Pakukongoletsa mbeu, nthaka yokonzedwa bwino imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthaka iyi ndi nkhani itatha kuwonongeka kwa masamba, turf, mitengo, humus, moss, peat, ili ndi mitundu yambiri ya humus pakapangidwe kake, koma poganizira zopangidwa, ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamankhwala ndi thupi.
Monga lamulo, malo otsatirawa akukonzekedwa m'munda:
- pepala;
- peat;
- turf;
- composting;
- humus.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a dziko la turf
Dziko la Sodomu lakonzedwa m'malo odyetsa, ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, thukuta, udzu wakale. Osakonzekeretsa m'malo acidity yochepa kapena yapamwamba. Poterepa, malo a turf agawidwa kukhala:
- kuwala - ndi mchenga waukulu;
- pakati - ndi mbali zofanana za mchenga ndi mchenga;
- cholemera - ndi dongo lalikulu.
Kukonzekera kumayamba kumayambiriro kwa Julayi. Pofika nthawi ino, udzu udzakhala utakhazikika kale, ndipo tawuni yokonzedweratuyo idzavumbulidwa ndi chisamaliro chofunikira kuti chisanu chisade. Zigawozo zimadulidwa ndi kukula kwa 25-25 cm, wosanjikiza 9 cm masentimita, kulingalira kachulukidwe kamtunda wa turf. Kutalika kumasankhidwa mwakufuna kwanu.
Khola la turf m'makola 1.4-1.4 mita kutalika kulikonse kuti udzu wophimba wa wosanjikiza uliwonse ukwanire pachivundikiro cha udzu cha pansi. Masangweji amathandizidwa ndi osakaniza amadzimadzi a mullein kuti awonongeke mwachangu ndikudzaza nthaka ndi nayitrogeni. Kuti muchepetse acidity, onjezani ma kilogalamu angapo a mandimu pa kiyubiki imodzi. kusakaniza kwa dziko lapansi. Nthawi ndi nthawi, m'matumba mumathiridwa manyowa, kuti asayende pansi, khomalo lowoneka bwino liyenera kukonzedwa pamwamba pake.
Malo apamwamba kwambiri a turf adzakhala zaka ziwiri zokha pambuyo pake. Nyengo yachilimwe yotsatira, stackyo imayenera kukhala yochulukirapo kangapo kangapo. Mu nthawi yophukira, malowa amayeretsedwa m'chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito ndikugwirira ntchito. Pokhala mumsewu, umataya katundu wake - kuperewera, kutanuka, ndi zina zambiri.
Dziko la Sodomu ndilofunikira kwambiri pa ulimi wamaluwa, ndichopatsa, chopatsa mphamvu ndi michere yonse yomwe yakhala ikugwira ntchito kwazaka zambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima zobiriwira komanso maluwa amkati, komanso mitundu yonse ya zinthu zapadziko lapansi.
Mitundu ina yapadziko lapansi imasakanikirana
Padziko lapansi
Imakonzedwa mu yophukira muzomera zowola. Zabwino kwambiri ndi masamba a mthethe, mapulo, linden, mitengo yazipatso. Zomera za msondodzi ndi thundu Muli zinthu zambiri zofufuta, chifukwa sizogwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekera.
Nthawi zina pansi m'nkhalango mumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukolola, kuchotsa pamwamba pamtunda wa masentimita 3-4. Kusunga masamba owuma kapena pansi pamitengo ndi zidutswa za nthambi zazing'ono, udzu, ndi zina zambiri. zimayikidwa m'matumba a 1.2-1.2 mita kutalika kulikonse. Mukamagona, tsanulirani ndi chisakanizo cha mullein kapena ndowe ndi ndowe, apo ayi masamba samawola bwino. Nyengo yotsatira yotentha, izi ndizofunikira madzi kangapo ndowe madzi ndi fosholo bwino. Mutha kuwonjezera mandimu pang'ono musanasakanizike. Potsatira kugwa, masamba amawola ndikusintha kukhala masamba.
Kusakaniza pamtunda wa humus
M'malo obiriwira, malowa amatchedwanso kuti wowonjezera kutentha, chifukwa amapangidwa ndi manyowa owola ndi dothi pobzala. Manyowa a nyama, yogona mu nkhokwe m'malo mwa biofuel kuyambira masika, imayamba humus pofika nthawi yophukira.
- Kuchokera manyowa a nkhosa ndi akavalo amatenga humus;
- Manyowa a ng'ombe - lolemera.
The humus yochotsedwa mu wowonjezera kutentha mu wowonjezera kutentha imakutidwa m'matumba, monga dothi lamtundu, wothinitsidwa ndi wothira nthawi yachilimwe ikubwerayi, amawombera kangapo. Mumsewu masitaki ali ndi chaka chimodzi. Kenako humus amasungidwa m'chipinda chothandizira.
Kusakaniza kwa peat
Nthawi zambiri iye okonzeka kuchokera ku ma peat bogs. Nthawi zina zinyenyeswazi kapena peat briquette zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera. Peat yochotsa kale. Mukamagona, zigawozi zimathiriridwa ndi ndowe madzi kudzera 22-27 cm. Pakumapeto kwa nyengo yoyamba komanso pakati pa yachiwiriyo, nkhandwe waziwirira ndipo kwa zaka zitatu zakonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Peat dziko m'malo mwake ndi hygroscopic, zotayirira, zotanuka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zapadziko lapansi ngati ufa wophika, nthawi zambiri wokhala ndi dothi louma, chifukwa izi zimawonjezera mawonekedwe ake, ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zowonda komanso zowonda.
Kusakaniza kompositi
Imakolola pogwiritsa ntchito manyowa mumayala, maenje a nyama zosiyanasiyana komanso zotsalira, udzu, udzu wanyumba. Monga kudzikundikira kwatsalira, iwo amasamutsidwa kuti apewe matenda, atathiridwa madzi ndi kuwonda ndikuwazidwa ndi peat. Kwa nyengo yotsatira, mulu wa kompositi umakokedwa kangapo, kunyowa ndi ndowe. Pakutha kwa nyengo yachitatu, kompositi ndi yokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito. Katundu wake ndi mtundu wake ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo zimatengera mtundu wa zinyalala za m'nyumba ndi zida za kompositi zophatikizika.
Monga lamulo, manyowa a kompositi mu kuchuluka kwa michere ali mu gawo lapakati pakati pa tsamba ndi turf.
Heather Land Remix
Lero sizinathere tanthauzo lake ndipo m'malo mwake amagwiritsa ntchito chinthu chomwe chimapangidwa ndi magawo atatu a peat, magawo awiri a kompositi ya masamba ndi gawo la mchenga. Imakonzedwa mwanjira yomweyo ngati kompositi.
Kusakaniza kwa dimba
Amayamba kukonzekera ndikuziyika m'matumba mu kugwa, kusakaniza ndi potaziyamu, manganese, phosphorous ndi laimu. Folozerani kawiri mchilimwe. Kuchokera kudera lomwe mbewu zosakanikirana ndi kabichi zakhala zaka zingapo zapitazo, dothi silisonkhidwa.
Dothi losakanizika bwino kwambiri la dimba labwino kwambiri ndi mchenga lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pantchito zamaluwa amkati.
Kusakaniza kwamtunda kwamatabwa
Imakonzedwa kuchokera kumizu, mitengo, zigamba, mitengo yakufa, mitengo yowola, ndi zina zambiri. Zotsalira za nkhuni zowonongeka zimapanga kuwala, zofanana ndi kapangidwe ka masamba, koma zosauka pazinthu zofunikira komanso nthaka acidic. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma bromeliad, daffodils ndi orchid.
Estience Yophatikiza
Khungwa lophwanyika limasungidwa, kusakanikirana ndi sludge kuchokera kwa omwe amakhala pamphero, izi zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa khungubwi chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokutsatira. Njira yachilengedwe ndi yaukadaulo popanga manyowa imakhala yolimba kwambiri mu chinthu chokhala ndi makungwa a 2-6 mm osakanikirana ndi urea osakwana gawo limodzi la kulemera kouma kwa khungwa mwezi woyamba. Kupanga manyowa ndi nyengo yakufinya nthawi zambiri kumatenga pafupifupi miyezi 1.5 m'chilimwe mpaka miyezi isanu m'nyengo yozizira. Kutentha kompositi kumakwera mpaka madigiri 68-75.
Kompositi imodzi m3 ili ndi pafupifupi magalamu 64 a phosphorous, magalamu 350 a potaziyamu, 25 gm ya manganese, magalamu 35 a chitsulo, magalamu 35 a magnesium, mkuwa ndi zinthu zina. Amasakanikirana ndi peat, ndikuwonjezera mandimu pang'ono, nthawi zina dongo ndi phosphorous, motero amagwiritsa ntchito kukonza nthaka.
Zowonjezera pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zadothi
Kutayika Sphagnum yakonzedwa m'madambo. Pambuyo pouma, kupera ndi kufufutira, moss amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zinthu zadothi kuti apetse kuzimitsa, friability ndi kupepuka, ndiye kuti, kuwonjezera chinyezi. Oyera Moss ntchito polima maluwa a m'chigwa, kuphimba mizu ya maluwa ndi maluwa ena m'nyumba. Ndioyenererana bwino monga chinthu cha stratization ndi kukula wamkulu kukula mbewu (nthochi, avocado).
Makala m'magawo ang'onoang'ono amawonjezerapo osakanikirana ndi maluwa, omwe samachita chinyezi champhamvu. Malasha amatenga chinyezi chambiri, ndipo chikasowa, amasiya. Kuphatikiza apo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati antiseptic mu mawonekedwe a ufa wopukutira fumbi pamiyala ya dahlias, gladioli tubers, mizu ya cannon, etc. Mwanjira inayake, imamwa ma herbicides ndi mankhwala ena achilengedwe.
Mchenga. Chabwino kwambiri ndi mchenga wowuma. Mchenga wa kunyanja uyenera kutsukidwa isanachitike, kuchotsa mchere. Mchenga wa Quarry si woyenera, womwe umakhala ndi ma iron oxide ndi zitsulo zina zomwe zimakhudza mbewu, komanso silt ndi dongo.
Nthawi zambiri mchenga umawonjezeredwa ndi zosakaniza zadothi popanda kukonza kuchuluka kwa 1/4 onse, chifukwa chaulere. Mukamalumikiza ndi kubwezeretsa mbewu muzibzala, mbale, malo obiriwira, mchenga umasambitsidwa bwino ndi madzi kuchoka pazinthu zazitali kapena zovunda. Zomera zosakhazikika bwino, mchenga wa quartz umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mchenga uwu umapatsa kusakanizika kosakanikirana ndi friability, izi zimatsimikizira kudutsa kwa mpweya ndi madzi ku mizu ya maluwa, kumalepheretsa mapangidwe a bumbu, bowa mumabokosi, muli ndi zodula komanso mbewu.
Kusakaniza ndikusungira zosakaniza pamtunda
Monga lamulo, mumakampani ogulitsa maluwa amapanga malo osungiramo nyama zaka zingapo pasadakhale, osungidwa m'zipinda zotsekedwa komanso zotentha. Izi zisanachitike, maulimi akudutsa popanda kubangula. Zosakanikirana zamtundu uliwonse pangani mafuta apadera, nthawi zambiri amaziika pansi pa mashelufu m'malo obisalamo. Potere, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mukathirira maluwa, madziwo samadutsa ku GEL.
Kuti mulime bwino maluwa osiyanasiyana pafamu, muyenera kukhala ndi nyimbo zonse pamwambapa. Ayenera kukhala opanda tizirombo ndi ma virus. Mukamalemba zinthuzo, ndikofunikira kuganizira za chilengedwe cha maluwa, zaka zawo, momwe zinthu zikukula, komanso momwe dziko lapansi limakhalira.
