The herbaceous pachaka, biennial kapena osatha chomera rudbeckia (Rudbeckia) ndi nthumwi ya asters banja. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 40 ya mtunduwu. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, maluwa oterewa amatha kupezeka makamaka kumadera aku North America. Ku Africa ndi ku Europe, amalimidwa kwambiri. "Suzanne wa maso" - izi ndi zomwe anthu oyamba kupita ku North America adatcha mbewu iyi chifukwa pamtundu wakuda pamtundu wa inflorescence. Komabe, anthu okhala ku Europe adaganiza kuti dzina loti "chipewa cha dzuwa" likuyenererana bwino kwambiri ndi chiphunzitso. Mtengowu udatchedwa Rudbeckia K. Linnaeus polemekeza bambo ndi mwana wamwamuna waku Sweden, Rudbeckes, omwe ali opanga botolo, pomwe wam'ng'ono kwambiri anali mphunzitsi komanso mnzake wa Linnaeus, komanso agogo a agogo a A. Nobel, ndipo ndiwotchuka chifukwa chodziwitsa anthu zamakhalidwe a anthu mu 1653.
Mawonekedwe a rudbeckia
Duwa ili ndi mphukira kapena mphukira zosavuta zomwe zimakhala zolimba kwambiri, kutalika kwake kumatha kusiyana ndi 0,5 mpaka 2 metres. Pali mitundu yamtchire yomwe imatha kutalika mpaka 3 mita. Masamba ogawanika a cirrus kapena odzozedwaku ena onse amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a ovoid kapena chowulungika. Kutalika kwake kumakhala kosiyanasiyana kuyambira masentimita 5 mpaka 20, pomwe kumtunda kwa mphukirawo ndiwosachedwa, ndipo m'munsi amapanikizika. Dengu la inflorescence madengu limafika masentimita 15, mulinso maluwa osalala a bango omwe amatha kujambulidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana yachikaso, komanso maluwa okongola amitundu iwiri ya utoto wojambula utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana (kuyambira wakuda-wofiirira kapena wonyezimira mpaka wachikasu). Chipatsochi ndi chiphuphu chowumbika, chomwe nthawi zina chimakhala ndi korona yaying'ono. Mbeu zazikuluzikulu zakuda sizikhala zothandiza kwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.
Kukula kwa rudbeckia kuchokera ku mbewu
Kufesa
Mitundu yonse ndi mitundu kupatula mitundu ya terry ikhoza kufalikira ndi njere. Ndipo osatha kumachulukanso pogawa nthambizo. Kufesa mbewu zitha kuchitika mwachindunji panthaka. Izi zimachitika theka lachiwiri la June pabedi lokonzekera. Mtunda wa masentimita 15 umasungidwa pakati pa mbewu zofalitsa, pamwamba zimafunikira kukonkhedwa ndi dothi loonda. Kenako bedi liyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri, pomwe liyenera kuthiridwa magazi ndi madzi pang'ono kuti lisasambe mbewu. Mu nthawi yophukira, masamba obisika ang'onoang'ono amawonekera m'mundamo, ndipo chaka chamawa asamba masamba owoneka bwino omwe ayamba kuphuka pang'ono kale kuposa omwe adabzalidwa nthawi yamasika. Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti mbewu iyi imaberekanso yokha. Ngati mungafune, palibe chomwe mungachite ndi izi, koma kungoyambira kuphukira kuti muchepetse mbande zomwe sizimere ndikuzunzidwa.
Mbande
Ndikothekanso kukula kudzera mu mbande zonse pachaka komanso zosatha rudbeckia. Kufesa kumachitika m'masiku omaliza a Marichi kapena oyamba - mu Epulo. Bzalani mbewu m'mabokosi akumera, pomwe amawaza pamwambapa ndi woonda pang'ono pokha ndikungowaza ndi madzi, pogwiritsa ntchito botolo lothira. Chotetezerachi chikuyenera kuvekedwa ndi kanema ndikusinthidwa kumalo komwe kutentha kwa mpweya kudzakhala madigiri 20 mpaka 22. Mbande zoyambirira zitha kuwoneka m'masiku 7-14. Mpaka mbuto ziziwoneka, mbewu ziyenera kuthiriridwa ngati kuli kofunikira, komanso kupuma bwino mwadongosolo ndikuchotsa makonzedwewo omwe atuluka pobisalira. Mbewu zikalembapo masamba awiri enieni, ziyenera kubzalidwe kuti izitha kukula bwino popanda kusokonekera. Zomera zikamera, muyenera kuzikulitsa. Kuti muchite izi, ayenera kusamutsidwa tsiku lililonse kupita kumalo owetera kapena khonde kwa maola angapo.
Kubzala kwa Rudbeckia poyera
Nthawi yoti afike
Mbande zibzalidwe panthaka m'masiku omaliza a Meyi, koma zikadziwika pokhapokha ngati chitsime chamadzulo sichibwerera. Kuti mukhale ndi maluwa oterowo, muyenera kusankha malo abwino okhala ndi nthaka yovomerezeka, yolimidwa, yodzaza ndi michere. Ngati dothi ndi dongo, ndiye kuti mchenga umapangidwa pansi pake kuti akumbe. Ndipo m'nthaka iliyonse musanayambe rudbeckia ndikofunikira kupanga kompositi. Mukamasankha tsamba, muyenera kukumbukira kuti chomera ichi chimakula ndikukula popanda shading yolimba kwambiri.
Zowongolera
Mukabzala pakati pa tchire, mtunda wa 0.3 mpaka 0.4 mita uyenera kuyang'aniridwa. Ngati nyengo yotentha imawonedwa, ndiye kuti maluwa obzalidwa mizu amayamba mizu mwachangu kwambiri. Ngati msewu ndiwowoneka bwino (makamaka usiku), ndiye kuti mbande zomwe zakokedwera kumtunda usiku zidzafunika kuphimbidwa ndi agrospan mpaka itazika mizu. Rudbeckia, yemwe wazika mizu, amatha kulolera kutentha pang'ono popanda pogona. Mukakulitsa mitundu yosatha ndi mitundu, muyenera kukumbukira kuti duwa limatha kukhala malo amodzi kwa zaka 3-5, chifukwa chake mutabzala, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudzaze dothi m'deralo ndi mulch (kompositi), makulidwe ake akhale pafupifupi 8 masentimita.
Kusamalira matenda osatha a chiberekero
Ndikofunikira kusamalira rudbeckia, komanso maluwa ambiri a m'munda. Iyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi m'mawa kapena madzulo, ngati kuli kotentha kotentha, kuthirira kumayenera kukhala pafupipafupi. Tiyeneranso kukumbukiranso kuti kuthirira kulikonse, nthaka imamasulidwa ndipo ngati pakufunika kutha kudula. Ngati mitundu kapena mitunduyo ili papamwamba, ndiye kuti iyenera kumangirizidwa ndi chithandizo. Kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa nyengo yakukula, ndikofunikira kuthira manyowa chifukwa izi, njira yothira michere yophatikiza ndi ndowa 1 yamadzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe supuni imodzi yayikulu ya potaziyamu sulfate, nitrophoska ndi Agricola-7 iyenera kusungunuka. Kwa mita lalikulu la malowa, malita atatu a yankho amatengedwa. Pambuyo pakupita nthawi yayitali, Rudbeckia amadyezedwanso kachiwiri pogwiritsa ntchito michere yomweyo. Pamene inflorescence iyamba kuzimiririka, iyenera kuti idulidwe ndi gawo lina la gawo lopita kumapazi a masamba athanzi.
Thirani
Zikachitika kuti, popanda kumuyika, duwa lotere limamera kwa zaka zopitilira 5, kenako ndikuwombera, lomwe limatsogolera kutsambalo kwa malowo. Popewa izi, kuziika ziyenera kupangidwa nthawi. Jambulani chomera ndikugawa m'magawo, chomwe chimabzalidwa pabedi latsopano, kwinaku mukukumbukira kuti musunge mtunda wofunikira pakati pa toyesa. Tiyeneranso kukumbukiranso kuti kugawa kapena kufalikira kuyenera kuchitika mpaka nthawi yomwe chitsamba chikukula. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita izi kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kapena pamene rudbeckia imazirala.
Kuswana
Momwe mungakulitsire mbewu chotere ndi mbewu, komanso pogawa chitsamba chafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Njira zina za kubereka zilibe.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Rudbeckia nthawi zambiri samakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew. Nthawi yomweyo, zokutira zokongoletsa za mtundu woyera zimawonekera pansi pamtunda. Kuchiritsa matenda omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la colloidal sulfure (1%) kapena sulfate yamkuwa (80 magalamu a zinthu pachidebe 1). Ngati mawanga amtundu wa bulauni amawonekera pambale ya masamba, adayamba kuwonda ndikuwuma, izi zikutanthauza kuti chitsamba chidwala ndi tsambaode. Pano, a rudbeckia omwe akhudzidwa ndikuvulala amayenera kuchotsedwa pamalowo, ndipo tchire zotsala za prophylactic ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi Nemagon, Bazamid kapena Nemafos, ndikutsatira malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa ndi mankhwalawa. Zikakhala kuti zimakhudzidwa ndi pachaka, ndiye kuti ikadzayamba nthawi yophukira zonse zofunikira ziyenera kuwonongedwa, pomwe malowo adakumbidwa ndikuthiramo ndi njira yothetsera potaziyamu, yomwe iyenera kukhala yolimba kwambiri.
Mwa tizirombo ta duwa, mbozi ndi mphutsi ndizowopsa. Koma tikumbukire kuti ngati rudbeckia amasamaliridwa bwino, ndiye kuti simudzakhala ndi vuto lililonse ndi mbewuyi chifukwa mbewuyo imakana kwambiri matenda ndi tizirombo.
Pambuyo maluwa
Kutoletsa mbewu
Mapeto a maluwa ndi kucha kucha kumachitika m'dzinja. Kutola mbewu kumayenera kuchitika pokhoma kuti ziuma bwino pamsowo womwewo. Kenako muyenera kuvala magolovesi ndikumawatengera mosamala kuchokera kumbali ya maluwa. Kenako mbewu zimabalalika papepala lanyuzipepala ndikuziika m'chipinda chotsegulira mpweya wabwino.
Zozizira osazizira
Panyengo yophukira, mudzafunika kuyang'ana pang'ono pomwepo pamtunda wa tsambalo. Zomera zotere ziyenera kuphimbidwa nthawi yozizira. Kuti muchite izi, malowa ndi okutidwa ndi wosanjikiza (kuyambira masentimita 5 mpaka 7) a humus kapena masamba okuta ndi udzu wouma, kapena mutha kugwiritsa ntchito lapnik.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya rudbeckia yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya rudbeckia yomwe imakulitsidwa ndi wamaluwa imagawidwa mu perennials ndi chaka (amatchedwanso biennials).
Rudbeckia wapachaka
Haum rudbeckia (Rudbeckia hirta)
Dziko lakelo ndi North America. Mtunduwu umalimidwa ngati chomera kapena chaka chilichonse. Mphukira zosalala zitha kukhala nthambi kapena zosavuta, ndipo kutalika kwake zimafika pafupifupi masentimita 100. Masamba oyambira ndi ovate, onse ali ndi petioles, ndipo mapulaniwo amapezekanso, aubweya, lanceolate, sessile, ndi mano akulu. Mabasiketi amtundu wa inflorescence amapezeka pamiyendo italiitali, ndipo m'mimba mwake amatha kufikira masentimita 10. Maluwa a tubular ndi akhungu loyera, ndipo mabango ndi achikaso; pali cholandirira. Nthawi zambiri amalimidwa ndi mitundu yam'madzi, monga: Goldflamme ndi Toto Rustik, okufika kutalika kwa 0,35 m; Chilimwe Chachilimwe ndi Marmalade, wokhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi 0.45 m; Goldstrum, yotalika pafupifupi 0.6 m, ndi mainchesi ake inflorescence yosavuta ndi masentimita 10.
Rudbeckia bicolor (Rudbeckia bicolor)
Kutalika kwa chitsamba chamtondo wamtchire kotereku kumatha kutalika kuyambira 0,25 mpaka 0,7 metres. Pamwamba pa mphukira pali pubescence, mawonekedwe a masamba ndi lanceolate. Dongosolo la inflorescences lokhala ndi utoto wokhazikika limatha kufikira masentimita 6 mpaka 8; ali ndi mizere iwiri ya maluwa opaka utoto wa lalanje kapena wachikasu, nthawi zina amakhala ndi maziko ofiirira. Pamalo pafupifupi 20 mm, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a silinda, pamakhala maluwa a utoto pafupifupi wakuda. Rudbeckia akuyamba kuphuka mu theka lachiwiri la Juni, ndipo umatha atatha chisanu. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi Herbstewald: chitsamba chimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 50, ndipo mainchesi amabasiketi a inflorescence ali pafupifupi masentimita 7, omwe amakhala ndi maluwa akuda ndi mabango - ofiira-ofiira.
Kupereka rudbeckia (Rudbeckia amplexicaulis)
Chitsamba chimafikira kutalika kwa mamita 0.8. Masamba okhala opanda masamba amatha kukhala ndi gawo lalitali kapena lozungulika lomwe lili ndi chowongolera chakumaso komanso m'mphepete momasuka. Mitundu ya maluwa mabango ndi achikasu achikasu, a bulauni amtundu wakuda ali pamalo olandirira, omwe amakwera mpaka 30 mm.
Rudbeckia triloba (Rudbeckia triloba)
Chitsamba chimafika kutalika kwa 1-1.4 m, maluwa ake ndi afupikitsa, koma ochulukirapo. Masamba am'munsi ali ndi mbali zitatu, ndipo tsinde limakhala lozungulira komanso lamtundu wakuda bii. Ma inflorescence ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi maluwa amtundu wa bulauni-wa tubular ndi wachikasu.
Perennial rudbeckia
Glossy rudbeckia, kapena radiud rudbeckia (Rudbeckia fulgida)
Chitsamba chimafika kutalika pafupifupi mamitala 0.6. Kutalika kwa inflorescence ndi pafupifupi masentimita 9, amaphatikiza timibulu tamaso tofiirira komanso maluwa abango a lalanje. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya varibilis, maluwa ake apakati ndi ofiirira, ndipo am'mphepowo ndi achikasu achikasu. Mitundu ya Goldstar ndi Goldsturm, yomwe imakhala ndi mtundu wautoto wakofiirira ndi maluwa a bango amtundu wagolide, ndiyotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa.
Rudbeckia wotayika (Rudbeckia laciniata)
Kutalika, chitsamba chimatha kufika masentimita 200. Chizungu chachikulu kwambiri chopanda chimapezeka. Masamba a tsinde ndi atatu, ndipo otsika amakhala osiyana kwambiri. Dengu la inflorescence basket limafika masentimita 10, limapangidwa kuchokera pamizere 1 mpaka 3 yamaluwa am'maso achikuda achikasu ndi otumbululuka achikasu. Pali mitundu yambiri, koma Mpira Wagolide ndiwotchuka kwambiri: chomera chachiwirizi kapena chobiriwira chimakhala ndi inflorescence chofika masentimita 10 mulifupi, chomwe chimakhala ndi maluwa obiriwira a tubular kuwala ndi kumbuyo - mtundu wachikasu.
Rudbeckia occidentalis (Rudbeckia occidentalis)
Mtunduwu ndiwosangalatsa kwambiri chifukwa ma inflorescence ake ndi ofanana kunja ndi chamomile wosalankhula. Kutalika, chomera chimatha kufika mamita 1,2-1,5. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya Kukongola Kwachikuda ndi yachilendo kwambiri: ilibe maluwa oti bango, mogwirizana ndi izi inflorescence yake ndi yofanana ndi chulu yamtambo wakuda, womwe umazunguliridwa ndi mabulosi obiriwira.
Giant rudbeckia (Rudbeckia maxima)
Tchire la mtunduwu ndiwambiri. Pamwamba pa masamba obiriwira pamakhala phula la sera wamtambo wabuluu. Maluwa okhala ndi bango lachikasu amakhala pampando wodziwika bwino kwambiri, pomwe ma tubular amapaka utoto wakuda. Mtunduwu umagwirizana kwambiri ndi chisanu ndi chilala. Ma inflorescence omwe amapezeka pamatayala ataliitali amatha kugwiritsa ntchito kudula.
Glossy rudbeckia (Rudbeckia nitida)
Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi masentimita 200. Masamba osalala ndi oblong-lanceolate. Danga la inflorescences ndi pafupifupi masentimita 12. Amakhala ndi maluwa obiriwira a tubular ndi achikasu - bango. Pali mitundu yokongola kwambiri, monga: Goldshrim ndi Herbston.
Rudbeckia wokongola kapena wokongola (Rudbeckia speciosa)
Kutalika kwa tchire kumatha kusiyana ndi 0,5 mpaka 0.6 metres. Zingwe zowongoka kapena zowala zimakhala ndi m'mphepete zopanda waya. Kuphatikizika kwa mabasiketi a inflorescences, mainchesi omwe amatha kufikira masentimita 10, akuphatikiza ndi maluwa amtundu wa brownish wakuda ndi bango lachikasu cha lalanje, wokhala ndi zovala zitatu kumapeto kwa nthambi.
Mafuta ophatikiza amtundu wa hybrid (Rudbeckia hybrida)
Mtunduwu umaphatikiza mitundu yaudindo wa ubweya wa rudbeckia, wonyezimira komanso wosasunthika, womwe uli ndi mabasiketi akulukulu (mainchesi pafupifupi 19), wokhala ndi maluwa amtundu wa bulauni wokhala ndi utoto wofiirira, ndi bango lofiirira, lalitali pafupifupi masentimita 14. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani mitundu iyi:
- Gloriosa Daisy - amakula ngati pachaka kapena osatha, kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi mamilimita 1,2, kutalika kwa inflorescence kuli pafupifupi masentimita 16, amaphatikiza mizere 1-3 ya maluwa otuwa kapena achikongoletsero chamaluwa achikasu achikasu kapena achikasu, ndipo pakati pakatikati kapangidwe kake kamakhala utoto wakuda ;
- Pawiri - Yokhala ndi nthambi zambiri, yolimba imatha kutalika kwa 1.2 m, mapepala otumbidwa ndi ovate amatha maapulogalamu ambiri, kutalika kwa terry inflorescence kuli pafupifupi masentimita 17, amaphatikiza maluwa amtundu wa buluu ndi bango, omwe amatha kukhala mitundu mitundu kapena maluwa.
Echinacea kapena rudbeckia
Mphamvu zakuchiritsa za echinacea zadziwika nthawi yayitali. Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti mu 1753, katswiri wofiyira wofiirira Carl Linnaeus adapatsidwa mtundu wa Rudbeckia. Dziko lodzala ndi mbewu zonsezo ndi dera la North America prairie, lomwe lili kumwera chakum'mawa kwa United States, pomwe iwo amakonda kulima dothi lonyowa lambiri. Koma Mench, yemwe ndi katswiri wazopanga wa ku Germany, mu 1794 adabweretsa echinacea purpurea, omwe mpaka pano amatchedwa rudbeckia purpurea, kukhala mtundu wina.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mitunduyi? Mwachitsanzo, ali ndi mtundu wosiyana wa inflorescence, mwachitsanzo, ku Rudbeckia, maluwa abango amatha kukhala ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana yachikasu, yofiirira ndi ya lalanje, ndi Echinacea mu rasipiberi kapena wofiirira. Echinacea imakhala yolimba, yolimba kwambiri, yolumikizika, yolumikizika komanso yolandirira, ndipo mu rudbeckia ndi yofewa. Izi zitha kuyambika mu dzina la Echinocia - "echitnos", yemwe kuchokera ku Chigriki amatanthauzira kuti "prickly". Echinacea amadziwikanso chifukwa chakuti ili ndi mankhwala othandizira, omwe, ngakhale akutsimikiziridwa ndi anthu ena, sakupezeka konse mu rudbeckia.
