Petunia ndiwotchuka kwambiri osati chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongola, komanso mitundu yake yayikulu yosiyanasiyana, kusachita bwino komanso kuthekera kopanga maluwa okongola ndi mbewu zina. Amawonekanso wokongola pa udzu.
Mwa mitundu yomwe ilipo, mitundu yambiri, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo okongoletsera, malo okhala ndi makonde, imawoneka bwino kwambiri. Monga njira yayikulu yothandizira kuberekagwiritsani ntchito kufesa mbewu. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna kudzala chomera chokongola, muyenera kuyamba ndikukula mbande. Koma izi sizophweka. Omwe alimi odziwa zamaluwa amadziwa zina zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimawathandiza kuchita bwino pamwambowu popanda kuchita khama.
Sankhani mbewu
Mukadzisankhira mtundu wa mtundu wa petunia omwe mudzakulitse, mutha kupita kumalo ogulitsira mbewu. Komabe, posankha mbewu, mfundo zina ziyenera kukumbukiridwa, zomwe pambuyo pake zingakhudze mtundu wa mbewu zazikulu.
Mawonekedwe
Mbewu ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo zimawoneka ngati mbewu za poppy. Kufika pasitolo, pamenepo angakupatseni mitundu yawo iwiri. Zachilendo zimagulitsidwa mu mawonekedwe. Koma limodzi nawo mutha kukoka ngalande, zomwe itayikidwa mu chipolopolo chosungunuka.
Zosavuta ndizovuta kuthana nazo chifukwa chakuchepa kwake, chifukwa chake pakubzala zimakhala zovuta kuti muzigawire mofatsa panthaka. Chifukwa chake, mutamera mbande, simungapewe njira zosasangalatsa monga kupatulira. Ngati mukufuna kuthana ndi izi, ndiye kuti ndibwino kungotulutsira madzi nthawi yomweyo. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti pa siteji ya ikamatera zimatenga chinyezi chambiri, chifukwa popanda icho chipolopolo sichitha kupasuka, ndipo mbewu sizingamere.
posankha mbewu, muyenera kuganizira tsiku lotha ntchito. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusankha zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazaka zitatu zotsatira. Ndipo zilibe kanthu kuti mumakhala mitundu yanji - yosavuta kapena yotulutsa.- Ndikofunika kuti nthawi yomweyo muzindikire mitundu yomwe mungagule musanapite kumalo ogulitsira. Mukatero mudzazindikira kuti mbewu yomwe ili pachithunzichi ikamera pamera. Mukamagula osakaniza m'malo, ndiye kuti simupeza zomwe mukuyembekezera;
- ngati mukufuna kukhutira ndi zomwe mwasankha, ndibwino kugula mbewu kwa opanga odziwika bwino mu malo odalirika. Chifukwa chake, poyamba sizipweteka kukambirana nkhaniyi ndi abwenzi omwe adagula kale petunia;
- Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupite ku sitolo kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, chifukwa panthawiyi amalowetsa zinthu zatsopano zatsopano. Chifukwa chake, mudzakhala ndi mwayi wosankha pamitundu yonse, mugule pamitengo yotsika ndikutsimikiza kuti zomwe zagulidwa ndizatsopano.
posankha mbewu, muyenera kuganizira tsiku lotha ntchito. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusankha zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazaka zitatu zotsatira. Ndipo zilibe kanthu kuti mumakhala mitundu yanji - yosavuta kapena yotulutsa.Tikufika
Yakwana nthawi yoti mudziwe ngati ndibwino kubzala maluwa kwa mbande. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuganizira zolinga zomwe mukufuna kukwaniritsa komanso momwe mudzakwaniritsire.
Nthawi zambiri petunia Amayamba kutulutsa m'miyezi iwiri mpaka itatu kuyambira zikamera mbande. Chifukwa chake, kupatsidwa mphindi iyi, ndipo muyenera kuwerengera nthawi yomwe mukufikitsa. Koma kumbukirani kuti ngati mukufuna kufesa mbewu kale kuposa masiku achikhalidwe, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyambitsa mbewu zina. Ngati mukukwaniritsa izi, ndiye kuti mutha kukonzekera kubzala mu February. Ngati kwa inu vutolo ndikupereka zowonjezera zowunikira kwa mphukira zazing'ono, ndibwino kudikira mpaka Marichi. Mukamaganiza zokulitsa mitundu yambiri, dziwani kuti imakula pang'onopang'ono, ndichifukwa chake kuyenera kubzala mwofunikira. Ndipo ndikwabwino ngati mutamera maluwa mtsogolo.
Kukonzekera
Mukasankha masiku oyenerana, mutha kuyamba kuchita kukonza nthaka ndi miphika wa mbande.
Mbande itha kubzalidwa mumipanda yopangidwa ndi zinthu zilizonse, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti ndi zakuya mokwanira - osachepera 10. Onetsetsani kuti mabowo otayira amaperekedwa mwa iwo, chifukwa mbande imakhala yoopsa kwambiri. Kuti mupeze ndalama, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ziwiya za pulasitiki zotayidwa zokhala ndi zotsekemera pazolinga izi. Mutha kupanga maenje oyikamo momwemo pogwiritsa ntchito awl. Chifukwa cha chivundikiro, chomwe chitha kusinthidwa ndi kanema wokhazikika, mutha kupitiliza kutentha kwamkati mkati. Malingaliro abwino ndi kufesa m'makaseti apadera okhala ndi maselo ang'onoang'ono.
Kumbukirani kuti mbande zabwino zimamera m'nthaka osatenga nawo mbali kapena pang'ono asidi. Pakulima kwanu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza kwa sitolo okonzedwa kapena kukonza dothi lobzala nokha. Kuti muchite izi, mufunika zigawo zotsatirazi:
- tsamba (kapena turf) dziko;
- mchenga;
- humus;
- peat;
- gawo lama coconut.
Kusintha mtundu wa acidity wa dothi, mutha kuwonjezera pang'ono. phulusa la nkhuni kapena laimu. Dothi losakanikirana ndi lotayirira, lamadzi lambiri komanso lopanda thanzi kwambiri liziwoneka kuti ndilabwino kwambiri. Idzapereka mulingo woyenera kwambiri wopangira mizu ya mbande.
Nthaka ikakonzeka, iyenera kuzunguliridwa kudzera mu suna, kenako ndikuthira mankhwala. Kuti muchite izi, thirani dothi ndi madzi otentha kapena mutha kulilola kuti liyime kwa mphindi zingapo microwave. Pambuyo pake, ikani zotengera ndikuyala pansi, pomwe zingwe zophwanyidwa kapena zadongo zingathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusakaniza kwa dothi kumayamba kugona pamenepo. Onetsetsani kuti mwatsitsa dothi ndikuthirira madzi mosamala. Kuchuluka kwa dothi mumapuzi kuyenera kukhala kuti masentimita awiri akhalebe kuchokera pamwamba kupita pamwamba.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mbewu wamba polimitsa mbande za petunia, amalimbikitsidwa sakanizani ndi mchenga wouma, chifukwa kudzakhala kosavuta kwa inu kuziyika pamtunda. Koma mutha kuchita china: pamenepa, mutha kuthandiza chizolowezi chamba nthawi zonse. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kufetsa kumapeto kwake pang'ono ndikukhudza mbewu, mutatha, pogwiritsa ntchito chopopera mano, njere yomwe imakutidwa imayikidwa pamalo abwino.
Muthanso kubzala duwa la mbande mothandizidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Poyamba, chipale chofewa chimayikidwa panthaka, ndipo mbewu zimayikidwa kale. Mudzawaona mosavuta, chifukwa aziwoneka bwino pazithunzi zoyera. Matalala amasungunuka posachedwa, kenako chomera cham'tsogolo chamadzi chosungunuka chidzakhala pansi.
Ndi mbewu za drazhirovannyh, pitani motere: muyenera kutenga ma tweezers ndikusunthira kumalo osankhidwa. Chifukwa chaichi kutsatira njira yofikira 3 x 3 cm. Ngati mwasankha kugwiritsa ntchito kaseti polimitsa mbande, ndiye kuti mu selo limodzi muyenera kuyika mbewu imodzi yokha. Chifukwa chake mumadzipulumutsa ku kututa kosafunikira ndikusunga mizu yonse ya mbande.
Mukabzala, onetsetsani kuti uwaza mabedi ndi madzi. Sikoyenera kuchita manipulesheni kuti muike mbewu m'nthaka. Ngakhale, malinga ndi ena amalimi, ndikofunikira kuwaza ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka mchenga kapena dothi lowala.
Zitatha izi, chidebechi chimayenera kuphimbidwa ndi galasi, filimu kapena chivindikiro ndikukonzedwanso m'malo owala, ofunikira pomwe pakufunika kutentha kutentha mkati madigiri 20-25. Nthawi yomweyo, kuwunikiranso kowonjezera kungachitike.
Mukamakula mbande, onetsetsani kuti palibe chobwezeretsa mkati. Kuthirira mbande ndikofunikira kuchokera pa mfuti yokula pakafunika. Poyamba, kuthirira kungachitike ndi yofooka yankho la manganese.
Kusamalidwa koyenera
Nthawi zambiri mbewu zimayamba kumera m'masiku asanu kuchokera nthawi yofesa. Izi zitachitika, ndiye kuti mutha kukuthokozani, chifukwa mwakwanitsa gawo lovuta kwambiri. Inde, monga alimi ambiri akudziwa, zovuta zazikulu pakukula mbande za petunia zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kumera kochepa. Ndipo ngakhale zikumera ziphukira, kupumula sikufunika.
Pakadali pano, mutha kudziletsa Kuchotsa kwa kudziunjikira kwa condensate. Pambuyo pake, mutha kuyamba kupuma, ndikuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wabwino ukupezeka mumtsuko. Chizindikiro choti nthawi yakwana kuti ichotse chophimbacho ndikumasulidwa kwa mphukira kuchokera mu malaya ambewu.
- pazizindikiro zoyambirira za kuphukira, chidebe chiyenera kuyikidwa pamalo owala kwambiri, pomwe amatetezedwa ku dzuwa. Kutentha kuyenera kusungidwa pamlingo wosaposa +18 digiri. Zikatero, zitha kupewa kutambasula mbandezo ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zamphamvu;
- kuthirira mbande kumachitika, kuyang'ana momwe nthaka ili pansi. Ndikofunikira kuti musachite cholakwika osati kungothilira madzi pafupipafupi, komanso ndi kuchuluka kwa madziwo kuti muchepetse kuyanika ndi kuthilira kwamadzi m'nthaka. Kusakondera mbali ina iliyonse kumatha kubweretsa kuphedwa kwa mbande;
- komanso panthawiyi, mutha kuyamba kuchititsa mbande zowonjezera. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito ma phytolamp, ngakhale pakadali pomwepo amatha kusinthidwa ndi magetsi opulumutsa ndi magetsi. Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala, kuyiyika pamalo otetezeka, apo ayi mbewu zimatha kuyatsidwa ndi kuwala kowala. Zowunikira ziyenera kukhala zochulukirapo. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuyatsa nyali m'mamawa ndikusiya mpaka madzulo. Panthawi yamitambo, kuwunikira kowonjezereka kumatha kuchitika tsiku lonse. Kwa mbande zazing'ono, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti kuwunikira kowonjezera kuchitike osachepera maola 16 patsiku. Zomera zikasowa kuwala, zimayamba kutambalala ndikufooka.
Mu masabata oyamba a mbande zazing'onokukula pang'onopang'ono. Kupatula apo, panthawiyi amathera mphamvu zawo zambiri pakupanga mizu. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudikirira ndikupitilabe kuwasamalira munjira yomweyo.
Sankhani petunia ndi chisamaliro chowonjezereka
Nthawi zambiri, pakatha miyezi 1-1.5 kuyambira nthawi yofesa mbewu, masamba awiri owona amapangidwa mu mbande. Maonekedwe awo amatithandiza kumvetsetsa kuti nthawi yakwanira.
Izi zidzafunika zochulukirapo nthaka yosakaniza, zomwe muyenera kudzaza makapu ang'onoang'ono, mutakhala kuti mwapanga mabowo mumalo mwake. Pakuwotcha mbande, zomwe zinali zachimbudzi wamba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito makaseti apadera.
Nyengo isanakhazikike mumsewu kuti musinthe kupita kumalo okhazikika, mungafunikire kuchita zingapo. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuyang'anira mbewu mosamala kuti musaphonye nthawi yomwe mizu imakhala m'malo onse apansi ndigalasi. Uwu ndi lingaliro kwa inu kuti mufunika kulolera mbande m'mizere yambiri.
Makapu amtundu wa peat ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira zotchingira mbiya, chifukwa mu nthawi ya masika mutha kupatsira mbande mwachindunji ndi malo okhazikika. Kotero mutha kusunga mizu yawo yolimba.
Pomaliza
Duwa limayamikiridwa ndi ambiri omwe amalima maluwa, makamaka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongola, chifukwa ambiri amapeza malo pamalowo. Ngakhale iye kukula sikophwekamonga zingaoneke koyamba. Kupatula apo, petunia isanayambe kuphuka, padzafunika kukula mbande, ndipo ili ndi gawo lovuta. Poganizira kuti njere zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa kumera, ndikofunikira kusankha mitundu yoyenera ndikukonzekera kufesa bwino.
Osatinso mosamala, ndikofunikira kusamalira mbande zazing'ono, popeza wamaluwa amafunika pakadali pano kuti apeze mbande zolimba, ndipo ichi ndi chitsimikizo kuti ukadzalidwa kumtunda, mbewu zimaphuka msanga ndikuyamba kuphuka.
