Akatswiri amagawa matenda a phwetekere m'magulu awiri akulu - matenda opatsirana (amapezeka chifukwa cholowera pathogen mthupi) komanso osatengera (chifukwa cha abiotic zinthu).
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kukhala:
- mabakiteriya
- ma virus
- bowa.
Ganizirani momwe mungathane ndi matenda a phwetekere a gulu lirilonse.
Werengani komanso nkhaniyi: Matenda a nkhaka omwe ali ndi zithunzi za masamba!
Matenda a Bato Tomato
Bacteria ndi microscopic unicellular organics. Amakhala m'malo onse. Ambiri aiwo ali dothi ndi madzi. Zimalowa mmera kudzera pa messata komanso kuwonongeka kwa makina, kukhazikika mkati mwa phwetekere ndikuchulukana, mwakutero kumazipatsira ndikumayambitsa matenda.
Kukongoletsa kwachilengedwe
Zimachitika modabwitsa. Chizindikiro chachikulu ndikuwonongeka kwa masamba. Poyamba amakutidwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono amtundu wa bulauni 2-3 mm kukula kwake, kenako amapindika ndikufa. Zipatso ndi zimayambira zimayambitsa matenda.
Pathogen: Pseudomonas syringae.
Matendawa amatuluka chifukwa cha maudzu ofanana;
Kuteteza: Kuwonongeka kwa dothi ndi mbewu musanabzalidwe, kuwongolera kwanyengo pakuwumba.
Chithandizo: ngati matenda adayamba kale, ndiye kuti chomera chimathandizidwa ndi Fitolavin-300 kapena kukonzekera kokhala ndi mkuwa (1 chikho cha mkuwa wamkuwa mu ndowa). Masamba okhudzidwa amachotsedwa. Chepetsani chinyezi cha mpweya.
Khansa ya bacteria
Zimakhudza mbewu yonse: mizu, masamba, zipatso, mbewu. Kukula kwa matendawa kumayamba ndi masamba. Ndi maliseche mutha kuwona mu petioles bulauni - magulu a mabakiteriya. Tsinde limakanthidwa mkati, limakhala lopanda kanthu, wachikasu. Masamba oyera amawoneka pazipatso zakunja. Mbewu ndi zopunduka, sizimakula ndipo sizimera mutabzala. 
Zomera zimayamba kupatsirana kwa ena, matendawa atha kukhala onse pachomera pawokha, komanso m'nthaka, m'mbewu. Zipatso sizoyenera kudya.
Pathogen: Clavibacter michiganensis.
Katetezedwe: musanabzike, nyowetsani mbewu mu TMTD, utsi wachikhalidwe ndi fungicides.
Chithandizo: Zomera zodwala zimachotsedwa. Kutetezedwa kwa ma tchire athanzi kumachitika ndi kukonzekera komwe kumakhala ndi mkuwa: Kusakaniza kwa Bordeaux, Copper sulfate, oxychloride wamkuwa.
Kubzala mbewu kumachitika nyengo yanyengo, kumayang'ana mizere ya circadian: 10.00 - 12.00 ndi 16.00 - 18.00
Bakiteriya ofuna
Matendawa amakula msanga: m'masiku ochepa chomera chimafinya pamaso pathu. Ngakhale kuti m'nthaka muli madzi okwanira, samalowa m'masamba. Zimayambira zimakhala zofiirira kuchokera mkati komanso zopanda kanthu. Tomato samathandizidwaku chifukwa cha mabakiteriya, chomera chimayenera kuwonongedwa, ndipo chinthu chachikulu chomwe chikuyenera kuchitidwa ndikuteteza zitsamba zotsalira kuti zisatengeke.
Pathogen: Pseudomonas solanacearum.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala m'nthaka ndipo timayambitsa mizu ya chomera, kutseka magazi. Mutha kuwona momwe mabakiteriya amamasulidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zakhudzidwa.
Kupewa: Kuvala nthangala musanabzalire, chonde, kuyeretsa zotsalira za chaka chathachi.
Chithandizo: Zomera zomwe zakhudzidwazo zichotsedwa, njira yokhazikika yokhazikitsidwa ndi khwalala imachitika ndi njira ya Fitolavin-300 (osachepera 200 ml pa chomera chilichonse + chopopera)
Khansa yamuzu
Ndi osowa, amakhudza mizu. Wothandizirana ndi causative amachokera kuzomera zina kudutsa pansi. Itha kulowa mchomera kudzera pazigawo zatsopano pamizu, mabala. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe ndi masiku 10-12, kenako zophuka zimawonekera pamizu, mkati mwake momwe muli mabacteria mabakiteriya.
Pathogen: Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Kuphatikiza pa tomato, zimakhudza mitundu yoposa 60 ya mbewu. Amatha kukhala m'nthaka zaka zingapo.
Katetezedwe: Kukhwimitsa nthaka munthawi yobzala mbewu, kuthana ndi mmera mu yankho la Fitosporin-M (kwa madzi okwanira 1 litre - 2-3.2 g), kusungidwa kwa chiyambi cha mizu, kupewa kuvulala panthawi yoika mbewu.
Chithandizo: mbewu yodwala imachotsedwa, nthaka ya tchire loyandikana nayo imachiritsidwa ndi mayankho a kukonzekera kwa carcotide kapena oxychloride wamkuwa.
Zola zowola za fetus
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timafalitsa ndi tizilombo komanso zomera zina zodwala. Zinthu zabwino zachitukuko - chinyezi chachikulu ndi kutentha pamwamba pa 28 digiri. Zambiri zomwe zimatha kutenga matendawa ndi mbewu zomwe zimamera panja. Mitundu yamtundu wamtunduwu yomwe imakhala ndi majini okukula osagwirizana ndi matenda.
Matendawa amakhudza zipatso, amakhala ofewa, amdima ndipo amawola.
Pathogen: Erwinia carotovora.
Kupewa: kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthaka isanabzalidwe
Chithandizo: Chomera chodwala chimachotsedwa, tchire loyandikana nalo limathandizidwa ndi Fitolavin-300.
Tsinde Necrosis
Tizilomboti timalowa mchomera kudzera mmera, nthaka ndi mbewu zina. Zimayambira zimakhudzidwa: woyamba amabowola bulauni, kenako amakula mpaka kukula kwa nthata, tsinde amaphulika, masamba ndi zipatso zimafa.
Pathogen: Pseudomonas corrugata.
Katetezedwe: kuwunda kapena kuwerengetsa nthaka isanabzalidwe, chifukwa tizilomboti timafa pamtunda wopitirira madigiri 41.
Chithandizo: chikhalidwe chodwala chikuwonongeka, dothi limathandizidwa ndi 0,2% yankho la Fitolavin-300.
Bakiteriya wakuda atawona phwetekere
Bacteria amatha kuwononga mpaka 50% ya mbewuyo, zomwe zimakhudza mbali zonse za mbewu, kupatula mizu. Mizu imawoneka pa tomato, yomwe m'kupita kwa nthawi imachulukana kukula ndikuchita khungu. Bacteria imalephera kwambiri pakusiyana kwa kutentha, imatha kukhala ozizira ndi kutentha, yosungidwa pambewu kwa chaka ndi theka. Amangotayika pamatenthedwe pamwamba pa madigiri a 56.
Pathogen: Xanthomonas vesicatoria.
Kupewa: chithandizo cha mbeu musanadzalemo ndi Fitolavin-300 kapena trisodium phosphate, prophylactic chithandizo cha mbande kamodzi pa masabata awiri ndi 1% ya Bordeaux osakaniza ndi Kartotsidom.
Chithandizo: Chomera chimasungidwa, malo omwe akukhudzidwa amachotsedwa, tchire loyandikana ndi dothi limachiritsidwa ndi fungicides.
Matenda oyambitsa ma virus
Omwe amathandizira ndi mavairasi, maulendo mabakiteriya ochepera. Palibe mankhwala oletsa matenda amtundu wa phwetekere, chifukwa chake chomera chomwe chimayambukiridwa chimayenera kudzipatula ndikuchiwononga. Zonyamula ndi mbali zonse za zomera zodwala komanso tizirombo. Tiyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kupewa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo njira zingapo zolimbana ndi matenda a phwetekere:
- Chithandizo cha nthaka musanabzale: kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- kukonzekera mbewu zakuthupi, zothandizira kupha majeremusi;
- kudzipatula kwa odwala matenda;
- kutsatira malamulo akubzala: mtunda pakati pa tchire, madzi ndi kuwala;
- kuyanjana ndi zikhalidwe zina, osabzala tomato pafupi ndi mbewu - angathe kunyamula ma virus, chotsani namsongole;
- kuwongolera tizilombo.
Aspermia
Dzina lina ndi kupanda mbewu. Kachiromboka kamafalitsa mbali zonse za mbewu. Maluwa amakula limodzi, opunduka, mbewu sizipsa zipatso. Mu chithunzi cha tomato omwe ali ndi vuto laessermia, zimawoneka kuti masamba a chomera amakhala ochepa, tsinde limakhala lofooka, ma peduncles samakula.
Tizilombo Toyambitsa Matenda: Tomato aspermy cucumovirus.
Kachilombo ka aspermia kamakhala pa tomato kuchokera ku tizilombo kapena mbewu zina (mwachitsanzo, ma chrysanthemums)
Njira zodzitetezera zimaphatikizapo:
- kudzipatula ndi kuwonongeka kwa matenda omwe ali m'malo obisalamo;
- kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba;
- udzu ulamuliro;
- tomato olekanitsidwa ndi tomato ndi chrysanthemums.
Bronze
Chizindikiro cha kachilomboka ndi kachilombo ka masamba amkuwa ndi mawonekedwe a zipatso ndi masamba ngati mphete zofiirira. Zonyamula zikuluzikulu ndizoponya. Kachilomboka kamafa pamtunda wopitilira 45 madigiri.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: Tomato adaona kachilomboka.
Kupewa: kuwerengetsa dothi musanabzale mbeu, kuwonongedwa kwa masamba.
Mtambo wopindika
Virtual Curly mu tomato imalowetsa masamba omwe amakhala ochepa, opuwala, opanda utoto mosiyanasiyana. Tchire silimakula kutalika, zipatso sizimanga.
Tizilombo Toyambitsa Matenda: Tomato chikasu tsamba limapindika.
Kuteteza: Wonyamula kachilombo ka HIV nthawi zambiri amakhala oyera. Chifukwa chake, njira zopewera cholinga chake ndikulepheretsa kubereka kwa tizilombo.
Apex bushility
Mawonekedwe a matendawa amawonekera poyamba pamasamba. Madontho oyera amawoneka, pomwepo amuda. Masamba amayamba kupindika, mitsempha imasanduka buluu, tsamba lokhalokha limakulungika paliponse. Chitsamba chimakhala ngati kupindika.
Pathogen: Tomato wokhala pamwamba kwambiri.
Kuteteza: Aphid, mbewu zoyambitsidwa ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Kachilomboka kamatha kutentha pa madigiri 75. Njira zodzitetezera zimaphatikizapo kulima musanabzale ndi kuwononga ma aphid.
Mose
Matenda amatenga nyemba zomwe zakhudzidwa. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'minda zomwe zimabzala poyera. Masamba adakutidwa ndi mawanga wowala ndi amdima, ngati zithunzi, pazipatso - mawanga achikaso.
Pathogen: Tomato mosaic tobamovirus.
Kupewa:
- Chithandizo cha mbewu musanabzalidwe.
- Chomera chodwala chimachotsedwa.
- Tchire zakufa zawotchedwa.
- Kuchokera pa wowerengeka azitsamba, amakonzekera kuchiritsa tchire tating'ono 3 times pamwezi ndi mkaka ndi urea.
Stolbur (phytoplasmosis)
Matenda amapezeka pamasamba, zimayambira, maluwa, ndi zipatso. Masamba amasintha mtundu, amatembenukira pinki poyamba, kenako ndimachita khungu, amakhala oyipa komanso osakhazikika. M'mbali mwake adakulungidwa ndipo pepalalo limakhala ngati boti. Maluwa amakula limodzi, kutalika, mafupa amakhalabe ochepa. Nthawi zambiri zipatso sizimapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo, kapena tomato yaying'ono amawoneka, yopaka utoto, yoyera komanso yolimba. Simungathe kuzidya.
Nthawi zambiri, kachilombo kameneka kamakhudza zikhalidwe zakumwera ,onyamula chake chachikulu ndi ma cicadas.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: virus ya Lycopersicum 5 Smith.
Kuteteza: Kuwonongeka kwa kubzala mbeu ndi dothi, kudzipatula kwa tomato ku masamba ena azomera zamasamba, kuwongoletsa ma ve vect.
Matenda oyamba ndi phwetekere
Mafangayi amatha kupatsira chilichonse chomera. Ili ndiye gulu la matenda.
Ma bowa omwe amayambitsa zipatso amatembenuka amatchedwa kutiola. Ikhoza kukhala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana: zowola za bulauni za tomato, zakuda, zoyera, imvi, mizu, vete. Mtundu wa zotupa ndi njira zodzitetezera ndizofala. Ganizirani mitundu ingapo ya zowola.
Zola zowola
Mafangayi amalowa mmera kudzera m'nthaka. Zipatsozo zimakutidwa ndi owoneka oyera mawanga.
Nthawi zambiri, malo owonongeka amakhudzidwa - m'mbali za khungu la mwana wosabadwa chifukwa cha kukula kwambiri, kuwonongeka kwa makina, komanso kuphwanya mayendedwe ndi kusungidwa.
Pathogen: bowa wa mtundu Sclerotinia.
Kupewa: Kuthana ndi dothi nthawi yobzala, kutsatira malamulo oyendera ndikusunga.
Chithandizo: Kupukutira mbewu ndi yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate, urea ndi zinc, kuchepetsedwa m'madzi.
Gray zowola
Amatha kuwononga 50% ya mbewu. The fungal mycelia imalowera tsinde ndi zipatso, minofu necrosis imayamba, imafewetsa ndikuphimbidwa ndi utoto wonyezera. Bowa spores ndiwothandiza kwambiri ndipo amalimbikira m'nthaka kwa zaka zingapo. Zitha kufalitsa kuchokera ku zikhalidwe zina (mwachitsanzo, nkhaka). Matendawa amafalikira ndi mpweya komanso madzi.
Pathogen: bowa wa mtundu Botrytis cinerea.
Kupewa:
- kuchepa kwa chinyezi mu wowonjezera kutentha;
- kuchotsedwa kwa kachilombo kachilombo;
- pewani mabala ang'ono ndi kudula komwe matenda amatha;
- kupezeka kwa disinawon kwa greenh m'nyumba.
Chithandizo: mankhwala (Bayleton, Euparen), mankhwala a sodium humate. Chida chothandiza ndi kuphatikiza zotupa ndi fungicidal phala losakanizika ndi guluu wa CMC. Njirayi iyenera kubwerezedwanso kamodzi pa sabata ziwiri kuti pasawonekeke zatsopano.
Muzu wowola wa tomato
Dzina lina ndi mwendo wakuda. Zimayambitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe a dera lomwe lakhudzidwalo: kumtunda kwa muzu pamizu khosi kumadetsedwa ndi matumbo. Kutsatira chomera chonse kumwalira. Mafangayi amafalikira mu dothi lonyowa, losungidwa pamimba zinyalala ndi mbewu. Matenda oyamba amachokera ku dothi lakale komanso peat. Kuchepetsa chinyezi kumachulukitsa matendawa.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: bowa wa mtundu Rhizoctonia solani.
Katetezedwe: onetsetsani dongosolo la kuthirira, mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso dothi musanadzale, mwachitsanzo, Pseudobacterin-2 pamlingo wa 1: 100 l lamadzi, kukonzekera komwe kuli sulufule kumathandizanso
Chithandizo: chotsani mbewu yomwe yakhudzidwa ndi muzu, thirani pansi ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa 025% ya Ridomil Gold, musabzale tomato m'malo ano kwa chaka chimodzi.
Gulu lotsatira la bowa limakhudza masamba ndi malo osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake dzina lawoneka. Pali malo akuda, imvi, zoyera, zofiirira, zachikasu pamasamba a tomato.
Seporia
Dzina lina ndi loyera. Mafangayi amakhudza masamba, amaphimbidwa ndi mawanga owala, opunduka ndi kuwuma. Malo abwino kwambiri a bowa ndi kutentha kuyambira madigiri 15 mpaka 27 ndi mpweya chinyezi kuchokera pa 77%. Mafangayi amasungidwa pamitengo ya mbewu.
Pathogen: Mafangawa a Septoria lycopersici.
Kupewa: Kuchotsa zinyalala za mbewu, kusunga mtunda nthawi yobzala, patulani phala patali ndi zina.
Chithandizo: kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi fungicides.
Cladosporiosis
Dzina lachiwiri ndi la bulauni la bulauni. Zimakhudza masamba pomwe amawoneka malalanje ofiira, omwe amakhala ndi khungu patapita nthawi ndipo amaphimbidwa ndi zolengeza. Monga bowa onse, wa causative wothandizila wa matenda a phwetekere amatulutsa chinyezi komanso kutentha kwambiri. Kusamvana kumapitilira zaka 10. Oberetsa akusintha mitundu ya phwetekere pafupipafupi, ndikupanga mitundu yotsutsana ndi cladosporiosis.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: bowa wa mtundu Passalora fulva ndi Cladosporium fulvum.
Kupewera: kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yomwe imatetezedwa ndi matendawa.
Chithandizo: kupopera mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala: HOM, Abiga-Peak, Polyram.
Macrosporiosis
Dzina lina ndi tsamba laimvi la masamba a phwetekere. The etiology yamatenda akadali yemweyo. Pa masamba omwe akhudzidwa, mawanga a utoto wonyezimira amapangidwa. Zimachulukana, zimalumikizana, zimakhudza minofu ya pepalalo. Zomera zimatha.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: bowa wa genem Stemphylium solani.
Kupewa: kuyeretsa dothi ndi mbewu zisanabzalidwe, kutsatira malamulo oyendetsera magetsi.
Chithandizo: kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi fungicides.
Alternariosis
Mafangayi amakhudza masamba, zimayambira ndi zipatso za tomato. Poyamba, matendawa amakula pamasamba, amakutidwa ndi mawanga akulu amtundu wakuda ndikuwuma pang'onopang'ono. Tsinde limadetsedwa ndipo limafa. Pazipatso, pamakhala mawonekedwe, pali chinyezi, ndipo mafangasi amakula. Pamwamba pa phwetekere imakhala yamdima, yopsinjika, yokhala ndi velvet. Mafangayi amakula mwachangu kwambiri pamtunda wa 25-30 madigiri ndi chinyezi chachikulu.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: bowa bowa Alternaria solani Sorauer.
Kupewa: chithandizo cha mbewu ndi nthaka ndi antifungal othandizira (Trichodermin, Fitosporin, ndi zina), sankhani mitundu ya tomato wokana ndi matendawa.
Chithandizo: chithandizo ndi mankhwala okhala ndi mkuwa (Ridomil Gold, Skor) munyengo yamasamba, ngati zipatso zimawoneka - zinthu zachilengedwe.
Simungathe kubzala tomato pamalo pomwe mbatata, biringanya, kabichi, tsabola zimamera izi zisanachitike.
Anthracnose
Anthracnose tomato wamkulu mbewu amadwala. Mafangayi amatha kupatsira masamba ndi zipatso. Poyamba, masamba amafota, phesi likuwululidwa, mizu yake imakhala yofooka, amakhala ofooka komanso owonda, mbewuyo imaphuka mosavuta. Pazinthu zomwe zakhudzidwa, mutha kuwona zisindikizo zazing'ono zakuda zopangidwa ndi mycelium ya bowa.
Ngati bowa wagunda zipatso, ndiye kuti zimakutidwa ndi malo osalala.
Pathogen: Bowa wa Colletotrichum.
Kupewa: Kuthana ndi mbewu ndi Agat-25, munyengo wamasamba - ndi Quadris kapena Strobi, kapena pamaziko a hay bacillus.
Chithandizo: Pakutukuka kwa matendawa, Olima amalimbikitsa kupopera mbewu tchire ndi Polyram yotsika ndi 2.53 kg / ha.
Verticillosis
Matenda fungal okhudza masamba akale a phwetekere. Kupanga kwa chlorophyll kumasokonezedwa, motero masamba amasowa ndikufa.The fungal mycelia imalephera kusintha kwa kutentha ndikupitilira nthawi yayitali m'nthaka komanso zinyalala zachomera. Mizu ndi zimayambira zimayambitsidwa. Matendawa amafalikira kuchokera pansi mpaka 1 m kutalika. Palibenso mankhwala omwe amagonjetseratu bowa. Mukamasankha mitundu ya phwetekere, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa pakukaniza kwa verticillosis.
Pathogen: bowa wa mtundu Verticillium.
Kupewera: kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yomwe imatetezedwa ndi matendawa.
Chithandizo: mbewu yodwala imachotsedwa, nthaka yatsopano imayikidwa m'malo mwake, kukonzanso nthaka kumachitika mwakuwononga mbewu monga rye, nandolo, mpiru. Amathandizira pakupanga tizilombo tomwe timawononga mafangi oyipa.
Powdery mildew
Amatha kugunda madera ambiri. Zomera zambiri za bowa zimawoneka ngati zokutira zoyera pamasamba a tomato. Chomera chomwe chakhudzidwa sichikhala chopindika. Ziwalo zina zimasinthidwa, mbewuyo imafooka ndikufa. Nthawi zambiri amakakhala otsekeka nthaka.
Pathogen: marsupials a genus Oidium erysiphoides Fr.
Kupewa: kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yomwe imatetezedwa ndi matendawa, kukhazikitsa njira zophera tizilombo totsalira.
Chithandizo: kupopera mankhwalawa ndi fungicides, sodium humate ya 0,1 ndi 0,01% imathetseratu bowa, mankhwalawa "Topaz", "Quadris", "Strobi" ndi othandiza.
Ascochitosis
Dzina lachiwiri ndi khansa ya phesi, chifukwa choti bowa amayamba kukhudza zimayambira za mbewu, kenako matendawa amapatsira masamba ndi zipatso. Madera okhudzidwa amadetsedwa, malo achinyontho amawoneka. Zimathandizira pakukula kwa bowa nyengo yozizira komanso yanyontho. Zomera za bowa zimapitilira m'nthaka yayitali, pamtundu wa zinyalala ndi mbewu. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza mbewu zobiriwira, zomwe sizipezeka kawirikawiri.
Pathogen: bowa wa mtundu wa Ascochyta lycopersici.
Kuteteza: Kulima ndi kubzala mbewu musanabzale, kuchuluka kwa kutentha ndi kuchepa kwa chinyezi, mpweya wabwino wa nyumba zobiriwira.
Chithandizo: Chithandizo cha mawanga ndi choko chokole, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi okhazikika mu kukula (Agat-25, Immunocytophyte)
Fusarium wilt
Nthenda yofala pakati pamafupi. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato yotsutsana ndi fungus ya Fusarium, muyenera kulabadira izi mukabzala. Ngati palibe chizindikiro choterocho, ndiye kuti muyenera kupewa njira zopewera kupewa matenda.
Matendawa amawonekera pamasamba ndikukula kuchokera pansi mpaka pansi. Choyamba, mawanga a chlorotic amawoneka, kenako tsamba limasweka ndipo mphukira kufota. Ngati mungayike thumba la kachilombo mu kapu yamadzi, ndiye kuti patatha masiku 1-2 mutha kuwona zingwe zoyera za bowa.
Mafangayi amabweretsa mavuto akulu ku mbewu zobiriwira, zomwe zimakhudza kayendedwe ka misempha ya mbewu. Matenda amapezeka chifukwa cha zinyalala za mbewu.
Pathogen: bowa wa mtundu Fusarium oxysporum.
Kuteteza: Tillage musanadzalemo ndi Pseudobacterin 2, benzinimidazole, kasinthidwe kazomera, kubwezeretsa tizilombo.
Chithandizo: Mankhwala othandizira fungal ndi Trichodermin, Benazole, Planriz.
Mochedwa
A matenda wamba a tomato poyera. The fungal mycelia kudutsa m'nthaka imakhudza mizu ndi tsinde. Masamba adakutidwa ndi mawanga ofiira, kumbuyo kwanu mutha kuwona utoto wa imvi. Pamaso pa zofiirira pakhungu pamakhala zipatso, zimawola ndikugwa. Matenda angayambike kuchokera ku nightshade (monga mbatata).
Pathogen: Phytophthora infestans bowa.
Katetezedwe: Kukhwimitsa nthaka musanadzalemo, mankhwalawa ndi Pseudobacterin -2, munyengo yamasamba - ndi sodium humate.
Chithandizo: kuchotsedwa kwa kachilombo ka kachilomboka, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa mbeu ndi 0,5-1% Bactofit yankho ndi masiku 8 kapena Agat-25.
Matenda a phwetekere omwe amayamba chifukwa cha abiotic
Izi zimaphatikizapo matenda amtundu, nyengo zoyipa, chisamaliro chosayenera.
Zipatso za Vertex Rot
Amayamba kukhala ndi zipatso zazikulu chifukwa cha dothi losavomerezeka kapena zovuta zamtundu ndikusowa kwa calcium ion. Zipatso zimakutidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni pamwambapa, zomwe nthawi zina zimakhala ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a phwetekere.
Kupewa: kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wokhala ndi kashiamu, kutsatira malamulo othirira.
Chipatso chopanda kanthu
Matendawa akapanda kupanga nthangala. Amakhala akusemphana ndi njira zoyambira ndi kusowa kwa michere (makamaka potaziyamu)
Kupewa: Kutsatira malangizo oyenera kubzala mbewu za phwetekere, boma la kuthilira, kusankha nthaka, kuvala bwino.
Kubala zipatso
Ming'alu yamatomayi imawoneka pakakhala chinyezi chambiri m'nthaka. Izi zimachitika mvula yambiri kapena kuthirira, makamaka mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi zipatso zazikulu komanso khungu loonda. Kwa thanzi la chomera chonse, izi sizowopsa. Zipatsozo zimakhalabe zabwino, koma ndibwino kuti muzichotsa kuchitsamba nthawi yomweyo, monga kusweka kunawonedwa, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa zowola kumatha kukhazikika pachilondacho.
Mitundu yayikulu imakonda kuphulika mu radius, pomwe mitundu yaying'ono, mwachitsanzo, chitumbuwa, mozungulira. Katetezedwe kamakhala ndikuwona kayendedwe ka ulimi wothirira komanso kusakanikirana kwakanthawi kwa zipatso zazikulu.
Scarring (phwetekere loyipa)
Imapezeka mitundu yayikulu-zipatso. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa maluwa. Cholinga chake ndikuyambira kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka komanso kusowa kwa phosphorous. Tchire limamera, maluwa satengana. Amatchedwa "terry." Zotsatira zake ndi chipatso chopangidwa moperewera chomwe chimakhala ndi zipsera zotchedwa "clasps". Katetezedwe - chotsani maluwa awiri opangidwa kale, yang'anani kuchuluka kwa nthaka m'nthaka.
Phwetekere wachikasu
Ngati pali kuchepa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe m'nthaka, kuchuluka kwa asidi komanso phosphorous yodwala, matendawa angayambitse kupsa kwa zipatso "zachikasu". Tomato wotere samapsa mpaka kumapeto, atatsala theka chikasu. Mkati mwake ndizowala, zolimba komanso zopanda pake. Njira yotuluka ndiyo kukhazikitsa michere ya mineral metabolism muzomera.
Dzuwa
Tomato samakonda kuwala kwadzuwa ndi kutentha. Masamba ndi zipatso zimatha kuwundana ndi dzuwa. Tsambali pamalo awa latulutsidwa. Spora zowola zimatha kulowa m'mabala a mwana wosabadwayo, chifukwa chake ndi bwino kuchichotsa kuthengo. Popewa, sankhani malo amtundu wa tomato, wokhala ndi dothi losakhazikika kapena ikani zosefera.
Odema
Amawoneka ngati timachubu tating'onoting'ono pamasamba a phwetekere. Zodabwitsazi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuthilira kosayenera, kuphwanya turgor ndi metabolism yamchere. Ndikofunikira kukonzanso mbewuyo pamalo otakasuka, mpweya wabwino ndikuwachitira zokonzekera zamkuwa.
Mtundu wamtambo wa masamba ndi tsinde
Nthawi zina, ndikasinthira mbande, wamaluwa amawona kusintha kwa mtengowo: tsinde la phwetekere limasanduka buluu, ndipo masamba amasintha mthunzi wofiirira. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwakuthwa kwa kutentha. Ngati palibe zizindikilo zina (kuzilala, maonekedwe a mawanga, ndi zina zotere) zimawonedwa, ndiye kuti palibe chomwe chitha kuda nkhawa - mtunduwo udzabwezeretsa pomwe kutentha kukwera pamwamba pa madigiri 15.
Kuti mbewuyo inali yotsutsana ndi kusintha kwanyengo, iyenera kukhazikika!
Zosintha zakunja zitha kuonetsa kusowa kwa chomera. Gome ili pansipa likuwonetsa zizindikilo zomwe zimakwaniritsidwa muzakudya za tomato.
Obereketsa komanso akatswiri akuthana ndi zakuthambo akupereka njira zatsopano zothanirana ndi matenda a phwetekere. M'mayikidwe a nyakulayo pali zinthu zachilengedwe, mankhwala, mitundu yatsopano ya tomato yomwe imalimbana ndi matenda a fungus. Njira zingapo zothandizira agrotechnical, kutsatira malamulo obzala, kupewa panthawi yake kungathandize kusunga mbewu.
