Ma cyclamen okongola ali ndi mayina angapo odziwika. Amatchedwa "alpine violet" ndi "scum." Nguluwe zamtchire zimadya pamizu ya cyclamen, chifukwa chake anthu otchuka amasachedwa "mkate wa nkhumba". Iye ali zopindulitsa pamlengalenga mnyumba, Izi ndichifukwa chotchuka kwambiri pamizomera m'maluwa. Kodi khola liyenera kukhala lotani kuti lisamalitse bwino maluwa?
Kufotokozera ndi kwawo kwa duwa
Cyclamen ndi masamba osatha a banja la a Mirsinov. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, imapezeka munyanja ya Mediterranean, ku Spain, Iran, komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Africa.
Cyclamen imamera ku Syria, Greece, pafupifupi mitundu khumi imakhala ku Caucasus ndi Crimea. Malo okhala zachilengedwe amadziwika kuchokera ku dzina la mitundu: pali ma Persia, African, Cypriot, Colchian cyclamens. Kufotokozera komwe timapereka pansipa.
Cyclamen yaku Persia imakhala yofala kwambiri pakati pa alimiMasamba a chikopa emarodi omwe amakhala pamizu amatenga mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi maziko ngati mtima. Iwo ali pachimake pa petioles zazitali zofiirira zofiirira, yomwe imafika masentimita makumi atatu, ndipo imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wachilendo ndi tint ya siliva.
Maluwa amawoneka osowa. Maonekedwe awo osangalatsa ndi osocheretsa kotero kuti zimawoneka ngati agulugufe okhala ndi mapangidwe abwino pamapiko akuwuluka pamwamba pa chomeracho.
Maluwa amapindika kumbuyo, kuloza kumapeto, mpaka kukula masentimita eyiti. Zitha kujambulidwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana: yoyera, yapinki, yofiirira, yofiirira, ya burgundy, yofiirira, yofiirira, yamdima komanso yopepuka. Maluwa onunkhira amatulutsa fungo labwino lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mafuta onunkhira.
Zizungu kuyambira pakati pa nthawi yophukira mpaka kumapeto kwa Marichi. Kusunga nthawi kwenikweni kumatengera mtundu wa mbewu komanso nyengo zomwe akumangidwa. Maluwa amatenga miyezi itatu ndi theka.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya cyclomania: European, Alpine, etc.
Pali mitundu pafupifupi makumi asanu yamkatikati mwa cyclamen. Pali magulu angapo omwe ali osiyana maonekedwe:
- undersized (kufikira masentimita 15);
- kukula kwapakatikati (kufikira masentimita 155 mpaka 25);
- muyezo (kufikira kuchokera masentimita makumi awiri ndi asanu mpaka makumi atatu ndi asanu).
European cyclamen imasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba achikuda amoto omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe asiliva. Amafika masentimita anayi. European cyclamen limamasula kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka m'dzinja.
Maluwa a pinki otalika ndi masentimita awiri okhala ndi maluwa onunkhira bwino. Malo obadwira a cyclamen ku Europe ndi kumwera komanso pakati Europe.
Cyclamen "alpine violet" mu vivo amakula pachilumba cha Greek cha Kerete. Amakonda kukhazikika m'malo amdima momwe dzuwa lowala sililowa.
Ngati muli ndi alpine violet kunyumba - gwiranani ndi malo omwe ayimiriraZosiyanasiyana sizilola kutentha., chifukwa chake, musayike m'malo osangalatsa. Duwa limakula mwachangu kumapeto kwa Marichi.
“Sakanizani” silo dzina la mtundu wina. Ndi dzina la mafakitalekuphatikiza ma cyclamens osiyanasiyana ndi mitundu.
Momwe mungasamalire panyumba nthawi yotentha komanso yozizira
Cyclamen mwachangu limamasula ndikukula m'dzinja-nthawi yachisanu. Malangizo a momwe angasamalire amaperekedwa koyenera panthawiyi.
Kuunikira koyenera ndi kutentha
Malo abwino kwa malo a cyclamen ndi mawindo a windows of Western and Western oriental. Iye ali amakonda kuwala kozungulira. Pa zenera lakumpoto, aziphonya m'maso dzuwa, ndipo ikakhala pazenera lakumwera, mbewuyo iyenera kuchita mthunzi kuti dzuŵa lowuma lisamuwotche.
Momwe mungamwe madzi, chinyezi
Cyclamen imafunikira kuthirira pang'ono.
Osadandaula kapena kudulira madzi gawo lapansi.
Mizu ya cyclomania imavunda, chifukwa chake imangonyowetsa pansi lapansi mumphika. Mukathirira cyclamen ayenera kusamala kwambiri. Osatengera ziwalo za chomera komanso pakati pazogulitsa. Mutha kuthirira mumiza mumoto mumtsuko wamadzi kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu.
Mukathirira, onetsetsani kuti duwa silikuwola chifukwa cha madzi otsalira masambaPamene cyclamen limamasula (kugwa-yozizira), iyo kuthiriridwa ndi madzi okhazikika. Mapeto a maluwa, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumachepetsedwa, ndipo panthawi yokhala pansi, kuthirira kumayimitsidwa.
Cyclamen amakhala momasuka m'malo abwino komanso achinyezi. Siziikidwa pafupi ndi zida zotenthetsera, apo ayi maluwa amachotsa masamba ndi kubisala.
Kuti muchepetse chinyezi, chiwiya chodzaza ndi miyala chonyowa chimayikidwa pafupi ndi duwa. Masamba asanaoneke, cyclamen nthawi zina imalawa.
Momwe mungadyetsere mbewu yamaluwa
Cyclamen amadyetsedwa nthawi yamaluwa ndi kukula mwachangu. Kuphatikiza feteleza wa mchere kumathandiza kukula masamba nthawi yakukonzekera.
Mutha kudyetsa kawiri pamwezi. Pobwera mphukira, kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni kumachepera ndipo potaziyamu ndi phosphorous zimawonjezeredwa.
Kusankha mphika woti mubzale komanso dothi
Kwa cyclamen konzani nthaka ndi ndale kapena pang'ono asidi anachita. Kuti mupeze pepala losakanizidwa laling'ono, sod pansi, mchenga ndi humus mofananirana. Nthaka iyenera kuthiridwa bwino.
Mphikawo ndi pulasitiki woyenera kapena wowoneka bwino. Pakatikati pa mphikawo pamakhala masentimita 15. Poika, ikani poto masentimita awiri mulifupi mwake kuposa oyambayo.
Chifukwa chiyani mtendere ndizofunikira chisamaliro
Nthawi yopuma ya cyclamen imayamba mchilimwe. Zimakhala pafupi miyezi iwiri kapena itatu. Ndi chiyambi cha nthawi matalala, cyclamen ikutha kukula. Amafota masamba, omwe amachotsedwamo. Madzi ocheperako, musapopera mbewuyo ndipo musagwiritse feteleza. Amayikidwa m'malo a penumbra.
Kupuma, cyclamen tuber imagwetsa masamba onseNthawi yopuma tuber amachotsa masamba onse, koma ingasiye maulendo angapo omwe sangathe kuchotsedwa. Cyclamen imayikidwa m'chipinda chamdima komanso chozizira komanso chotentha chosaposa madigiri thwelofu.
Samakana kuthirira: kawiri pamwezi tuber amathiridwa madzi.
Pewani kulowetsa madzi m'madzi, zomwe zingayambitse kuzungulira kwa mizu. Chomera chikangotulutsa masamba ndi masamba atsopano, nthawi yokhala matope imatha. Cyclamen imabwezedwa m'malo owala ndikuthirira kumachuluka.
Nthawi ndi malangizo ojambulira
Ma cyclamens zovuta kuzisinthaChifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti ndikulitsa ndikubzala patatha nthawi yayitali. Nthawi yoyenera ndi Ogasiti kapena kugwa koyambirira.
Njira yothanirana ndi motere:
| Timasankha mphika watsopano, wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa wakale |
| Pansi pa mphikawo timayala zinyalala kuchokera ku dongo kapena miyala yofukulidwa |
| Kukonzekeretsa pansi |
| Asanakwere thira dothi ndi potaziyamu permanganate |
| Thirani nthaka mumphika |
| Timayika cyclamen tuber mozama yomwe imalimbikitsa mtundu uliwonse wa cyclamen (tuber ya cyclamen ya Persia imayikidwa ndi 2/3, mumitundu ina imadzazidwa bwino) |
| Pambuyo pothira, chomera chimayikidwa pamalo owala. |
Kubwezeretsedwa kwa mkati cyclomene
M'nyumba, cyclamen zosavuta kufalitsa. Nthawi zambiri imamera pamera kapena kufalitsa umagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa tuber.
Kufalikira kwa cyclamen pogawa tuber kunyumba ndikotheka.Kulimitsa tirigu
M'nthawi yokhala matalala, amakumba tuber ndikudula. Gawo lililonse latsopano la tuber liyenera kukhala ndi impso ndi mizu. Malo omwe amakhala ndi magawo owuma, owazidwa makala amoto. Delenki amayikidwa mumipanda yosiyanasiyana ndikupanga wowonjezera kutentha.
Momwe mungakulire cyclamen kuchokera ku mbewu
Mbewu zimagulidwa ku malo ogulitsira kapena kutengera zokhazokha ngati pali nyumba yoyambira maluwa panyumba. Mbewu zogulidwa pa sitolo zimakhala ndi moyo wa alumali wazaka ziwiri, chifukwa chake onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana tsiku lopanga gulu la mbewu.
Kuti tisonkhanitse tokha tokha, chomera choyamba chimapukutidwa: mothandizidwa ndi thonje kapena burashi, mungu kuchokera ku chomera chimodzi chimasunthidwa kupita kwina. Ndi bwino kubwereza kangapo. Amawasankhira nthawi yam'mawa.
Musanabzala, musaiwale kuti nthawi yomwe mbewu yake idatha idzathaMbeu zokhwima zimasungidwa kwa miyezi iwiri, kenako zimafesedwa munthaka, zisanaviike "Zircon". Gawo laling'ono limakonzedwa ndikusakaniza dothi, peat ndi vermiculite mu magawo ofanana. Mbewu zimayikidwa pansi, zowazidwa ndi woonda wosanjikiza lapansi ndikuyika m'chipinda ndi kutentha madigiri makumi awiri.
Ngati zisonyezero za kutentha zikwera kwambiri, zinthu zodzala zimalowa hibernation, ndipo ngati zitsika, zitha kuvunda. Zopangira mbewu mpweya wokwanira nthawi zonse ndi moisturize.
Pakatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, mphukira zoyambirira zidzawonekera. Chidebe chomwe chili ndi chomera chimasinthidwa kupita pamalo abwino-owunikira ndi mawonekedwe a kutentha kwa madigiri khumi ndi khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri.
Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mabowo komanso masamba awiri, mbewuzo zimabzidwa m'miphika yosiyana. Masiku asanu ndi awiri pambuyo pake, maluwa achichepere amathiridwa feteleza ndi mchere wophatikiza ndi theka ndende yaying'ono monga momwe zimasonyezedwira phukusi.
Zomera: Zomwe zimalepheretsa kuphuka
Cyclamen imalowetsedwa ndi kuponya, ma cyclamen nkhuku ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizirombo, gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zomwe zikugulitsidwa m'masitolo aminda.
Ngati njere ya cyclamen ikaukira chomera, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timathandiza.Mukamakula cyclamen, mutha kukumana ndi vuto liti Masamba amatembenukira chikasu pachomera.
Kenako ndikofunika kuwunikiranso mikhalidwe yomangidwa. Masamba amatembenukira chikasu chifukwa chouma komanso kutentha mlengalenga, kuthirira kosayenera, kumayaka chifukwa cha kuwunika mwachindunji, kusowa kwa zakudya.
Matenda
| Matendawa | Zoyambitsa / Zizindikiro | Chithandizo |
| Zowola | Matendawa amakhala ndi mabakiteriya ndipo amadziwoneka ngati masamba osazirala ndi ma pedunances opindika pamphika. Wofesa maluwa amamva fungo loipa. Matendawa amawonekera pamikhalidwe yofunda ndi chinyezi. | Sichitha chomera kuwononga |
| Gray zowola | Amawoneka mumikhalidwe yonyowa komanso ozizira. Spores wa bowa wa Botritis amafalitsidwa ndi mphepo ndi madzi. Chomera chimadwala chifukwa chophwanya malamulo omangidwa. Pa masamba ndi masamba akuwoneka akhungu imvi. Masamba ndi ma pedunances amatembenukira chikasu ndikufa | Thirani mbewuyo pochotsa mbali zowonongeka za mbewu ndikugwiritsa ntchito fungicides |
| Anthracnose | Matendawa amakula m'malo otentha komanso otentha. Mafangayi amakhudza ma peduncles ndi masamba omwe samakulidwa bwino komanso opuwala. | Zowonongeka za chomera zimachotsedwa. ndi kuchitira cyclamen ndi fungicides |
| Sopo bowa | Maonekedwe a bowa akuwonetsa kuti tiziromboti tinaukira cyclamen. Kutulutsa kwamphamvu ndi bowa wakuda kumawonekera pamasamba. Zotsatira zake masamba kusiya ndi kugwa | Fungal plaque amathandizidwa ndi sopo wobiriwira, mutha kuthira madzi a Bordeaux |
Kugonjetsedwa kwa bowa kungasonyeze kuukira kwa majeremusi pachomeraCyclamen imakhala ndi zopindulitsa kwa anthu am'maganizo. Chimadzaza m'chipindacho ndi mphamvu, zomwe zimathandizira kuti nyumba ikhale yabwino.
Anthu ali ndi chidwi chochitira ena zabwino. Cyclamen amawoneka wokongola ndipo ndichabwino kumupatsa malo pawindo. Iye ali bweretsani mtendere ndi mtendere kunyumba.
