Mtundu wa melaleuka (mtengo wa tiyi) zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi banja la mchisu. Amaphatikiza mitundu 200 ya zitsamba zobiriwira ndi mitengo. Mwachilengedwe, amatha kupezeka ku Indonesia, New Caledonia, Australia, Papua New Guinea, komanso ku Malaysia.
Timapepala tosavuta tokhala ndi mawonekedwe a lanceolate kapena ovoid, ndipo timapezeka pamipondoyi nthawi zambiri mosiyana. Mitundu ina ilibe mtundu uliwonse, pomwe ina ndiyifupi. Maluwa onunkhira amatengedwa mmalo otayirira inflorescence, okhala ndi mawonekedwe a mpira kapena silinda, ali ofanana pakuwoneka ngati whisk kapena burashi. Chodabwitsa cha inflorescences ndikuti aliyense wa iwo akupitiliza ndi kukula kwatsopano. Duwa limakhala ndi ma stamens, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu asanu. Manja ake amagwa pomwe maluwa akayamba kumene. Popita nthawi, makapisozi olimba, otsekeka amawonekera patsamba la maluwa, mkati mwake momwe muli mbewu. Izi makapisozi amakanikizidwa mwamphamvu ku nthambi.
Chomera choterocho sichimangokhala ndi inflorescence cha mawonekedwe osazolowereka, chimakhalanso ndi khungwa losalala, lopaka utoto wowala. Pali mitundu ina yomwe ili ndi masamba owonda, ochepa, agule, ndichifukwa chake mtengo wa tiyi umatchuka kuti mtengo wa Paperbark.
Ndipo mitengo ndi zitsamba izi ndi mankhwala, omwe adadziwika ndi mankhwala ovomerezeka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Mu gawo lililonse la chomera muli mafuta ofunika kwambiri, omwe amawononga majeremusi, ma virus ndi bowa.
Kusamalira mitengo ya tiyi kunyumba
Chomera ichi sichabwino kwambiri ndipo chikhonza kudulidwa kunyumba. Komabe, chifukwa chamaluwa okhazikika bwino, mtengo wa tiyi uyenera kuperekedwa bwino kwambiri.
Kusakaniza kwadothi
Dothi loyenera liyenera kukhala lokhalokha acid kapena losalongosoka komanso lotayirira. Podzikonzekeretsa posakaniza dothi labwino, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza nthaka ya sod, peat ndi mchenga mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 2: 1. Mukabzala zokongola za melaleuki, muyenera kuwonjezera mchenga.
Feteleza
Zomera ziyenera kuthiridwa manyowa pakachulukidwe kakawiri 2 pamwezi. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wazovuta wazomera zam'mimba.
Momwe mungamwere
Kutchire, mtengo wa tiyi umakonda kumera m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, komanso m'malo otentha. Pankhaniyi, iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi onse mwadongosolo. Ngati timalola kuyanika kwathunthu dothi, ndiye kuti chomera, monga lamulo, chimwalira. Koma siziyenera kuloledwa kuyendayenda m'nthaka, chifukwa izi zimatha kupangitsa kuti mizu ivundike.
Pakathirira madzi akumwa ofewa. Kuti muchepetse madzi olimba, alimi odziwa bwino amalangizidwa kuti awonjezerapo acetic kapena citric acid.
Ndi nyengo yozizira, muyenera kuthirira mbewuyo pang'ono pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, kuthirira kumachitika pambuyo poti gawo lalikulu la gawo lapansi louma pang'ono.
Chinyezi
Chinyezi chachikulu chimafunika. Kuti muwonjezere, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikofunikira (makamaka masiku otentha a chilimwe). Komanso, kuti muwonjezere chinyezi mu poto, mutha kuthira dongo lakukulira ndikuthira madzi.
Kuwala
Imafunikira kuunikira kowala, koma kuyambira masana masana mwachindunji dzuwa limayenera kusinthidwa. Masana masana ayenera kukhala pafupifupi maola 12, ndipo mulingo wa kuwunikira - 6000-7800 lux. Ngati palibe kuwala kokwanira, ndiye kuti mbewuyo iyenera kuwunikiridwa ndi ma phytolamp apadera. Zotheka kuti mtengo wa tiyi utenga kuwala chaka chonse, ukhoza kukhala utasintha mobwerezabwereza nthawi yozizira. Ngati pali kuwala pang'ono, ndiye kuti mphukira zimatalika, ndipo masamba ena amagwa.
Njira yotentha
Ngati kuwunikira sikuperekedwa kwa mbewu, ndiye kuti nthawi yake yozizira iyenera kukhala yozizira (pafupifupi madigiri 10). M'nyengo yotentha, melaleuka amasangalala ngakhale kutentha kwambiri, komabe, masana dzuwa limatha kuwotcha masamba.
Kudulira
Kudulira mwadongosolo kumafunika chaka chonse. Chitsamba chimatha kupatsidwanso mawonekedwe aliwonse, ndikuwapanganso mtengo kapena chitsamba. Komanso, mukamatulira, mutha kuchotsa nthambi zomwe zidafota kale, chifukwa mabokosi ambewu omwe amapangitsa kuti mbewuyo iwoneke mochititsa chidwi.
Malaya achichepere ayenera kudulidwa. Kuti chitsamba chikhala bwino, chimadulidwa kutalika kwa masentimita 10. Zitatha izi, tsinde lililonse lililonse liyenera kudulidwa mpaka mutakwaniritsa zomwe mukufuna.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Ngakhale mtengo wa tiyi uli waung'ono, uyenera kulowetsedwa kamodzi pachaka, posankha mphika wokulirapo m'lifupi kuposa woyamba. Mitundu ya achikulire imayikidwa motere ndikofunikira, mwachitsanzo, pomwe mizu singalinso mumphika. Simungathe kumuyika mumphika wina, koma ingodulani mizu ndikusintha gawo lapansi la gawo lapansi.
Njira zolerera
Chomera chimatha kufalitsidwa ndi mbewu, komanso chodulidwa chaka chilichonse. Mbewu zimangobalidwa panthaka yonyowa, pomwe sizifunikira kuzamitsidwa. Kenako chimbacho chimakutidwa ndi galasi ndikuyikidwa pamalo abwino. Mphukira zoyambirira zimatha kuwonedwa patadutsa sabata limodzi, koma ngati kutentha sikunatsike madigiri 20, kumatha kutenga milungu 4. Poyamba, mmera umakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo achinyamata ambiri amatha kufa. Mtengo wa tiyi wobzalidwa kuchokera kumaluwa oyamba kumera pachaka cha 6 cha moyo.
Zodulidwa zokhala ndi nyere zocheperako zitha kutalika masentimita 6 mpaka 8. Mutha kuzithira mu dothi komanso kapu yamadzi. Kuti muwonjezere mwayi wozika mizu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Nthawi zambiri, nthata za akangaude zimakhazikika pazomera zomwe zimakhala m'nyumba, koma mealybugs a powdery amathanso kuyamba. Kuti muwawononge, ndikofunikira kuchita mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyenera. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kutenga Akarin, Actellik kapena Fitoverm.
Nthawi zambiri, mbewuyo imadwala chifukwa chophwanya malamulo a chisamaliro. Chifukwa chake, amatha kugwa masamba onse kapena kuwotcha pamenepo kuchokera ku dzuwa, mizu yazomera kapena mtengo wa tiyi umamwalira.
Muyenera kudziwa! Zodzikongoletsera zamadzimadzi zimatha kusokonezeka mosavuta ndi mantha a leptospermum (omwe amatchedwanso manuka kapena mtengo wa tiyi wa New Zealand). Chifukwa chake, zithunzi zambiri za china zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakufotokozera chomera chimodzi. Iwo ali ofanana kwambiri ndi masamba, koma maluwa awo ndi osiyana kwambiri. Komanso, izi zimasiyana m'magwiritsidwe ake ndi katundu wawo. Pankhaniyi, pokonzekera mtundu wa wowerengeka wowerengeka, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi mbewu iti yomwe ikutanthauza.
Mitundu yayikulu
Pakulima kwakunyumba, mitundu yotsatirayi imasankhidwa nthawi zambiri.
Melaleuca alternifolia (Melaleuca alternifolia)
Kapena mtengo wa tiyi waku Australia - mtundu uwu umakonda kubzala kunyumba. Chomera chachilengedwe kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Australia. Ichi ndi mtengo wawung'ono, womwe umadziwika ndi kukula pang'onopang'ono komanso masamba obiriwira ochepa, omwe ali ofanana ndi singano za spruce. Kutalika, amafika masentimita 1-3,5, ndipo m'lifupi - pafupifupi milimita imodzi. Limamasula kuyambira kumapeto kwa kasupe mpaka kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachilimwe, pomwe maluwa amatchukira. Mitengo yofiyira yoyera ngati chipale chofikira imafikira masentimita 3-5, ndipo kunja kwake ndi kofanana kwambiri ndi maburashi ang'onoang'ono amiyala.
Melaleuka diosmolistny (Melaleuca diosmifolia)
Kapena myrtle uchi wobiriwira ndiwonso wamtundu wotchuka kwambiri pakulima kwanyumba. Akubwera kuchokera ku Western Australia. Chitsamba chaching'onochi chimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira (pafupifupi 1 sentimita). Amapezeka pamitengo yolimba kwambiri, pomwe amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Maluwa a mandimu obiriwira amasonkhanitsidwa pang'ono (mpaka ma sentimita 5) ma inflorescence mumapangidwe a cylinder, omwe amapezeka pazotsatira zazifupi. Maluwa amatha kuyambira kumapeto kwa masika mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Flax Melaleuka (Melaleuca linariifolia)
Mtengowu ndi wobadwira kugombe la kum'mawa kwa New South Wales ndi South Queensland. Ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo wobiriwira, womwe umadziwika ndi kukula msanga. Timapepala totsatsira timiyala tating'ono ngati nsalu. Kutalika, amafika kuchokera 2 mpaka 4,5 cm, ndipo m'lifupi - mpaka 4 mamilimita. M'chilimwe, maluwa amatulutsa chomera, chomwe chimafanana ndi nthenga za mbalame. Amasonkhanitsidwa pamafupi oyera-oyera (mpaka 4 masentimita m'litali) inflorescence, omwe ali ofanana ndi mantha. Chifukwa cha maluwa ambiri, pomwe maluwa amatenga chomera pafupifupi kwathunthu, m'maiko ena olankhula Chingerezi amatchedwanso Chipale cha Chilimwe ", chomwe chimatanthawuza" Chilimwe Chilimwe ". Pazomera zam'nyumba zam'madzi, mitundu ya chipale chofewa imakhala yotchuka kwambiri, komwe ndi mtundu wa flaxseed melaleuki.
Melaleuca wokongola (Melaleuca pulchella)
Kapena mwana wa mchira wambiriyou (Claw Honey myrtle) - wochokera ku Western Australia. Ndi shrub yotsika. Masamba ake obiriwira obiriwira akakhala ochepa kwambiri, kotero amafikira kutalika kwa 2-6 mamilimita. Maluwa ofiira ofiira, okhala ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka, amasonkhanitsidwa m'malo ena osowa. Maluwa ali ndi magulu asanu a stamens autali ophatikizika pamodzi, omwe amakhala pafupi ndi manda. Mawonekedwe a duwa amawerama mkati choncho zikuwoneka kuti muli ndi zala zokhala ndi zala ngati mawonekedwe a anthers. Chifukwa chakuti mtengowu umatchedwanso maluwa a Claw (Flower-claw).
Melaleuca nesophila (Melaleuca nesophila)
Kapena pinki uchi wa myrtle (Showy Honey Myrtle) - malo omwe chitsamba chamtali choterechi ndi Western Australia. Masamba obiriwira otalika kufika 2 cm. Maluwa a Lilac-pinki amatengedwa yaying'ono (mpaka masentimita atatu) inflorescence, okhala ndi mawonekedwe a mpira. Maluwa amawoneka kuyambira kumapeto kwa masika mpaka pakati pa nthawi yachilimwe. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu "Little Nessy" (Little Nessie) - shrub yowoneka bwino.
M'masitolo apadera mutha kugula mitundu inanso yokongoletsa ya mtengo wa tiyi.
