnum ali ndi luso lotha kupirira nyengo iliyonse yomwe ikukula. Ikasungidwa m'chipinda chofunda komanso kutetezedwa kuti isazizire kwambiri, mbewuyo imatha kutengera kuwala kulikonse kuchokera padzuwa lowala kupita pamitundu ina. Ndipo ngakhale mumtundu wamitundu mitundu ya masamba osakhalitsa amatha kutaya masamba awo pamasamba, izi sizipangitsa tsamba la epipremnum kukhala lokongola komanso lopanda masamba. Kusamalira chomera ichi ndikosavuta, koma kumafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse ndikovala pamwamba.
5. Alocasia (Alocasia)
Mitengo yokongoletsera ya tropicanka alocasia imapambana ndi kukongola kwa masamba akulu okongoletsedwa ndi mitsempha ya kirimu ndi kuwala. Zowoneka modabwitsa komanso zokopa, kukongola uku kumakhala ngati zonse zimakhala ndi mizere yakuthwa ndi kusiyanasiyana. Kufikira kutalika kuchokera hafu ya mita mpaka pafupifupi mamita, alocasia imadabwitsanso mawonekedwe a kakulidwe, chifukwa kamera kamene kamakula kamakula. Mu zobiriwira za alocasia, zonse zili bwino - zonse mawonekedwe ndi mitundu. Masamba amatuluka ndi petioles zazitali komanso zopyapyala, zazikulu kwambiri, zokhazikika pamtima zokhala ndi nsonga yowoneka ndi mano akulu osasamba m'mphepete. Pamalo akuda kwambiri a mbale, mitundu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya alocasia imatha kukhala yobiriwira mpaka siliva, utoto wofiirira, maonekedwe owala kwambiri, opatula malovu akulu ngati chithunzi. Makina otsetsereka a pansi sawoneka bwino chifukwa cha sheen wonyezimira. Mu alocasia zamitundu ina, masamba amagwera nthawi yozizira, koma mitundu yosakanizidwa bwino kwambiri yosakanizidwa imasunga masamba ake pachaka chonse.
Amazonia alocasia (Alocasia amazonica).
Kukula alocasia sikophweka. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomera zomwe sizingayime kwambiri, zomwe zimatha kupirira mthunzi uliwonse. Koma chifukwa cha izi, alocasia imapangitsa zambiri pazofuna chisamaliro. Palibe zodabwitsa kuti imatengedwa ngati chikhalidwe, kulima komwe kumakhala kotheka kwa alimi odziwa. Kwa alocasia, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa osati chinyezi chambiri chokha, komanso kayendetsedwe kabwino ka kutentha, chinyezi chadothi chofanana, chomwe sichingasokonezedwe kaya kuyanika kunja kapena kumayimitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, chomeracho chimayenera kuwona nthawi yokhala matalala, kuyang'anira gawo lapansi ndikuwonetsetsa masamba ndi mphukira. Ngakhale molingana ndi zofunikira za gawo lapansi, alocasia ndiwopindulitsa kwambiri, chifukwa imatha kukhazikika munthaka yokha, ikapangidwa chimodzimodzi ndi gawo lapadera la orchid.
6. Soleirolia, kapena Gelksine (Soleirolia soleirolii)
Chomera chomwe chili ndi mawonekedwe ake chimafanana ndi malo okhala ndi udzu wocheperako ndipo chimakhala udzu wokhala ndi udzu wokhazikika, wogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chachipinda ndikupanga mapilo kapena "zisoti" zokhala ndi mawonekedwe opindika komanso masamba ang'onoang'ono owongoka. Adapeza kulekerera kwawo mdziko lakwawo, ku Sardinia ndi Corsica, komwe ankakonda kumera pathanthwe pakati pa miyala ndi miyala, m'malo omata kwambiri. Dzuwa, izi sizikula, koma m'chipinda, ngati pakufunika, chimasinthika kukhala malo owala ndi mthunzi wocheperako. Koma, komabe, chinthu chokongola kwambiri ndikuwoneka mchere mumithunzi. Pilo yokhotakhota yamafuta imagwira ntchito modabwitsa kutali ndi zenera la sill. Kuphatikiza pa chomera chomwe chili ndi mtundu wobiriwira woyambira, lero pakati pa zojambula zamchere pali mitundu yokhala ndi masamba a siliva ndi golide, koma mumtambo masamba amchere omwe ali ndi masamba obiriwira amakula bwino.
Salioliroi wa saltiol (Soleirolia soleirolii).
Mphamvu zodabwitsa za chomera chodabwitsachi zimaphatikizira kusinthasintha kwabwino pamtunda wotsika komanso wotsika, kukonda kuzizira kwa nyengo yozizira komanso kulekerera kotumphukira kuzizindikiro za kutentha. Kuti muchite bwino bwino chomera ichi, ndikofunikira kuti chinyontho chisakhale chofanana.
7. Tetrastigma voignierum
Ngakhale masamba a liana ambiri amafanana ndi ma chestnuts, pakati pa olima maluwa izi zimadziwika ndi dzina la mphesa zapakhomo. Mpesa wokongola wopindika, womwe ukukula msanga komanso modabwitsa, unakhala wotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha mitengo yake yayikulu, yopangidwa ndi loboti 5 wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira a masamba obiriwira. Kutalika kwa chomera kumatengera njira ya garter kuthandizira ndi mapangidwe, koma mphukira za tetrastigm zimatha kukula mpaka mamita 4. Mpesa uwu umafunikira malo ambiri, koma ngakhale ukulu wake umawoneka wotentha komanso wokongola kwambiri. Mphesa zamkati zimadziwika ndi zokongola, zapamwamba zapamwamba.
Tetrastigma voignier (Tetrastigma voinierianum).
Ubwino wa tetrastigma Woigner ukhoza kuonedwa ngati wopanda chiyembekezo. Chomera chimapangidwa mosavuta pa chithandizo chilichonse, koma chimatha kumera m'malo opanda mthunzi. Osathamangira kuti muwonetse mbewu iyi m'makona a chipindacho, ndibwino kuti mudzikire malire mpaka 2-2,5 mamita kuchokera pawindo. Ndikwabwino kuyiyika ngati chophimba pompopompo, kapena moyang'anizana ndi makoma. Popeza mphesa zamkati zimakonda mpweya wabwino, momwe zinthu ziliri pakona ya chipindacho zingayambitse kusokonekera komanso kufalikira kwa tizirombo. Liana ili limaphatikizidwa bwino ndi kutentha kwa chipinda. Monga mbewu zonse zololera pamthunzi, tetrastigma wow imakonda chinyezi chaching'ono popanda kwambiri, kuvala moyenera pamwamba, ndikuyankha bwino mpweya wouma. Osawopa mphesa zamkati ndi kudulira pafupipafupi.
8. Crescent Mnogoryadnik (Polystichum falcatum)
Ngakhale mtundu wa mbewu zomwe zimakonda mthunzi, ma fern ambiri omwe ali mkati mwa chikhalidwe chamnyumba samakonda malo osasinthika.Pafupifupi fern yekhayo amene amasangalala patali ndi mamitala 2 kuchokera pazenera ndi crescent mnogoryadnik (Polystichum falcatum). Chomerachi chili ndi zabwino komanso zovuta zake. Ikufika masentimita 50-70, mnogoryadnik amatulutsa vaji wokongola kwambiri wokhala ndi ma loboti akuluakulu osaneneka a ferns. Zikuwoneka kuti ndizomanga komanso zoyendetsedwa bwino, zopatsa chidwi komanso zikhalidwe zamphika zimakopa makamaka ndi mtundu wake wobiriwira wobiriwira komanso mawonekedwe osalala a masamba. Ma loboti owoneka ngati chikwakwa pa masamba omwe nthawi yomweyo amapatsa mbewuyo chithumwa chochepa kwambiri ngati sheen wokongola. M'mawonekedwe, fern uyu ndiwosiyana ndi mnzake wapanja. Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa: mosiyana ndi ferns yambiri yamkati, chomera chamagulu angapo ndizofunda.
Chikwangwala cha Cirthium (Cyrustomium falcatum).
Malinga ndi gulu lamakono, polyhedron (Polystichum falcatum) wodziwikiratu (cellstichum falcatum) amatchedwa Cyrustomium falcatum, koma m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku amatchulidwanso kuti mitundu-yambiri.
Chachikulu komanso, mwina, chokhacho chododometsa cha mnogoryadnik wachikondi ndi kuzizira. Amakhala momasuka pamtunda wozizira ndi kutentha kwa mpweya pafupifupi madigiri 10 Celsius nthawi yachisanu komanso pafupifupi madigiri 16-18 Celsius m'chilimwe. Ngakhale ndikusunga chinyezi chadothi chofanana, kupopera pafupipafupi komanso kuvala mosapumira, chomera chamitundu yosiyanasiyana chimatha kuzolowera kutentha kwambiri, makamaka ngati chili pamalo otetemera mkati.
