Kukula beets!

Maboti ofiira okha
Kugona pa Mzere.
N. Nekrasov

Izi ndi za beets patebulo ofiira m'mizere ya Nekrasov, makamaka za mitundu yake yamilanje. Kuyambira kale zamasamba zimakondedwa m'mudzi. Ndipo ndani yemwe samadziwika chifukwa cha beets m'mbale? Aliyense amadya, koma alemekeze. M'masupu, borscht, saladi, vinaigrette, pamoto - msungwana wosavuta uyu wochokera kumunda ndi wabwino kulikonse.

Zochenjera zachikhalidwe: beets imaphikidwa mu peel ndi "mchira", apo ayi zinthu zofunikira za mbewu yolimba zimatayika.

Kwa okonda zakudya zamasamba, timalimbikitsa saladi wa beetroot: mwachangu mwachangu beets wophika, kuwonjezera walnuts wosweka, adyo, ndimu, mchere ndi mafuta a mpendadzuwa.

Nayi Chinsinsi china: Beet kuzifutsa ndi wakuda currants. Woyera zipatso za currant woyenera 1: 4 ndi ma cubes, ikani msanganizo m'mbale, kutsanulira otentha marinade. Sterilization ndizabwinobwino. Marinade amakonzedwa chimodzimodzi ndi nkhaka ndi tomato.

Komabe, ma beets a tebulo si michere, mavitamini ndi michere yokha. Iyo, monga muzu wofunikira, ndiyofunikanso pakubadwa kwaz mbeu. Kupatula apo, beets ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yazomera zambiri zamasamba. Ndipo kubereka, kuchuluka kwake kudzakuwuzani: Alimi odziwa zamaluwa pazaka zabwino amalandila 1 m² 4-6 kg mizu mbewu.

Ulimi wa Beet ukufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'mabuku ambiri onena za masamba omwe amalimidwa, ndiye kuti tizingokhalapo pazinthu zina. Amadziwika kuti ma beets amakula bwino pamadothi omwe ali ndi asidi pang'ono, chifukwa chake, mabedi omwe amapatsidwa, ngati pakufunika, laimu. Kuphatikiza apo, pamadothi okhala ndi madzi, amayenera kukhala ndi ngalande, apo ayi mizu yomwe imapangidwa yofooka kwambiri. Tikamakulitsa beets, tebulo limasamalidwa kwambiri kuti kufera kwake kubereke. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti mitundu yamtundu wa mabulosi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi nthangala zambiri, ndiye kuti, chipatso chimodzi chimapanga chisa cha mbande 2-4. Ndiye chifukwa chake pakufunika kuwonda kawiri pa mbewu.

Tsopano za matenda a beets. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi muzu wakudya, phomosis, cercosporosis, zowola zowola.

Korneed - matenda a mbande, kuwonekera mu kuvunda kwa muzu ndi submuscular bondo. Zomera zodwala zimafa, zikumera. Matendawa amatuluka chifukwa cha nyengo zoyipa zomwe zimathandizira kuti zomera zitha kugonjetsedwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri, tomwe timayambira fusarium.

Tizilombo ta mizu timayamba kutulutsa dothi komanso chinyezi chambiri, makina ogwiritsa ntchito, osachita bwino. Kusintha kwakuthwa usiku ndi usana kutentha, chisanu m'nthaka panthawi yomwe ikamera mbande zimakulitsa kukula kwa mizu.

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa mizu timatha kudziunjikira m'nthaka tikamakonzanso mbewuyi malo amodzi. Chifukwa chake, kusinthana kwa zikhalidwe ndikofunikira.

Ndipo tsoosis imawonekera bwanji? Zizindikiro zoyambira - mawanga achikasu owoneka ndi madontho akuda pakati amawoneka masamba akale. Popeza nthendayi imakonda kupezeka kumapeto kwa nyengo yakula, sizibweretsa vuto ku mbewu zomwe. Koma muzu mbewu zake zimavutika kwambiri, makamaka pakusunga. Mukangokhala muzu wazomera, tizilomboti timayambitsa kuvunda kwa gawo lalikulu, lomwe limapezeka m'gawolo. Matendawa amakhudza kwambiri mbewu za muzu, zomwe zimamera ndikusowa kwa boron m'nthaka. Wothandizirana nayeyo amasungidwa pa zinyalala kapena pa mbewu.

Amayinyamulanso ndi mbewu zaudwala. Fomosis yoyendetsedwa ndi chithandizo cha mbewu. Monga othandizira, 75 ndi 80% yonyowetsa ufa polycarbacin amagwiritsidwa ntchito, yemwe amavomerezedwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pazachuma cha pabanja. Mlingo - 0,5 g pa 100 ga mbewu. Pa dothi losauka mu boron, feteleza wa boron umayikidwa (3 g wa borax pa 1 mita²).

The causative wothandizila cercosporosis amakhudza masamba okhazikika bwino pazomera za woyamba ndi wachiwiri wa moyo. Amamera pang'ono pobzala kuposa zomera za chaka choyamba. Matendawa amadziwoneka mu mawonekedwe amizere yambiri, mawanga owala (2-3 mm mulifupi, mpaka 5-6 mm pamasamba akale) okhala ndi malire ofiira. Pamaso pa mawanga mu nyengo yonyowa, mawonekedwe amtundu wamtambo. Idzakhala chidziwitso cha cercosporosis kuchokera m'malo ofanana a bakiteriya.

Zomera zazing'ono za beetroot, komanso testes yomwe ikula, zimakhudzidwa ndi peronosporosis. Ndi matendawa, masamba apakati achikasu amasanduka achikasu, m'mphepete mwake amapindika. Duwa lotuwa limachita kupendekera kwamasamba. Matendawa amakula kwambiri nyengo yozizira komanso yotentha.. The causative wothandizila matendawa amatha kulimbikira ndi mbewu, uterine muzu mbewu, komanso zotsalira kukolola.

Minofu, yowutsa mudyo mizu ya beets ya tebulo nthawi yosungirako imatha kutenga kachilomboka. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso mabakiteriya oyambira. Ndi gawo lalitali la mbewu zomwe zikukhudzidwa, mitsempha yofiirira komanso yakufa komanso zotupa zakuda zimawonekera mkati mwawo. Zizindikiro zakudziwikirazi ndi umboni kuti muzu wabwinobwino ukudwala ndipo njira ya matenda ikuchitika mkati mwake.

Ndi kuwola kwambiri kwa mbewu yamizu, kuwonekera kwoyera kapena kotuwa kumaso kwawo. Zomwezi zimawonedwa mkatiamu mbewu. Ndizosangalatsa kuti mitundu yamtundu wozungulira yozungulira komanso yozungulira yozunguliratu imakhala yotsika kuposa yokhala ndi lathyathyathya, chifukwa imakhala yowonongeka pakukolola ndipo imatha kunyamulidwa mosavuta. Zomwe zimayambitsa zowola zowonongeka ndizowonongeka kwa mizu, kuzizira kwawo ndi kufesa, malo osungirako osayenera. Chifukwa chake zonsezi ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala.

Zachidziwikire, mbewu za muzu zimakololedwa isanayambe chisanu. Zomera zokutidwa, masamba amadulidwa pomwepo, kusiya petioles pafupifupi 1 cm. Beets imasungidwa m'mabokosi ang'onoang'ono (okhala ndi makilogalamu 15-20), omwe kale anali owaza ndi mchenga palimodzi ndi laimu wa fluffy. Beets imasungidwa bwino m'matumba apulasitiki; azisunga bwino, kusiya dzenje kuti mpweya wabwino utuluke. M'nyengo yozizira, beets pamatebulo amasungidwa kutentha pafupifupi 2 ° ndi chinyezi cha 90-95%.

Pomaliza, malingaliro angapo agrotechnical:

ikani beets mu kasinthasintha wa mbewu kuti ibwerere pomwe idakhazikika kale kuposa zaka 2-3;
musaiwale kulemeretsa nthaka ndi boron, izi microelement ndizofunikira beets;
yambani kufesa nthaka ikatentha ndi osachepera 5-7 °, ndipo chinyezi cha nthaka pafupifupi 60% ya chinyezi chonse;
kumasula dothi kutumphuka atangotuluka.

Kodi ndi mitundu iti ya beetroot yomwe imalimbikitsa? Zikuwoneka kuti, choyambirira, ndizomwe zimalepheretsa matenda. Malinga ndi kukana kwa amene wadya muzu, mwachitsanzo, lathyathyathya Aigupto, Leningrad mozungulira, Pushkin lathyathyathya 1-2-mbewu imasiyanitsidwa. Zogwirizana ndi cercosporosis, Leningradskaya wozungulira, Donskaya lathyathyathya 367, Kuban borscht 43. Kusiyanasiyana Odnorostkovaya, Siberian flat, Podzimnaya A-474 ndi Bordeaux 237 amakhala bwino.

Zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito: