Kobeya ndi mpesa wokongola modabwitsa wa banja la cyanosis. Amachokera ku nkhalango zotentha za ku South America. Ndipo idatchedwa dzina polemekeza mkazitape waku Spain yemwe anali Spain Cobo, wasayansi wotchuka wachilengedwe.
A Kobe amakhala ndi mitengo yokwera kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri imatalika mita 6. Tinyanga tating'onoting'ono timathandizira chomera kuti chithandizire kuchirikiza chilichonse.
Dongosolo lamizu ndilolimba, lalitali, lokhala ndi nthambi ndi njira zooneka ngati chingwe. Maluwa ndi akulu, mpaka masentimita 8. Amakula payekhapayekha, ndipo atha kukhala m'magulumagulu a masamba a masamba atatu. Ali ndi ma pedicel okwera komanso mawonekedwe okongola a belu.
Masitepe ndi ma pestle amatuluka kwambiri kuposa pamakhala, zomwe zimapangitsa maluwa kukhala osangalatsa. Masamba ofewa amakhala ndi kuwala kobiriwira pang'ono komanso mawonekedwe opinikiza a pinnate omwe amaphatikizapo lobes atatu. Poyang'anira dimba, wamaluwa adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kobe kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800.
Mitundu yotchuka ndi mitundu ya kobei
Kunyumba, duwa limayimilidwa ndi mitundu 9, koma m'minda yathu ndi nyumba imodzi yokhayo yomwe imakula - kukwera kobe.
Mayina ake ena ndi mabelu amtchire, opindika, ma ivy a ku Mexico ndi mabelu amonke. Kobeya amapereka mphukira yayikulu, mpaka 4 mita kutalika. Masamba amawoneka ngati nthenga, otseguka kwambiri ndi makwinya ang'onoang'ono, ndipo malekezero ake amveka korona ndi nthambi. Pakumera, masamba a chomera amakhala obiriwira komanso amanunkhira ngati musk. Pang'onopang'ono amapeza lilac hue, pambuyo pake - wofiirira wakuda ndikupereka fungo la uchi. Zoweta zidaberekanso mtundu wina wa kobe - Alba, womwe uli ndi maluwa oyera.
Timakulitsa kobe kunyumba
Ku South America, mbewu iyi ndi yachikale, koma mikhalidwe yaminda yathu, kobeyu amakula ngati pachaka - chifukwa cha kutentha kwake mwachilengedwe, sipulumuka nyengo yozizira. Nthawi zambiri imadulidwa ndi njere. Iyi ndi njira yosavuta koma yosangalatsa. Apa muyenera kudziwa mawonekedwe enieni amakonzekera mbeu. Nthawi zina kobe imafalitsika ndikudula kwa chiberekero.
Kubzala mbewu za Kobe
Mutha kukonzekera njere zodzala kumapeto kwa dzinja. Zazikulu kwambiri ndi chipolopolo cholimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kumera. Chifukwa chake, musanabzale, kukonzekera kwinaku kumachitika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchotsa mankhaka pamanja. Kuti tichite izi, njere zimayikidwa mu chidebe chachikulu mtunda wina ndi mzake, ndikuthiridwa ndi madzi ndikufundidwa kuti chinyezi chiphulike pang'onopang'ono momwe zingathere. Chigobachi chanyowa, chimachotsedwa, njere zikulungidwanso.
Zinthu zodzalidwa zitatsukidwa, tengani pepala la kuchimbudzi, ndikuyika mu zigawo ziwiri ziwiri ndikuyipukuta ndi yankho la pinki la potaziyamu permanganate. Mbewu zimayikidwa mosamala ndikuyika m'thumba la pulasitiki, lomwe liyenera kutentha ndi kuyatsidwa bwino. Kumera kumatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri, munthawi imeneyi ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mbewuzo ndi zonyowa. Ngati nkhungu ikuwoneka, imatsukidwa mosamala ndikulemba pepala.
Mbewuzo zikamera, zimasinthidwa dothi lotayirira, ndikugoneka mbiya, ndipo zimakutidwa ndi dothi pafupifupi sentimita imodzi. Chifukwa chakuti kobe sichikugwirizana ndi kusankha koyamba, ndizabwino kugwiritsa ntchito makapu ang'onoang'ono, ndikuwakhazikitsa pamwamba ndi polyethylene. Zotengera zimayikidwa m'chipinda chowala kwambiri kutentha kwa 20 ° C. Kanemayo amayenera kuchotsedwa tsiku ndi tsiku kuti athenje ndi kupukutira masamba. Ngati mudabzala mbewu kale, ndiye kuti mbande zimatuluka sabata yachiwiri.
Diyani mbande
Masamba awiri oyamba akakula bwino pazomera, amazimbidwa. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito miphika ya volumetric (osachepera 3 malita), yomwe imadzazidwa ndi ngalande komanso pamwamba pa dothi labwino. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu mumtsuko, pofika nthawi yomwe adzagulitsidwa panthaka, mbande zimapanga mizu yolimba. Ndipo iyi ndiye njira yothandizira kukula, mphukira zamphamvu, kukula kwake ndi kuchuluka kwa masamba. Tisananyamule, dothi limakhetsa bwino, ndiye kuti zikumera zimachotsedwa mosamala, ndikusunga dothi lambiri momwe mungathere, ndikuziika m'mbale zatsopano. Kukula kwachichepere kumafunikira chithandizo kuti chithandizire kukulira.
Kusamutsidwa kwa kobei poyera
Zomera zimafunika kubzalidwe pamalo owala bwino, koma zotetezedwa kuti zisawonongeke. A kobe amatha kulolera mthunzi wosakhalitsa, koma malo amdima amatsutsana - kukula ndi maluwa amachepetsa kwambiri. Mbande zazing'ono sizimakonda nyengo yozizira, chifukwa ndizabwino kwambiri kuti ziziumitsa mbewu mwachitsanzo, kukonzanso duwa pa loggia wowala.
Mbande imapitilira kumalo osungirako komwe kuopseza chisanu kudutsa - uku ndiko kutha kwa Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa Juni. Ngati kutentha kochepa kumathekabe, kobe imakutidwa ndi chopanda nsalu chomwe chidakulungidwa m'magulu awiri a 2-3.
Zomera zimabzalidwa pa mtunda wa 0.5-1 mamita kuchokera pachilichonse. Pafupifupi kuchuluka kwa matanthwe, peat ndi humus amathiridwa mumayenje. Dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira. Mbande zimamwetsedwa kuti zisafukulidwe, ndipo ndikangodzaza, zimakutidwa ndi dothi ndikunyowa pang'ono. Pambuyo pake, nthaka yozungulira kobe ikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi mulch kuchokera utuchi kapena peat. Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa zothandizira kuluka, pomwe zimayambira zimakwezedwa mothandizidwa ndi anangula, kapena kudzala mbewu pafupi ndi mitengo, makoma, makoma a mpanda, ndi mipanda.
Tcherani khutu! Ngati mukufuna kusilira chitsamba chobisalira ndi chogwirika, nthawi ndi kutsina nsonga za zimayambira. Chifukwa chake mphukira zimapeza mphamvu zambiri, sizingagwirizane wina ndi mnzake ndipo sizitaya kukongoletsa kwake.
Kuthirira Kobei
Kukongola kwa malo otentha kumamveka bwino kwambiri ndipo kumafunikira kuthirira mwadongosolo, makamaka panthawi yotentha. Koma madzi owonjezera sayenera kuloledwa nthawi imodzi - mizu imawola, ndiye madzi mutayanika dothi lapamwamba.
Bzalani zakudya ndi feteleza
Kuyambira pa nthawi yomwe masamba oyamba akhazikika mpaka gawo la masamba akukakamiza, mbewuyo imafunikira feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa msipu wobiriwira. Kenako amasinthidwa ndi phosphorous-potashi kuti azilimbitsa ndi kupitilira maluwa. Chifukwa chakuti kobe ndi mpesa waukulu, umadyetsedwa kamodzi masabata awiri. Feteleza ndi michere yazachilengedwe, ngati mukufuna, ingasinthidwe.
Kobeya nthawi yachisanu
Ngati simukufuna kusokoneza mbewu chaka chilichonse, mutha kuyesa kupulumutsa mbewuzo ngati yosatha. Chifukwa, atatha maluwa (nthawi zambiri Okutobala-mwezi), amakumba kobe, kuyesera kuti asavulaze mizu ndikuziika mu chidebe cha voliyumu yoyenera. Kenako chomera chimayikidwa m'chipinda chamdima komanso chopanda bwino (8-10 ° C), chimatha kuchitika m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, ndikusiyidwa mpaka kumapeto. Zikatero, dothi limasungunuka kamodzi pamwezi kuti mizu yake isafe ndi kufa. M'mwezi wa Marichi, kobe imachotsedwa kumalo osungira anthu nthawi yachisanu ndikusamutsidwa mchipinda chowala komanso chotentha, kuthirira kumawonjezeka, ndipo masamba oyamba amawoneka, amayamba kudya ndi mankhwala a nayitrogeni.
Pambuyo poyambitsa kukula, kudulidwa kwa chomera kungatengedwe kuti kumalitsidwe. Koma nthawi yomweyo, kusokonekera kwawo kuyenera kukumbukiridwa ndikudulidwa mosamala kwambiri. Mphukira zimamizidwa mumiphika ya mchenga wonyowa ndikuyika malo owala, pomwe amaphimba ndi mitsuko yagalasi. Isanayambike mwezi wa June, nthambi zimaphuka mizu, kenako nkuziika kumalo okhazikika.
Zofunika! Kobeya, yemwe adakulidwa ndi kudulidwa, amatulutsa m'mbuyomu, koma maluwa azomera omwe amapezeka kuchokera ku mbewu amakhala okhazikika komanso owonetsetsa.
Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Pa kobe, imakonda kukhazikika mu nsabwe za m'masamba ndi akangaude. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake chomera chimayenera kuwunikidwa pafupipafupi, ndipo, pozindikira matenda, ayenera kuyamba kulandira chithandizo pa nthawi yake. Chomera chimathandizidwa ndimisempha yanyumba kapena sopo wobiriwira, kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi mankhusu ndi adyo. Ngati njira izi sizithandiza - mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Mawanga akuda omwe amapezeka pamasamba ndi maluwa amawonetsa kuwola kwa mizu. Poterepa, muyenera kuchotsa madera onse owonongeka, owuma ndikumasulira dothi. Kenako nthaka imakhetsedwa ndi yankho la fungicide. Kuti vutoli lisabwezenso, mtsogolomo muyenera kusintha kuchuluka ndi kuthirira.
Zomwe Zikukulitsa Osauka a Kobei
Ngati duwa silikukusangalatsani ndi mitengo yayitali yobiriwira, ndiye kuti singagwirizane ndi malo obzala kapena chisamaliro. Kuti kobe poyamba ikhale yosiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwamphamvu komanso maluwa oyambirira, ngati zingatheke, mbande ziyenera kuphimbidwa kwa nthawi yoyamba. Potere, mbande zazing'ono zimasinthana mwachangu, kukulitsa mizu yamphamvu kwambiri ndikupanga masamba m'mbuyomu.
Momwe angatolere nthanga za kobe ndi nthawi yake
M'dziko lathu, kobeya amayamba kuphuka mu Julayi ndipo amasangalala ndi magetsi ake ofiirira mpaka Okutobala. Ichi ndichifukwa chake m'madera ambiri mbewu sizikhala ndi nthawi yakucha. Ndipo popeza mbewu za omwe amabzala bwino kwambiri zimakhala ndi makumi atatu zokha, sizimveketsa kusonkhanitsa okha osapsa, popeza mbande sizingatheke. Chifukwa chake, njira yabwino ikakhala kugula zinthu zobzala mu shopu yapadera.
Ngati mungasamalire kobe, imakusangalatsani mwachangu ndi kapeti wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi mabelu akulu akulu. Malo achitetezo a chic awa amaphimba bwino gazebo, imakhala mchingwe, popanda thandizo lakunja imakwera paliponse pomwepo ndipo imakongoletsa dimba lanu m'njira yoyambirira. Nthawi zambiri, olima maluwa amaberekera kobe pamakhonde ngati akuyang'ana kumwera. Mothandizidwa ndi wowoneka bwino chonchi, amapanga nyimbo zoyambira komanso makatani okhala modabwitsa, ophatikizira kuzitsulo zosiyanasiyana.
