Tikagundika masamba ofiira, ngati kukhudza timakhwala tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, timaluwa tating'onoting'ono timene timayambira, zimawoneka ngati nthawi yatha. Ndikosavuta kupeza chomera chanthete chamaluwa. Ma Crocuses akuwulula maluwa awo kumapeto kwa nthawi yamundawo ndi abale apafupi kwambiri pazokonda zam'mlengalenga. Amabzalidwa malinga ndi malamulo omwewo ngati ngodya wamba, maluwa okha awa samachitika patatha nthawi yozizira, koma isanayambe.
Saffron, kapena wokongola wa Crocus (Crocus speciosus).
Dziwani bwino pafupi ndi zowononga za m'dzinja
Crocuses, kapena safironi - amakonda primroses. Ndiosavuta kukula komanso yosavuta kuwasamalira. Koma m'magulu 15, kuphatikiza mitundu 40 ya ng'ona zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu ku horticulture, kutali ndi onse ndi mbewu zamaluwa zamasika.
Gulu lalikulu la crocuses limamasula m'dzinja, kumapeto kwenikweni kwa nyengo. Malamba a maluwawo amatulutsa maluwa atayambika masamba, ndipo mawonekedwe awa - kusiyanasiyana kwa duwa laling'ono la masika komanso dimba lomwe limazirala nthawi yachisanu - sizingasiye aliyense wopanda chidwi. Mitundu yotere imachita maluwa mwachidule ngati mitundu ya masika, koma mochititsa chidwi kwambiri.
Monga mitundu ya masika, maluwa owala nthawi ya malimwe ndi oyenera kukula monga chomera, komanso mchikhalidwe chamkati. Zowona, pamlingo wotsiriza, nthawi yawo yamaluwa imasuntha ndikudalira pomwe babuyo wabzalidwa, osati potengera chilengedwe. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito:
- "zakuthengo" pansi pa zitsamba ndi mitengo;
- monga okhudza zofukiza m'magulu ang'onoang'ono omwazikana m'mundawo;
- m'malire ndi kutsogolo, m'mphepete mwa rabatok;
- m'malo osungira madzi ndi madzi ena;
- kapangidwe ka udzu;
- mu gawo lokhazikika pamasamba alpine kapena rockeries.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri yamakamba ophukira
1. Chikasu chokha Crocus SharoyanMtundu wake ndi safironi wonyezimira. Ili ndi masamba ambiri komanso duwa lalikulu, lokongola ngati dzuwa. Izi zimamasula mu Seputembala ndi Okutobala.
2. Phiri la Crocus (kapena chigwa) Kutalika kwake sikungadutse masentimita 12, koma kutalika, mpaka 6 cm, mafelemu okhala ndi utoto wowoneka bwino komanso mikwingwirima yakongoletsedwa ndimalo okongola a lalanje pammero.
3. Crocus banat yokhala ndi maluwa okongola otambalala masamba osakwana 15 masentimita ndipo imaphuka kwa mwezi umodzi, pomwe bulb iliyonse imatulutsa maluwa 1-2 kutalika kwa tsamba. Maluwa ake ndi akulu kwambiri, ochititsa chidwi, pang'ono ngati ma irisi, okhala ndi ma loboti pafupifupi theka la sentimita, ma anthers achikasu ndi lilac.
Saffron, kapena Crocus banat.
4. Wokongola wokhala ndi pafupifupi ma perianth lobes, gulu lokongola modabwitsa komanso masewera okongola - utoto wakuda pamitsempha ikuluikulu, opepuka pamadzi omwewo. Masamba amatulutsa pokhapokha maluwa, atali, osangalatsa mu Seputembala ndi Okutobala.
5. Crocus Pallasamene maluwa ake amawoneka ngati nyenyezi zakunja. Ichi ndi chomera chomwe masamba ake ndi opendekera kuphukira kokha, maluwa omwe amawonekera theka lachiwiri la Seputembala ndipo amafikira kutalika kwa 5 cm yokha, koma amagwira ntchito kwambiri. Kufika pafupifupi mainchesi 5, amawoneka ngati lilac komanso owoneka bwino, utoto wonyezimira wa-lilac wokhala ndi mulu wokongola.
6. Wokongola wokongola - imodzi mwazona zazikulu kwambiri za mtundu wa autumn. Masamba amakula mchaka ndikufika kutalika masentimita 30. Koma "chiwonetsero" chenicheni chimayamba mu Seputembala, pomwe ma corms amatulutsa maluwa mpaka 7 cm kudutsa, zoyera kapena lilac, zodabwitsa kugunda mitsempha yayitali, madontho a madzi, mawonekedwe abwino otakata, m'mphepete mwa pamakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake. Munkhokwe iyi, zonse zili bwino - ndipo mzati wowala wa lalanje wokhala ndi fumbi pakati, ndi mawonekedwe owoneka a miyala ya ngale. Crocus speciosus ali ndi mitundu yambiri yamitundu yojambulidwa kwambiri komanso yakuda bii, yabuluu, yofiirira. Pakati pawo, otchuka kwambiri ndi:
- Zosiyanasiyana "Oksinan" wokhala ndi mtundu wakuda, wokhala ndi mtundu wa perianth komanso mbali zomveka za mphalapala;
- Albus osiyanasiyana ndi chubu choyambirira cha kirimu komanso miyala yoyera ya chipale chofewa;
- mitundu "Cassiope" yokhala ndi mitsempha yodabwitsa pamaluwa okongola kwambiri amtambo;
- Aitchisonu osiyanasiyana ndi maluwa akulu, opitilira 7 cm lilac;
- "Mgonjetsi" wosiyanasiyana wokhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu abuluu;
- "Artabir" osiyanasiyana okhala ndi mtundu wamtambo wa buluu, wolumikizidwa ndi mitsempha yakuda.
Mikhalidwe yabwino yophukira mamba
Malamba a Autumn amasinthasintha kwambiri pakufuna kwawo. Crocus Sharoyan ndipo chigwacho chimakonda mthunzi kapena mawonekedwe ake, koma kwa mitundu ina nkwabwino kupereka malo owunikira, malo owala ndi dzuwa kapena owala, kapena malo osiyanapo pang'ono. Kwa crocuses yophukira, njira yomwe ikukula ndi yoyenera ndi malo otentha ndi nthawi yophukira komanso yophukira komanso yamatenthedwe m'chilimwe.
Saffron Sharoyan, kapena Crocus Sharoyan (Crocus scharojanii).
Crocuses sakonda mphepo ndi zojambula, chifukwa amasankha malo otetezedwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti muzomera izi maluwa amawongolera mphepo yozizira yozizira, ndipo chitetezo chochuluka chomwe amapereka "anansi" - ndibwino.
Malo obzala mitengo yophukira ya malimwe amayenera kusankhidwa kuti mkati mwa matalala sikhala ndi vuto lonyowa, amakula m'malo otentha komanso otentha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake muyenera kusankha malo okwezeka, opingidwa bwino (mwachitsanzo, m'mapiri a kumapiri ndi kumapiri a rock). Njira inanso ndikuyikamo madziwo atatuluka.
Samalani nthaka. Kwa ng'ona, sankhani dothi lopepuka, loamy lomwe limadutsa madzi bwino. Chokha chosiyana ndi mitundu ya Dutch ndi ma hybrids omwe amalolera ngakhale dothi lolemera. Onetsetsani kuti dothi silikhala acidic kapena alkaline: ng'ona zimakonda dothi losaloledwa. Koma sikuti ndizovuta pa chonde: dothi lolemera kwambiri komanso dothi losowa ndilabwino kwa ng'ona.
Zambiri zodzala ngodya za nyundo
Asanadzalemo ming'alu, malo ake amafunika kukonzekera. Sakanizani mchenga kapena miyala yoyera mu nthaka kuti madzi akwanirike, ndipo m'nthaka yakhwima onjezani manyowa okhwima, tsamba lamasamba. Malamba a Autumn adzayamikiranso kukhazikitsa feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu (m'malo mwa nitrophoska, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito superphosphate ndi potaziyamu nitrate). Peat ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito kapena kuzimitsa ndi mandimu. Pamalo omwe pamakhala ngozi yoti kunyowa, pangani zitunda kapena khazikani ngalande yakuya masentimita 30 mpaka 40.
Saffron, kapena Crocus chigwa (phiri) (Crocus vallicola).
Malamba okhala ndi maluwawo amafunika njira imodzi yobzala: ngati mbewu za masika zibzalidwe mu Ogasiti-Seputembala, ndiye kuti ngwazi zokhala ndi yophukira ziyenera kugulidwa musanayambe maluwa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayamba mu Seputembala. Madeti abwino kwambiri aiwo ndi kuyambira mu June mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka khumi zoyambirira za Ogasiti. Osagula maluwa - adzachepetsedwa, amafunika zaka zingapo kuti achire.
Musanabzike, yang'anirani mababuwo: ayenera kukhala olemera, okhala ndi ulusi wowonda, wosaphwanyidwa komanso wofewa, wokhala ndi impso yatsopano yowoneka bwino (yaing'ono tubercle). Mitundu ya maluwa yophukira iyenera kudzuka posachedwa, ndipo ngati masamba ake ndi osavundikira, ndibwino kuti osawabzala konse kapena kuwaika mumphika ndikuwona zizindikiro za kukula.
Malamba a muzu obzalidwa amangodzalidwa m'magulu a ma pc 5, ndikuyika mbewu motalikirana ndi 5-6 cm pakati pa mbewu. Mababu a Crocus amabzalidwa pamalo ozama kwambiri olingana ndi kawiri kutalika kwa mababu okha (kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 15 cm). Pa dothi lolemera, siyani mtunda wofanana ndi kutalika kwa babu kuchokera pamwamba pa babu kupita m'mphepete mwa dothi.
Sikoyenera kuyang'anira masentimita mosamalitsa: mamba, mosiyana ndi ena ambiri, amapanga mizu yolowanso ndipo mababu ang'onoang'ono amakhazikika m'nthaka mozama. Mutabzala, mulch dothi ndi mchenga kuti mutetezeke ku slugs. Onetsetsani kuti mwayika malo ndi ndodo kapena zolembera zina.
Samalani ndi ng'ona zikutuluka mu kugwa
Zomera zing'onozing'onozi, zomwe zimakonda kusangalala ndi maluwa otumphukira munthawi ya atypical, ndizosavuta kubzala. Kuthirira sikofunikira kwa a ng'ona, kupatula pokhapokha chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri matalala komanso kuwuma kwambiri mu kasupe, pomwe munthawi yogwira masamba a zipatso za Colump ndikofunikira kukwaniritsa kufunika kwa chinyontho m'mababu ndi m'magulu a madzi osachepera kangapo. Kuthirira mbewu mu kugwa sikofunikira.
Saffron Pallas, kapena Crocus Pallas (Crocus pallasii).
Nthawi yonse yogwira ntchito kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, ng'ona zimafunika potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Amatha kudyetsedwa kamodzi koyambirira kwamasika. Gwiritsani ntchito nayitrogeni mosamalitsa amphaka am'dzinja: Kukula msanga kwa msipu kumatha kuvulaza maluwa kumapeto kwa nyengo. M'dzinja, feteleza wa zowona samayambitsidwa.
Kukumba ndikusindikiza nyumbayi yophukira
Crocuses ikhoza kuthandizidwa ndikusamutsidwira kumalo ena nthawi yomweyo ikadzalidwa - kuyambira Juni mpaka Ogasiti ngati mitundu yamaluwa yophukira. Ngodya za Autumn (ngati simukufuna kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mbewu ndikufalitsa mamba, muzipereke kwa anzanu kapena musagulitse), musangodzikirana pafupipafupi zaka 3-5. Yembekezerani zizindikilo zochulukitsa za "zisa" ndipo pokhapokha muzyala anyezi. Chifukwa chake maluwa atha kukhala okongola kwambiri, ndipo mababu amakhala olimba.
Pambuyo pokumba mababu, ndikofunikira kupukuta firiji m'malo opumira bwino kwa miyezi iwiri. Pambuyo kuyanika, amachotsa mizu yakale ndikutuluka, masikelo oyipa, ndikumwaza zowonongeka zonse ndi phulusa la nkhuni. Mababu okhala ndi zowola ziyenera kutayidwa nthawi yomweyo.
Saffron, kapena Crocus ndiwokongola, komanso wokongola, mtundu wa'ephyr '(Crocus pulchellus).
Kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu
Ma Crocuses ndiosagwira kwambiri chisanu ndipo safuna kukonzekera kuzizira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Malamba a kolowera amawonedwa ndi mbeu kuti ndi "odalirika" kwambiri kuposa mitundu yamaluwa yophukira. Nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi zowola zomwe zimayamba chifukwa chinyezi zambiri zakumunda, koma sakonda kukhudzidwa ndi matenda ena. Mumitundu yatsopano, zowola zowuma zili ponseponse, kudziwonetsa koyamba pa malo ang'onoang'ono, kenako kuphatikizidwa kwathunthu. Mababu omwe akhudzidwa ndi zowola ayenera kutayidwa nthawi yomweyo ndikuwonongeka. Amakonda kudya makoswe, chifukwa chake, pafupi ndi zisa ndikuwonjezera ntchito pamalowo, ndibwino kubzala mababu mu maukonde apadera.
Kubwezeretsedwa kwa nyengoyi
Mitundu yazing'onoting'ono imakhala yosavuta kufalitsa kuposa yophukira: imapanga chaka chilichonse ma 7 a corms. Malamba a Autumn amapanga "zisa" - gulu la mababu okhudzana, omwe, atamwalira ndi babu akale ndikupanga watsopano, amakhala mbewu zodziyimira payokha. Ndiwo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kuphatikiza nkhwangwa, chifukwa ndi njira iyi yokha yomwe imasunga mitundu ya mbewu. Mukakumba ndikufesa, mbewu za ana aakazi zimangopatulidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati odziimira pawokha. Popeza amatulutsa maluwa kwa zaka 3-4, nthawi zambiri chaka chamawa, anyezi ambiri omwe adzipangika amasangalatsa.
Saffron nthochi, kapena nthochi ya Crocus (Crocus banaticus).
Mbewu za Crocus zitha kufalitsidwanso ndi njere, koma njirayi siyilola kusungidwa ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu yamitundu, ndipo kuphukira kwa mitundu yophukira ndizinthu zosamveka ndipo zimatengera kumera kwa nyengo. Wokolola nthanga za malimwe mu kasupe, pambuyo pochulukana kwachilengedwe, kufesa mchaka chomwecho m'chilimwe kapena m'dzinja. Ndikwabwino kubzala m'mabokosi kapena mumiphika, wokutira ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu kapena chitho chakuda. Zomera zimamera pang'onopang'ono kuyambira chaka choyamba, koma zimaphukira kwa zaka 4-5 mutabzala.
