Banja la acanthus, komwe ma pseudo-erantemum, ndi amodzi mwa mbewu zotchuka kwambiri kudera lotentha. Amayimiridwa ndi mitundu yonse yazomera zakutchire: mitengo, zitsamba, udzu, mipesa, marsh ndi xerophytes ndipo amapezeka m'nkhalango zamvula zam'malo otentha, malo osungira, maudzu, ndi maudzu amapaki.
Kukongola ndi kukongoletsa kwa mbewu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba masamba yatchuka padziko lonse kuyambira nthawi zakale, kugwidwa pazodzikongoletsera za chomerapo zokhazokha ndi mitu ikuluikulu yomanga ka Greek, Roma ndi Byzantine. Acanthus adakhazikika mu kuyendetsa maiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo Russia (dera la Ulyanovsk). Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokongoletsera za acanthus imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ojambula pakadali pano.
Pseudoderantum ndi utoto, kapena wofiirira wakuda.
Pang'ono pang'ono za acanthus
Banja la acanthus lili ndi chidwi. Amawombera nthanga kuchokera m'bokosi kupita kumalo okulirapo. Mwa izi, acanthus amatchedwa mbewu zowombera. Zimakopa chidwi cha ojambula zamaluwa ndi ojambula pamtunda ndi masamba awo okongoletsa ndi mitundu yokongoletsera. Zolocha zokongoletsera zenizeni za nyumba zosungiramo mitengo komanso nyengo yachisanu yopuma, minda yozizira mkati osati masamba okha, komanso ma inflorescence owoneka ngati ma spike okhala ndi mabriketi oyamba mumitundu yoyera ya pinki, yofiirira, yofiirira komanso yotuwa. Maluwa apanyumba ndi osowa.
Banja la acanthus lili m'gulu la zomera zomwe zimakula mwachangu komanso zokongoletsera maluwa, ndipo zimakhala ndi malo owala. Sakonda dzuwa mwachindunji, lomwe liyenera kukumbukiridwa pamene likukula m'nyumba. Nthawi yopumulirayo siikukhalidwa bwino, koma matenthedwe amasintha ndipo amapanga +22 - + 25 ° С nthawi ya chilimwe, ndipo m'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira osatsika +
Dziwani kuti m'chilimwe, + 18 ° C amaloledwa mopirira kuposa nyengo yozizira. Mulimonsemo, kuchepa kwa kutentha kumapangitsa masamba a masamba kugwa, zomwe sizimakhudzanso kukongoletsa kwawo. Oimira banja amathandizira chinyontho chowonjezera cha chinyezi komanso mpweya. Afunika kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, njira zotsukira. Loletsani mosavuta kudulira kwa chaka ndi chaka ndikudula.
Zovuta za genus pseudo-erantemum
Banjali lagawidwa m'mitundu ingapo, kuphatikiza mtundu Pseudorantemum (pseudorantemum, pseudorantemum, pseudorantemum), wogawidwa m'malo otentha akumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kwa dziko lapansi. Mitunduyi imaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 120 ya zitsamba, zitsamba, mitengo ya herbaceous. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino, omwe amafotokozedwa pakufunika kwa kutentha kokhazikika kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi chachikulu.
Pseudorantemum wamtunda wamtali, kapena wosakhazikika.
Woimira mtunduwu ndi pseudo-erantemum, wofala kuzilumba za Polynesia. Kachitsamba kakang'ono ndi mizu yolimba kumakopa kusintha kwamasamba. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira ali ndi kirimu komanso mawanga a pinki omwe anamwazikana ndi tsamba. Kuti atsimikizire kukongola kwa tsamba, kunyumba, mphukira zazing'ono zimakhazikika pansi ngati mawonekedwe a arcs ndikutetezedwa ndi chingwe. Mphukira zowonjezereka, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakulirapo, zimapinda, ndizokongoletsa kwambiri chomeracho.
Mitundu ya Pseudo Erantemum
Mu chipinda ndi kutentha kwachikhalidwe cha mtundu, mitundu yokongoletsera-yokongoletsera ndi maluwa okongoletsa a pseudo-erantemum imagwiritsidwa ntchito:
Mdima Wakuda Pseudo-Erantemum, yoyenera kwambiri nyumba zamaluwa zamkati, makamaka m'malo opumira, malo osungirako malo osungirako zachilengedwe. Amakhala ndi zitsamba zobiriwira mpaka 120 masentimita okhala ndi masamba akulu owaza kutalika kwa 7-15 ndi 4-10 cm. Mtundu wosadziwika ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa patsamba. Mawonekedwe obiriwira ndi achikasu amabalalika pamiyala yofiirira. Mwakuwala kolimba, amatembenuka ofiira. Mtengowo umasiyanitsidwa ndi kufalikira mwachangu kwa chinyezi, motero pamafunika kuthirira kambiri komanso pafupipafupi. Madzi olimba savomereza. Ndikusefukira, kuwola kwa mizu kumayamba. Amakonda feteleza, makamaka okhala ndi potaziyamu, kuchokera ku nayitrogeni amataya masamba osiyanasiyana. M'nyumba nthawi zambiri pamakhala maluwa ndi maluwa oyera okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofiirira, omwe amakhala ndi makutu ovuta.
Mesh pseudoerentemum - shrub yobiriwira mpaka pamtunda wa 1.0 m, wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira ovate-lanceolate. Pulasitiki ya sheet imakongoletsedwa ndi netiweki yakumanja ya mikwaso yagolide yachikaso. Pamaso pa masamba opindika. White maluwa corolla wofiira pharynx. Pachimake ndi ovala bwino kwambiri. Pazofunikira zina, ndizofanana ndi khunyu yakuda ya pseudo-erantemum.
Pakadali pano, mitundu ya pseudo-erantemum yamdima yakuda ndi pseudo-erantemum reticulum imagwirizana pansi pa dzina lomwelo Pseudorantemum mdima kapezi. Pazithunzithunzi za Royal Kew Botanical Gardens: Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seem.) Guillaumin syn. Pseuderanthemum reticulatum Radlk. - Pseudorantemum net. Eranthemum atropurpureum W. Bull - Eranthemum mdima magenta syn. Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum (W.Bull) L.H. Bailey - pseudorantemum wakuda wakuda
Pseudorantemum wakuda wakuda.
Pseudo-erantemum sakhazikika abwino kwa okonda masamba otsika mkati. Mtengo wobiriwira nthawi zonse osaposa 50 cm. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya masamba opendekera-lanceolate okhala ndi m'mphepete. Chomera chokongola modabwitsa chopezeka ndi masamba amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mbali yakumtunda ndi yobiriwira maolivi ndipo mbali yakumbuyo imakhala yofiyira. Ziphuphu za Corolla ndizoyera zokhala ndi mawanga ofiira owoneka oyera.
Malinga ndi gulu lamakono, pseudo-erantemum sakhazikika (Pseuderanthemum sinuatum) wophatikizidwa ndi machitidwe a pseudoderantum wautali-wamayenda (Pseuderanthemum longifolium)
Zokhudza chisamaliro cha pseudo-erantemum
Kuwala
Zomera zimafunikira kuwala kowala ndi kuwala kwa nthawi yozizira. Dzuwa lowala, masamba amapeza utoto wofiirira wobiriwira, amasiya kukulira, ndipo pakapanda kuyatsa, amasiya kusiyanasiyana ndikupanga mtundu wabwinobwino wobiriwira.
Kutentha
Pseudo-erantemum imakhala ndi ubale wapadera ndi kutentha kozungulira. Chomera pamalo otentha chimafuna kutentha kwapakatikati pamlingo wa + 18- + 25 * С. Kutentha kukagwera pansi + 15 * C, pseudo-erantemum imayamba kupweteka. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumatentha + 20- + 22 * С. Nthawi yopuma imakakamizidwa, imakhala kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Marichi, imalumikizidwa ndi kuwala kochepa komanso chinyezi. Nthawi imeneyi, imakonda kwambiri kutentha kwambiri. Zowononga zawo zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri kotero kuti mbewuyo imatha kufa. Komabe, kukonzekera konse kwa chilimwe ndi mabatire otentha a chisanu kumayambitsa chikaso ndi kukhetsa masamba.
Kuthirira
Pseudo-erantemum imafunikira kuthirira chaka chonse, chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi kuthekera kwake kosintha madzi pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Kuthirira nthawi zonse kumayenera kukhala kachulukidwe, nthaka ikamuma msanga. Ndikokwanira kulola kuyimitsa kamodzi kuchokera panthaka, kuti masamba awonongeke. Kubwezeretsa mbewu ku zokongoletsera zake zakale ndikovuta. Komabe, mbewuyo ikadzaza, kuvunda kwa mizu kudzayamba. Izi zikuyenera kukumbukiridwa mukamasamalira chomera. Kupanga pseudo-erantemum ndi madzi. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika ndi madzi ofunda, ofewa, makamaka mvula, osasefedwa kapena owongolera mpweya.
Pseudorantemum wamtunda wamtali, kapena wosakhazikika.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Ngakhale zidachokera ku malo otentha otentha, ma psavdoerantemums amafunikira chinyezi chambiri. Chilala cham'mlengalenga chimapangitsa kuti nsonga za masamba ziume.Pofunika kupopera mbewu kawiri patsiku, kupukuta masamba ndi nsalu yonyowa, ndikuwaza madzi osankhidwa bwino kuzungulira mbewu. Ndikothekanso kuthira dongo lokhathamira m'thumba kapena kufalitsa pilo ya Moss ndikuwathira madzi, koma kuti amangonyowa osasunthika madzi. Chofunika kwambiri (monga kutentha) ndi chinyezi chowonjezereka nthawi yozizira. Panjira zonse zakupatuka mu chisamaliro, chomera chimayankha ndi chikasu ndikukhetsa masamba, kuyimitsidwa kwachitukuko.
Nthaka ndi feteleza
Kwa pseudo-erantemum, momwe thunthu limakhalira lofunika kwambiri. Wopepuka, wobowoleza, nthaka yokhala acidic kapena wosalowerera amafunikira. Mukakulidwa m'nyumba, osakaniza dothi limakonzedwa kuchokera kumakola, dothi lamasamba ndi mchenga. Kuphatikiza apo, magawo atatu a pepalali amatengedwa gawo limodzi la nkhanu kuti nthaka ikhale yopumira. Zomera sizilekerera nthaka yolimba.
Tsamba lalikulu ndi kukula msanga kumafunikira michere yambiri. Chifukwa chake, munthawi yogwira ntchito yotukuka (kasupe-chilimwe), pseudo-erantemum imakonzedwa pambuyo pa masiku 20-30 ndi feteleza wathunthu wokhala ndi phosphorous makamaka potaziyamu. Phosphorous imalimbitsa zomerazo, ndipo potaziyamu imakulitsa kuwala kwa masamba. Ngati nayitrogeni imakhazikika pakuvala kwapamwamba, masamba amataya kusiyanasiyana (kusiyanasiyana). Pa mbewuyi, feteleza wachilengedwe amakhalabe wofunika kwambiri, wolimba yemwe amangomwazika panthaka ndikuthirira. Panthawi yokakamizidwa, mbewu siziphatikiza.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Zomera zazing'ono za pseudo-erantemum zimadziwika ndi ntchito yayikulu yakukula ndi chitukuko, chifukwa chake, zimafunikira chofanizira chaka chilichonse. Chidebe chatsopano chonyamula chimatengedwa m'mimba mwake chachikulu masentimita 2-3 kuposa kale. Mizu ya pseudo-erantemum imafuna voliyumu yayikulu yaulere. Kuchepa pang'ono kwa mizu yomwe ikukula mwachangu mchaka kumadzaderera, ndipo chomera chikuyamba kumera masamba otsika. Monga mwachizolowezi, chidebe chimatsukidwa bwino, chosatulutsa, zotayidwa zimayikidwa pansi, pafupifupi 1/4 ya kutalika kwa mphika. Drainage adakutidwa ndi dothi. Yenderani mbewuyo ndikuonetsetsa kuti yazula mizu. Chomera chokonzedwacho chimabzalidwa, kufinya dothi mosavuta, kuthiriridwa pang'ono m'mphepete ndikuyamba kuyikika pamalo osungika, kenako ndikusunthidwa kumalo osatha. Zomera zazikulu zimasinthidwa pakapita zaka 3-4 zilizonse. Thirani zofunika, monga achinyamata zomera.
Pseudoderantum ndi utoto, kapena wofiirira wakuda.
Kusinthidwa kwa ma pseudo-erantemums
Pseudo-erantemum imafalitsidwa pakulima ndi njira yamasamba. Kuchokera pa chomera cha mayi, kudula apical kapena tsinde la 1-2 mfundo zimakololedwa. Mizu yodulidwa muzotengera, miphika. Kusakaniza kwa peat ndi mchenga kumathiridwa mu ngalande, kudula kumabzalidwa. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa mizu ndi + 25- + 28 * C. Kusungika bwino, chidebe kapena mphika wokhala ndi zodulira zaphimbidwa ndi filimu. Zomera zazing'ono zimabzalidwa m'mabotolo amodzi nthawi imodzi kapena m'magulu a mbewu 2-3. Wodula mizu mwachangu kwambiri kotero kuti amapanga mizu ngakhale m'madzi oyera kapena kuwonjezera kwa mizu. Wofesedwa m'mizere odulidwa kuti muimitse kukula, kutsina nsonga ndi 2-3 cm.
Ma Bush mapangidwe
Pseudoerantemum imakula kwambiri. M'chaka, zimayambira zimakulitsidwa ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Koma chifukwa cha kukula kosagwirizana, patatha zaka zochepa misa yapamwamba (mpaka 1 m kutalika) imataya kukongoletsa kwake. Kuti chomera chikongoletse zamkati kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikofunikira kuchipatsa nthawi zonse kudulira ndi kutsina. Ndikutaya kukongoletsa, zodulidwa zimadulidwa kwa mphukira zazing'ono kuti zifalitsidwe, ndipo chomera chakale chiwonongeka. Kuyesera pseudo-erantemum kumatha kulekerera. Mukamadulira kwambiri, achinyamata ambiri amawombera chomera. Chinthu chinanso chazomera zomwe zimamera m'mlengalenga ndizodziwika bwino pazomera. Zodulidwa zimayenera kudulidwa m'mera zazing'ono zazing'ono. Chomera chachikulu cha mayi, chimakhala chovuta kwambiri kuzika mizu, ngakhale kuyambira mphukira zazing'ono mutadulira.
Chitetezo ku matenda ndi tizirombo
Mwa matenda omwe amapezeka pseudo-erantemum, kuwola mizu yomwe yayamba chifukwa cha kuthirira kwambiri ndizofala.
Tizilombo tofala kwa mbewu zakunyumba - nsabwe, malaya, tizilombo tambiri, maulalo ndi ma mebubu, timawonongeka ndi zinthu zopanda chilengedwe kwa zomera, anthu ndi nyama, pogwiritsa ntchito njira. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matendawa ndi kangaude ndi mawonekedwe a kangaude wowoneka bwino patsinde pa tsamba. Mealybug ndi scutellum nthawi zambiri zimakhala pa petioles pamunsi pamasamba (mawanga a bulauni kapena zofewa zoyera fluff). Nsabwe za m'masamba zimamera chomera chilichonse.
Ngati tizirombo tapezeka, gwiritsani ntchito mbewuzo ndi imodzi mwakapangidwe a Iskra-bio, Fitoverm, Vertimek malinga ndi malangizo omwe akuwonetsedwa phukusi. Nsabwe za m'masamba zimachotsedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yotsuka yotsuka pawindo kapena kutsukidwa ndi mtsinje wamadzi (ngati matenda ayamba) posamba, m'mbuyomu ndikuphimba dziko lapansi ndi filimu yopukutira. Pakakhala mealybug, whitefly ndi tizirombo tina, ndikofunikira kubwezeretsa pamwamba pamalopo ndi watsopano. Njira zodzitchinjiriza ndikuwululidwa kwamasabata sabata iliyonse kwa mphindi 1-2 ndi nyali yachipatala ya ultraviolet.
